The document is a notification from the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission regarding amendments to the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (Indian Electricity Grid Code) Regulations, 2010. Key points:
- It introduces new definitions related to deviation settlement mechanism regulations and pooling stations.
- It modifies various regulations regarding frequency response obligations of generators, scheduling and despatch, and treatment of deviations from schedules.
- Maximum deviations from schedules will now be as specified in the Deviation Settlement Mechanism Regulations.
- Schedules will be deemed revised to actual generation and drawal during grid disturbances based on certification by RLDCs.
Improved Transient Compensation using PI-SRF Control Scheme Based UHVDC for O...IRJET Journal
This document presents a PI controller-based unified high voltage direct current (UHVDC) system for offshore wind power plants to improve transient compensation. The proposed UHVDC system includes both series and shunt compensators to provide symmetrical and asymmetrical fault handling, smooth power transfer, regulated DC link voltage, and improved reliability. A PI controller using synchronous reference frame (SRF) control is proposed to achieve fast transient management. Simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink show the PI-SRF control technique regulates the DC link voltage and reduces transients during faults compared to conventional control schemes. The control strategy independently controls the shunt and series compensators to maintain power flow and voltage stability under normal and fault conditions.
IRJET- Dual Speed Control of Underwater Auxiliary Propulsion using BLDC M...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a proposed dual speed control system for the auxiliary propulsion of underwater vehicles using a brushless DC motor (BLDC). The existing system uses DC motors which have limitations that can be overcome by using a BLDC motor. The proposed system features a BLDC motor, current sensor, PID controller, and speed/direction sensor. It aims to provide two-speed bidirectional control of the auxiliary propellers through closed-loop control of the BLDC motor's speed using a PID controller. Simulation results are presented to validate that the proposed system can efficiently control the auxiliary propulsion at two speeds in both directions.
IRJET- A New Load Frequency Control Method of Multi-Area Power System Via the...IRJET Journal
This document presents a new load frequency control method for multi-area power systems based on port-Hamiltonian and cascade system viewpoints. It proposes designing PID control laws for multi-area load frequency control systems to improve on existing PID methods. The proposed method provides advantages of decoupling total tie-line power flow and robust disturbance rejection. Simulation results in MATLAB Simulink validate the advantages and robustness of the proposed method for systems with and without reheated turbines.
The document describes a Power Conditioning and Control Equipment (PCCE) system designed to improve the efficiency and production of oil wells that use sucker rod pumps. The PCCE replaces the pump motor with a more efficient motor and power electronics to precisely control the motor. Sensors monitor the pump mechanics to detect stresses and optimize the stroke cycle. This allows increasing production while reducing stresses on equipment. The PCCE is estimated to reduce energy and demand costs by 10-15% on average while increasing oil production by 15-20% through intelligent control of the pump stroke cycle. It also provides operators with analytics to monitor individual well performance.
WAMS-Based SSR Damping Controller Design for FACTS Devices and Investigating ...IJPEDS-IAES
Recent technological progresses in the wide-area measurement systems
(WAMS) are realizing the centralized controls as a breakthrough for
improving the power systems stability. The most challenging deficiency
against WAMS technology is related to communication delays. If this latency
is neglected, it can deteriorate the damping performance of closed loop
control or even degrade the system stability. This paper investigates a
conventional Wide Area Damping Controller (WADC) for a static
synchronous series compensator (SSSC) to damp out the Sub-Synchronous
Resonance (SSR) and also investigation of the destructive effect of time
delay in remote feedback signal. A new optimization algorithm called
teaching-learning-based- optimization (TLBO) algorithm has been
implemented to normalize and optimize the parameters of the global SSR
damping controller. The IEEE Second Benchmark Model is considered as the
system under study and all simulations are carried out in
MATLAB/SIMULINK environment.
67.energy optimization of field oriented (1)imran shaikh
The document describes an adaptive flux search control technique to optimize the efficiency of a field oriented controlled six-phase induction motor drive. The technique adaptively changes the flux variation steps to decrease the convergence time of the search control algorithm. Simulation and experimental results show that when the proposed algorithm is run, it changes the stator flux amplitude to an optimal lower value than nominal to reduce input power without changing output power or torque, thereby improving efficiency. The adaptive flux search control is found to be faster than conventional search control techniques and effectively optimizes the efficiency of the six-phase induction motor drive.
The document discusses open access regulation and grant of connectivity regulation in India. It provides definitions of open access, objectives of open access such as increasing competition and reducing losses. It describes the working process of open access involving generators, utilities, traders and consumers. It also outlines the types of open access transactions and various regulations issued over time in 2004, 2006, 2008, 2013 and 2014 that govern open access.
Damping of Inter-Area Low Frequency Oscillation Using an Adaptive Wide-Area D...Power System Operation
This paper presents an adaptive wide-area damping controller (WADC) based on
generalized predictive control (GPC) and model identification for damping the inter-area low
frequency oscillations in large-scale inter-connected power system. A recursive least-squares algorithm
(RLSA) with a varying forgetting factor is applied to identify online the reduced-order linearlized
model which contains dominant inter-area low frequency oscillations. Based on this linearlized model,
the generalized predictive control scheme considering control output constraints is employed to obtain
the optimal control signal in each sampling interval. Case studies are undertaken on a two-area fourmachine
power system and the New England 10-machine 39-bus power system, respectively.
Simulation results show that the proposed adaptive WADC not only can damp the inter-area
oscillations effectively under a wide range of operation conditions and different disturbances, but also
has better robustness against to the time delay existing in the remote signals. The comparison studies
with the conventional lead-lag WADC are also provided.
Improved Transient Compensation using PI-SRF Control Scheme Based UHVDC for O...IRJET Journal
This document presents a PI controller-based unified high voltage direct current (UHVDC) system for offshore wind power plants to improve transient compensation. The proposed UHVDC system includes both series and shunt compensators to provide symmetrical and asymmetrical fault handling, smooth power transfer, regulated DC link voltage, and improved reliability. A PI controller using synchronous reference frame (SRF) control is proposed to achieve fast transient management. Simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink show the PI-SRF control technique regulates the DC link voltage and reduces transients during faults compared to conventional control schemes. The control strategy independently controls the shunt and series compensators to maintain power flow and voltage stability under normal and fault conditions.
IRJET- Dual Speed Control of Underwater Auxiliary Propulsion using BLDC M...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a proposed dual speed control system for the auxiliary propulsion of underwater vehicles using a brushless DC motor (BLDC). The existing system uses DC motors which have limitations that can be overcome by using a BLDC motor. The proposed system features a BLDC motor, current sensor, PID controller, and speed/direction sensor. It aims to provide two-speed bidirectional control of the auxiliary propellers through closed-loop control of the BLDC motor's speed using a PID controller. Simulation results are presented to validate that the proposed system can efficiently control the auxiliary propulsion at two speeds in both directions.
IRJET- A New Load Frequency Control Method of Multi-Area Power System Via the...IRJET Journal
This document presents a new load frequency control method for multi-area power systems based on port-Hamiltonian and cascade system viewpoints. It proposes designing PID control laws for multi-area load frequency control systems to improve on existing PID methods. The proposed method provides advantages of decoupling total tie-line power flow and robust disturbance rejection. Simulation results in MATLAB Simulink validate the advantages and robustness of the proposed method for systems with and without reheated turbines.
The document describes a Power Conditioning and Control Equipment (PCCE) system designed to improve the efficiency and production of oil wells that use sucker rod pumps. The PCCE replaces the pump motor with a more efficient motor and power electronics to precisely control the motor. Sensors monitor the pump mechanics to detect stresses and optimize the stroke cycle. This allows increasing production while reducing stresses on equipment. The PCCE is estimated to reduce energy and demand costs by 10-15% on average while increasing oil production by 15-20% through intelligent control of the pump stroke cycle. It also provides operators with analytics to monitor individual well performance.
WAMS-Based SSR Damping Controller Design for FACTS Devices and Investigating ...IJPEDS-IAES
Recent technological progresses in the wide-area measurement systems
(WAMS) are realizing the centralized controls as a breakthrough for
improving the power systems stability. The most challenging deficiency
against WAMS technology is related to communication delays. If this latency
is neglected, it can deteriorate the damping performance of closed loop
control or even degrade the system stability. This paper investigates a
conventional Wide Area Damping Controller (WADC) for a static
synchronous series compensator (SSSC) to damp out the Sub-Synchronous
Resonance (SSR) and also investigation of the destructive effect of time
delay in remote feedback signal. A new optimization algorithm called
teaching-learning-based- optimization (TLBO) algorithm has been
implemented to normalize and optimize the parameters of the global SSR
damping controller. The IEEE Second Benchmark Model is considered as the
system under study and all simulations are carried out in
MATLAB/SIMULINK environment.
67.energy optimization of field oriented (1)imran shaikh
The document describes an adaptive flux search control technique to optimize the efficiency of a field oriented controlled six-phase induction motor drive. The technique adaptively changes the flux variation steps to decrease the convergence time of the search control algorithm. Simulation and experimental results show that when the proposed algorithm is run, it changes the stator flux amplitude to an optimal lower value than nominal to reduce input power without changing output power or torque, thereby improving efficiency. The adaptive flux search control is found to be faster than conventional search control techniques and effectively optimizes the efficiency of the six-phase induction motor drive.
The document discusses open access regulation and grant of connectivity regulation in India. It provides definitions of open access, objectives of open access such as increasing competition and reducing losses. It describes the working process of open access involving generators, utilities, traders and consumers. It also outlines the types of open access transactions and various regulations issued over time in 2004, 2006, 2008, 2013 and 2014 that govern open access.
Damping of Inter-Area Low Frequency Oscillation Using an Adaptive Wide-Area D...Power System Operation
This paper presents an adaptive wide-area damping controller (WADC) based on
generalized predictive control (GPC) and model identification for damping the inter-area low
frequency oscillations in large-scale inter-connected power system. A recursive least-squares algorithm
(RLSA) with a varying forgetting factor is applied to identify online the reduced-order linearlized
model which contains dominant inter-area low frequency oscillations. Based on this linearlized model,
the generalized predictive control scheme considering control output constraints is employed to obtain
the optimal control signal in each sampling interval. Case studies are undertaken on a two-area fourmachine
power system and the New England 10-machine 39-bus power system, respectively.
Simulation results show that the proposed adaptive WADC not only can damp the inter-area
oscillations effectively under a wide range of operation conditions and different disturbances, but also
has better robustness against to the time delay existing in the remote signals. The comparison studies
with the conventional lead-lag WADC are also provided.
IRJET - Vector Control of Permenant Magnet Synchronous MotorIRJET Journal
This document discusses vector control techniques for permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM). It describes field oriented control, direct torque control, voltage vector control, and passivity based control. It then discusses the components of a PMSM drive system, including the motor, inverter, and PID speed controller. It presents the mathematical model and torque equation for vector control of PMSM. Finally, it discusses simulating the PMSM drive system in MATLAB/Simulink using reverse Park transformations, hysteresis current control, and testing in the constant torque region of operation.
This technical guide discusses bearing currents in modern AC drive systems. High frequency bearing currents are generated through three main mechanisms: circulating currents induced by asymmetric capacitive currents in large motors; shaft grounding currents from voltage increases along impedance paths; and capacitive discharge currents from internal voltage divisions in small motors. Proper grounding, motor cabling, and bonding connections are necessary to prevent damage from these high frequency currents flowing through motor bearings. Specialized measurement may be needed to analyze bearing currents.
"Use of PMU data for locating faults and mitigating cascading outage"Power System Operation
This document summarizes two methods presented in the paper: 1) A fault location method that uses sparse PMU data and electromechanical wave propagation to detect faults on transmission lines. It introduces a decision tree classifier to analyze voltage measurements and locate faults with high accuracy. 2) A controlled islanding scheme to predict and mitigate cascading outages. It uses spectral clustering to partition the system and suggest switching actions to create stable islands with minimum load shedding. The methods were tested on simulated systems and show potential to improve grid monitoring, fault response and prevention of blackouts.
This document provides an overview of harmonics with AC drives, including:
- Chapters discuss harmonic distortion sources and effects, calculation methods using DriveSize software, and standards for harmonic limits.
- DriveSize is used to model a network supplying a frequency converter and motor load, calculating the harmonic currents and voltages.
- Standards discussed include EN61800-3, IEC1000-2-2, IEC1000-2-4, IEC1000-3-2, IEC1000-3-4, and IEEE519, which set limits on harmonic distortion.
- Methods for reducing harmonics are examined, including rectifier configuration, use of inductors, and passive or active filters
This technical guide provides information on dimensioning drive systems. It discusses selecting induction motors based on thermal loadability, speed range and torque requirements. It also covers selecting frequency converters based on load type, current and network conditions. The guide describes motor fundamentals including torque-speed curves, current components, and power calculations. It also reviews basic mechanical laws regarding rotational motion, gears, moments of inertia, and how they impact torque requirements during acceleration and deceleration. Dimensioning involves considering all system factors like the electric supply, driven machine, and environmental conditions.
This technical guide discusses electrical braking solutions for AC drives. It begins by evaluating braking power needs based on load characteristics such as constant versus quadratic torque. It then describes various electrical braking methods available in drives, including motor flux braking, braking choppers with resistors, and IGBT regeneration units. The guide concludes by comparing the life cycle costs of different braking solutions.
The document provides an overview of grid code technical recruitments in India. It discusses the roles of various organizations in electricity transmission planning and operations. The National Load Dispatch Center oversees national grid operations while Regional Load Dispatch Centers control regional operations. State Load Dispatch Centers control operations within states. Transmission utilities and state transmission utilities plan and develop inter-state and intra-state transmission systems respectively. The Central Electricity Authority issues technical standards and guidelines for transmission planning. Regional Power Committees facilitate coordination between states. The document also summarizes various codes related to transmission planning, grid connections, grid operations, and scheduling and dispatch of electricity.
The document discusses NERC standards and consulting services related to reliability standards. It provides descriptions of several NERC reliability standards including PRC-001, PRC-002, PRC-005, PRC-006, and PRC-019. For each standard, it lists the standard description, applicable entities, required information, and enforcement date. It also lists several NERC standards that NERC Consulting can assist clients with and provides an overview of key requirements of standard PRC-005-2.
Future approach to mitigate Inter-Area Oscillations in GCC Combined SystemPower System Operation
Inter-Area power oscillations is one of the major concerns for GCC Combined System Operators, as it is diminishing tie-lines Available Transfer Capacity and threatening System Security. This paper presents outcomes of recent modal analyses study carried out on a Combined System model. It also shows real-time oscillations recorded and analyzed by Wide Area Monitoring System (WAMS) owned by Gulf Cooperation Council Interconnection Authority (GCCIA).
The damping characteristic of the inter-area mode is dictated by the tie-line strength, the nature of the loads, and the power flow through the interconnection and the interaction of loads with the dynamics of generators and their associated controls. Therefore, it is a very challenging task to tune power system stabilizers (PSS) to damp sufficiently well both local and inter-area modes of oscillations based on local feedback signals only. The secure operation of the Combined System requires application of robust control strategy that is effective to damp inter-area oscillations over wide operating range.
Referring to the recent development of WAMS, it is worth to consider new methods to mitigate Inter-Area oscillations in the Combined System. Tuning of PSS for damping Inter-Area oscillations based on WAMS, and enhancement of damping performance of generators through wide-area controller, i.e. remote measured signals obtained using synchronized Phasor Measurements Units (PMUs) transmitted in real-time via communication network, are two proposed options for study.
Speed Sensor less DTC of VSI fed Induction Motor with Simple Flux Regulation ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses improving speed and torque estimations for direct torque control of an induction motor at low speeds. It proposes using a constant switching frequency controller instead of a 3-level hysteresis torque comparator to maintain constant switching frequency while improving stator flux regulation at low speeds. An extended Kalman filter-based estimator is used to estimate speed feedback for closed-loop speed control without requiring a speed sensor. Simulation results using MATLAB/Simulink software are presented to validate the approach for low speed operation. The goal is to develop a simple sensorless direct torque control method with improved performance at low and zero speeds.
Dynamic Modeling of Pump Drive System utilizing Simulink/MATLAB ProgramIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that models and simulates a pump drive system using MATLAB/Simulink software. The system includes a variable frequency drive connected to an induction motor that drives a centrifugal pump. The summary develops a dynamic model of the system and simulates its performance under open-loop and closed-loop control configurations. Simulation results demonstrate how variable frequency control allows the pump speed to vary based on environmental temperature, improving energy efficiency over a fixed speed system.
This document discusses several topics related to power system operation and control:
1. It defines a control area as a region where all generators swing together in response to load changes or speed governor settings.
2. It explains that voltage stability refers to a power system reaching a stable post-disturbance voltage equilibrium.
3. It describes different approaches for steady-state security analysis, which test the system against contingencies by calculating changes and checking against constraints.
Flinders Island Isolated Power System (IPS) Connect 2016 IRENA PPSjames hamilton
The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) was created in 2011 to support the deployment of renewable energy. IRENA's Small Island Developing States (SIDS) Lighthouses Initiative aims to help SIDS overcome barriers to renewable energy by 2020 through developing renewable energy roadmaps, mobilizing $500 million in funding, and adding 120 MW of new renewable capacity. IRENA has conducted activities in the Pacific region including renewable energy quickscans in 13 countries, developing renewable energy roadmaps for Kiribati and Palau with ongoing work in FSM, and grid integration studies in Palau, Samoa, Cook Islands, Fiji, and Vanuatu. IRENA has also supported capacity building events and helped fund
Flinders Island Isolated Power System (IPS) Connect 2016 F GAFARO IRENAjames hamilton
The transition of the power sector towards a renewable energy based electricity supply requires in many cases the integration of high shares of non-conventional generation into the existing infrastructure. Changes in the physical characteristics and the conditions to operate these grids are consequently introduced. The technical challenges associated with these changes have particular impact in islands, where the grids are small and the flexibility that is offered by system interconnection is not available.
Successful integration experiences in islands have demonstrated that these challenges can be overcome. Reliable and efficient supply of electricity is possible, if a consistent planning process, considering the particularities of each island and the links between different sectors and stakeholders, takes place. Through renewable energy roadmaps, grid integration studies and technical trainings IRENA has supported the planning of the transformation of the electricity systems in Small Island Developing States at a global level. In this presentation IRENA will share the lessons learned within its work and its vision of the deployment of renewable energies in island states for the following years.
Francisco Gafaro works as Programme Officer in the Renewable Energy Agency IRENA since May 2014, coordinating different projects of technical assistance to developing countries, facilitating the integration of renewable energies into the electricity grid. He is holds a Bachelor degree on electrical engineering from the Universidad de Los Andes in Colombia and a M.Sc. In Electrical Power Engineer from the RWTH-Aachen in Germany. He has more than 12 years of experience in the power sector, working in technical topics related to planning and operation of transmission and distribution networks and analyzing the impacts of RE.
Flinders Island Isolated Power System (IPS) Connect 2016 L CURRO Horizon Powerjames hamilton
Isolated island power systems are experiencing unprecedented demands for the connection of solar PV. This is currently seen as a threat to traditional utility models. As costs of renewable energy are decreasing, there is increasing complexity in the integration and the economics surrounding this. The realisation of existing investments in networks and generators is often shaping the discussions and way forward. The presentation will discuss the impact of disruptive technologies on islanded systems.
Laurie Curro holds a Bachelor of Electrical Engineering from WAIT (now Curtin University) and a Master of Engineering Science (UWA) as well as Graduate Diploma Technology Management (Deakin).
He has over 30 years’ experience working in the Power Transmission and Distribution industry, with particular interest in distribution and power system planning, distribution design, distribution reliability power quality, system operations and maintenance and smart grid planning.
He has also established and managed a distribution control and fault management centre. Laurie is currently General Manager Power System Services at Horizon Power. He is a Fellow of the Institute of Engineers and a Graduate Member of the Australian Institute of Company Directors.
Flinders Island Isolated Power System (IPS) Connect 2016 K BUNKER RMI CWRjames hamilton
Rocky Mountain Institute and Carbon War Room (RMI-CWR) advance market-based solutions by engaging businesses, communities, and institutions to cost-effectively shift to efficiency and renewables. RMI-CWR leads numerous collaborative initiatives with diverse partners - business, government, academic, nonprofit, philanthropic, and military - to accelerate and scale energy solutions, including the Islands Energy Program.
The program guides island governments and utilities to define and achieve their energy visions. The goal of the program is to accelerate the transition of island economies from a heavy dependence on fossil fuels to a diverse platform of renewables and energy efficiency. With an independent, objective, and fact-based approach, the team brings a diverse skill set to support integrated resource planning, project identification and development, and continuous learning in the Caribbean region.
Partner islands include: Anguilla, Aruba, Bahamas, Belize, Colombia (San Andres and Providencia), Grenada, Montserrat, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Turks and Caicos, and the Seychelles. More details are available here: http://www.rmi.org/islands_projects
Kaitlyn is passionate about transforming the way in which we use energy as a society, including increasing the amount of efficiency and renewable sources of energy. With a background and Ph.D. in electrical engineering, Kaitlyn maintains a focus in power systems, power electronics, controls, and microgrids. Through her current role within Rocky Mountain Institute, Kaitlyn is expanding her technical expertise to include aspects such as economics and policy. She has been the lead engineer with several microgrid assessments and utility models with the RMI-CWR Islands Energy Program.
Flinders Island Isolated Power System (IPS) Connect 2016 S KILMETE PUCjames hamilton
The Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) is a grouping of 607 small islands in the Western Pacific about 2,500 miles southwest of Hawaii, lying just above the Equator. Generally speaking, FSM comprises what is known as the Eastern and Western Caroline Islands. While the country's total land area amounts to only 270.8 square miles, it occupies more than one million square miles of the Pacific ocean, and ranges 1,700 miles from East (Kosrae) to West (Yap)- Each of the four States centers around one or more "high islands." and all but Kosrae include numerous atolls.
Chuuk State has a total land area of 492 square miles and includes seven major island groups. Pohnpei State has 133.4 square miles of land area, of which 130 is accounted for by Pohnpei island, the largest in FSM. Yap State is made up of 4 large islands, 7 small islands and 134 atolls, with a total land area of 45.6 square miles- Kosrae is essentially one high island of 42.3 square miles.
FSM enjoys a tropical climate, with relatively even, warm temperatures throughout the year. Rainfall is generally plentiful, and Pohnpei reputedly is one of the wettest places on Earth, with up to 330 inches of rain per year.
This document discusses the metrology of threads. It begins by defining external and internal threads and providing examples. It then defines various thread terminology including pitch, lead, crest, flank, root, major diameter, minor diameter, effective diameter, depth of thread, angle of thread, and others. It describes various types of thread forms and types of errors in threads. The document outlines various measurement methods for elements of a thread like major diameter, minor diameter, effective diameter, and pitch. It also discusses gear terminology and types of gears like spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, worm gears, and rack and pinion gears.
Punjab SERC (Forecasting, Scheduling, Deviation Settlement and Related Matte...Das A. K.
This document outlines regulations for forecasting, scheduling, and deviation settlement of solar and wind generation sources in Punjab, India. It defines key terms and establishes requirements for wind and solar generators to register with the state load dispatch center and provide forecasts, schedules, technical data and weather data. Generators must forecast day-ahead and week-ahead and can revise schedules up to 16 times per day. Deviation charges will be paid into a state pool account for errors over 10% between actual and scheduled generation. A qualified coordinating agency can coordinate schedules and settlements on behalf of generators connected to the same pooling station.
This document outlines regulations established by the Uttar Pradesh Electricity Regulatory Commission (UPERC) regarding captive and non-conventional energy generating plants in Uttar Pradesh. The regulations cover topics such as the scope and application of the regulations, obligations and duties of captive generating plants, open access provisions, tariffs, and sale of surplus power. Key points include:
- The regulations apply to all existing and proposed captive generating plants of 1 MW or larger in Uttar Pradesh.
- Captive plants must abide by technical standards and grid discipline. They have rights to open access transmission.
- Captive plants can sell surplus power to distribution licensees via power purchase agreements approved by UPERC
IRJET - Vector Control of Permenant Magnet Synchronous MotorIRJET Journal
This document discusses vector control techniques for permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM). It describes field oriented control, direct torque control, voltage vector control, and passivity based control. It then discusses the components of a PMSM drive system, including the motor, inverter, and PID speed controller. It presents the mathematical model and torque equation for vector control of PMSM. Finally, it discusses simulating the PMSM drive system in MATLAB/Simulink using reverse Park transformations, hysteresis current control, and testing in the constant torque region of operation.
This technical guide discusses bearing currents in modern AC drive systems. High frequency bearing currents are generated through three main mechanisms: circulating currents induced by asymmetric capacitive currents in large motors; shaft grounding currents from voltage increases along impedance paths; and capacitive discharge currents from internal voltage divisions in small motors. Proper grounding, motor cabling, and bonding connections are necessary to prevent damage from these high frequency currents flowing through motor bearings. Specialized measurement may be needed to analyze bearing currents.
"Use of PMU data for locating faults and mitigating cascading outage"Power System Operation
This document summarizes two methods presented in the paper: 1) A fault location method that uses sparse PMU data and electromechanical wave propagation to detect faults on transmission lines. It introduces a decision tree classifier to analyze voltage measurements and locate faults with high accuracy. 2) A controlled islanding scheme to predict and mitigate cascading outages. It uses spectral clustering to partition the system and suggest switching actions to create stable islands with minimum load shedding. The methods were tested on simulated systems and show potential to improve grid monitoring, fault response and prevention of blackouts.
This document provides an overview of harmonics with AC drives, including:
- Chapters discuss harmonic distortion sources and effects, calculation methods using DriveSize software, and standards for harmonic limits.
- DriveSize is used to model a network supplying a frequency converter and motor load, calculating the harmonic currents and voltages.
- Standards discussed include EN61800-3, IEC1000-2-2, IEC1000-2-4, IEC1000-3-2, IEC1000-3-4, and IEEE519, which set limits on harmonic distortion.
- Methods for reducing harmonics are examined, including rectifier configuration, use of inductors, and passive or active filters
This technical guide provides information on dimensioning drive systems. It discusses selecting induction motors based on thermal loadability, speed range and torque requirements. It also covers selecting frequency converters based on load type, current and network conditions. The guide describes motor fundamentals including torque-speed curves, current components, and power calculations. It also reviews basic mechanical laws regarding rotational motion, gears, moments of inertia, and how they impact torque requirements during acceleration and deceleration. Dimensioning involves considering all system factors like the electric supply, driven machine, and environmental conditions.
This technical guide discusses electrical braking solutions for AC drives. It begins by evaluating braking power needs based on load characteristics such as constant versus quadratic torque. It then describes various electrical braking methods available in drives, including motor flux braking, braking choppers with resistors, and IGBT regeneration units. The guide concludes by comparing the life cycle costs of different braking solutions.
The document provides an overview of grid code technical recruitments in India. It discusses the roles of various organizations in electricity transmission planning and operations. The National Load Dispatch Center oversees national grid operations while Regional Load Dispatch Centers control regional operations. State Load Dispatch Centers control operations within states. Transmission utilities and state transmission utilities plan and develop inter-state and intra-state transmission systems respectively. The Central Electricity Authority issues technical standards and guidelines for transmission planning. Regional Power Committees facilitate coordination between states. The document also summarizes various codes related to transmission planning, grid connections, grid operations, and scheduling and dispatch of electricity.
The document discusses NERC standards and consulting services related to reliability standards. It provides descriptions of several NERC reliability standards including PRC-001, PRC-002, PRC-005, PRC-006, and PRC-019. For each standard, it lists the standard description, applicable entities, required information, and enforcement date. It also lists several NERC standards that NERC Consulting can assist clients with and provides an overview of key requirements of standard PRC-005-2.
Future approach to mitigate Inter-Area Oscillations in GCC Combined SystemPower System Operation
Inter-Area power oscillations is one of the major concerns for GCC Combined System Operators, as it is diminishing tie-lines Available Transfer Capacity and threatening System Security. This paper presents outcomes of recent modal analyses study carried out on a Combined System model. It also shows real-time oscillations recorded and analyzed by Wide Area Monitoring System (WAMS) owned by Gulf Cooperation Council Interconnection Authority (GCCIA).
The damping characteristic of the inter-area mode is dictated by the tie-line strength, the nature of the loads, and the power flow through the interconnection and the interaction of loads with the dynamics of generators and their associated controls. Therefore, it is a very challenging task to tune power system stabilizers (PSS) to damp sufficiently well both local and inter-area modes of oscillations based on local feedback signals only. The secure operation of the Combined System requires application of robust control strategy that is effective to damp inter-area oscillations over wide operating range.
Referring to the recent development of WAMS, it is worth to consider new methods to mitigate Inter-Area oscillations in the Combined System. Tuning of PSS for damping Inter-Area oscillations based on WAMS, and enhancement of damping performance of generators through wide-area controller, i.e. remote measured signals obtained using synchronized Phasor Measurements Units (PMUs) transmitted in real-time via communication network, are two proposed options for study.
Speed Sensor less DTC of VSI fed Induction Motor with Simple Flux Regulation ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses improving speed and torque estimations for direct torque control of an induction motor at low speeds. It proposes using a constant switching frequency controller instead of a 3-level hysteresis torque comparator to maintain constant switching frequency while improving stator flux regulation at low speeds. An extended Kalman filter-based estimator is used to estimate speed feedback for closed-loop speed control without requiring a speed sensor. Simulation results using MATLAB/Simulink software are presented to validate the approach for low speed operation. The goal is to develop a simple sensorless direct torque control method with improved performance at low and zero speeds.
Dynamic Modeling of Pump Drive System utilizing Simulink/MATLAB ProgramIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that models and simulates a pump drive system using MATLAB/Simulink software. The system includes a variable frequency drive connected to an induction motor that drives a centrifugal pump. The summary develops a dynamic model of the system and simulates its performance under open-loop and closed-loop control configurations. Simulation results demonstrate how variable frequency control allows the pump speed to vary based on environmental temperature, improving energy efficiency over a fixed speed system.
This document discusses several topics related to power system operation and control:
1. It defines a control area as a region where all generators swing together in response to load changes or speed governor settings.
2. It explains that voltage stability refers to a power system reaching a stable post-disturbance voltage equilibrium.
3. It describes different approaches for steady-state security analysis, which test the system against contingencies by calculating changes and checking against constraints.
Flinders Island Isolated Power System (IPS) Connect 2016 IRENA PPSjames hamilton
The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) was created in 2011 to support the deployment of renewable energy. IRENA's Small Island Developing States (SIDS) Lighthouses Initiative aims to help SIDS overcome barriers to renewable energy by 2020 through developing renewable energy roadmaps, mobilizing $500 million in funding, and adding 120 MW of new renewable capacity. IRENA has conducted activities in the Pacific region including renewable energy quickscans in 13 countries, developing renewable energy roadmaps for Kiribati and Palau with ongoing work in FSM, and grid integration studies in Palau, Samoa, Cook Islands, Fiji, and Vanuatu. IRENA has also supported capacity building events and helped fund
Flinders Island Isolated Power System (IPS) Connect 2016 F GAFARO IRENAjames hamilton
The transition of the power sector towards a renewable energy based electricity supply requires in many cases the integration of high shares of non-conventional generation into the existing infrastructure. Changes in the physical characteristics and the conditions to operate these grids are consequently introduced. The technical challenges associated with these changes have particular impact in islands, where the grids are small and the flexibility that is offered by system interconnection is not available.
Successful integration experiences in islands have demonstrated that these challenges can be overcome. Reliable and efficient supply of electricity is possible, if a consistent planning process, considering the particularities of each island and the links between different sectors and stakeholders, takes place. Through renewable energy roadmaps, grid integration studies and technical trainings IRENA has supported the planning of the transformation of the electricity systems in Small Island Developing States at a global level. In this presentation IRENA will share the lessons learned within its work and its vision of the deployment of renewable energies in island states for the following years.
Francisco Gafaro works as Programme Officer in the Renewable Energy Agency IRENA since May 2014, coordinating different projects of technical assistance to developing countries, facilitating the integration of renewable energies into the electricity grid. He is holds a Bachelor degree on electrical engineering from the Universidad de Los Andes in Colombia and a M.Sc. In Electrical Power Engineer from the RWTH-Aachen in Germany. He has more than 12 years of experience in the power sector, working in technical topics related to planning and operation of transmission and distribution networks and analyzing the impacts of RE.
Flinders Island Isolated Power System (IPS) Connect 2016 L CURRO Horizon Powerjames hamilton
Isolated island power systems are experiencing unprecedented demands for the connection of solar PV. This is currently seen as a threat to traditional utility models. As costs of renewable energy are decreasing, there is increasing complexity in the integration and the economics surrounding this. The realisation of existing investments in networks and generators is often shaping the discussions and way forward. The presentation will discuss the impact of disruptive technologies on islanded systems.
Laurie Curro holds a Bachelor of Electrical Engineering from WAIT (now Curtin University) and a Master of Engineering Science (UWA) as well as Graduate Diploma Technology Management (Deakin).
He has over 30 years’ experience working in the Power Transmission and Distribution industry, with particular interest in distribution and power system planning, distribution design, distribution reliability power quality, system operations and maintenance and smart grid planning.
He has also established and managed a distribution control and fault management centre. Laurie is currently General Manager Power System Services at Horizon Power. He is a Fellow of the Institute of Engineers and a Graduate Member of the Australian Institute of Company Directors.
Flinders Island Isolated Power System (IPS) Connect 2016 K BUNKER RMI CWRjames hamilton
Rocky Mountain Institute and Carbon War Room (RMI-CWR) advance market-based solutions by engaging businesses, communities, and institutions to cost-effectively shift to efficiency and renewables. RMI-CWR leads numerous collaborative initiatives with diverse partners - business, government, academic, nonprofit, philanthropic, and military - to accelerate and scale energy solutions, including the Islands Energy Program.
The program guides island governments and utilities to define and achieve their energy visions. The goal of the program is to accelerate the transition of island economies from a heavy dependence on fossil fuels to a diverse platform of renewables and energy efficiency. With an independent, objective, and fact-based approach, the team brings a diverse skill set to support integrated resource planning, project identification and development, and continuous learning in the Caribbean region.
Partner islands include: Anguilla, Aruba, Bahamas, Belize, Colombia (San Andres and Providencia), Grenada, Montserrat, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Turks and Caicos, and the Seychelles. More details are available here: http://www.rmi.org/islands_projects
Kaitlyn is passionate about transforming the way in which we use energy as a society, including increasing the amount of efficiency and renewable sources of energy. With a background and Ph.D. in electrical engineering, Kaitlyn maintains a focus in power systems, power electronics, controls, and microgrids. Through her current role within Rocky Mountain Institute, Kaitlyn is expanding her technical expertise to include aspects such as economics and policy. She has been the lead engineer with several microgrid assessments and utility models with the RMI-CWR Islands Energy Program.
Flinders Island Isolated Power System (IPS) Connect 2016 S KILMETE PUCjames hamilton
The Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) is a grouping of 607 small islands in the Western Pacific about 2,500 miles southwest of Hawaii, lying just above the Equator. Generally speaking, FSM comprises what is known as the Eastern and Western Caroline Islands. While the country's total land area amounts to only 270.8 square miles, it occupies more than one million square miles of the Pacific ocean, and ranges 1,700 miles from East (Kosrae) to West (Yap)- Each of the four States centers around one or more "high islands." and all but Kosrae include numerous atolls.
Chuuk State has a total land area of 492 square miles and includes seven major island groups. Pohnpei State has 133.4 square miles of land area, of which 130 is accounted for by Pohnpei island, the largest in FSM. Yap State is made up of 4 large islands, 7 small islands and 134 atolls, with a total land area of 45.6 square miles- Kosrae is essentially one high island of 42.3 square miles.
FSM enjoys a tropical climate, with relatively even, warm temperatures throughout the year. Rainfall is generally plentiful, and Pohnpei reputedly is one of the wettest places on Earth, with up to 330 inches of rain per year.
This document discusses the metrology of threads. It begins by defining external and internal threads and providing examples. It then defines various thread terminology including pitch, lead, crest, flank, root, major diameter, minor diameter, effective diameter, depth of thread, angle of thread, and others. It describes various types of thread forms and types of errors in threads. The document outlines various measurement methods for elements of a thread like major diameter, minor diameter, effective diameter, and pitch. It also discusses gear terminology and types of gears like spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, worm gears, and rack and pinion gears.
Punjab SERC (Forecasting, Scheduling, Deviation Settlement and Related Matte...Das A. K.
This document outlines regulations for forecasting, scheduling, and deviation settlement of solar and wind generation sources in Punjab, India. It defines key terms and establishes requirements for wind and solar generators to register with the state load dispatch center and provide forecasts, schedules, technical data and weather data. Generators must forecast day-ahead and week-ahead and can revise schedules up to 16 times per day. Deviation charges will be paid into a state pool account for errors over 10% between actual and scheduled generation. A qualified coordinating agency can coordinate schedules and settlements on behalf of generators connected to the same pooling station.
This document outlines regulations established by the Uttar Pradesh Electricity Regulatory Commission (UPERC) regarding captive and non-conventional energy generating plants in Uttar Pradesh. The regulations cover topics such as the scope and application of the regulations, obligations and duties of captive generating plants, open access provisions, tariffs, and sale of surplus power. Key points include:
- The regulations apply to all existing and proposed captive generating plants of 1 MW or larger in Uttar Pradesh.
- Captive plants must abide by technical standards and grid discipline. They have rights to open access transmission.
- Captive plants can sell surplus power to distribution licensees via power purchase agreements approved by UPERC
GERC (Forecasting, Scheduling, Deviation Settlement and Related Matters of So...Das A. K.
This document outlines regulations for forecasting, scheduling, and deviation settlement related to solar and wind power generation sources in Gujarat, India. Key points:
- The regulations apply to all wind and solar generators over 1 MW connected to the state grid and selling power within or outside the state.
- Generators/qualified coordinating agencies must provide day-ahead and week-ahead forecasts and are allowed to revise schedules intraday. Forecasts and schedules are submitted to the state load dispatch center.
- Deviations from schedules will result in commercial impacts that are borne by the generators. Qualified coordinating agencies can represent generators and be responsible for deviation charges.
- The regulations establish definitions, objectives, roles
The notification outlines rules established by the Government of India's Ministry of Power regarding various aspects of electricity regulation and governance as authorized by the Electricity Act of 2003. Key points covered include:
- Defining requirements for captive power plants, including minimum ownership and consumption levels.
- Clarifying what systems fall under distribution licenses.
- Specifying obligations of transmission licensees to comply with dispatch center directions and potential consequences for failure to maintain availability.
- Addressing appeals processes, jurisdiction of courts, and procedures for cognizance of offenses.
- Covering tariffs of generating companies, inter-state trading licenses, and other regulatory and administrative details.
The Connection Code shall undergo thorough revision and harmonization process by Member States aiming at setting values/ranges of parameters – as specified in Chapter CC 10 ANNEX B – Reference parameters – and aiming at fine-tuning the necessary procedures. The subjects of this Code include:
a) the operational characteristics and performance of the Grids at the Connection Points (Chapter CC 2);
b) the procedure for the connection of Power-Generating Facilities, HVDC Systems, and Demand Facilities to the Grids (Chapter CC 3);
c) the connection requirements that are common for all Power-Generating Facilities, HVDC Systems and Demand Facilities (Chapter CC 4);
d) the minimum necessary technical requirements for the design criteria and operational capabilities of:
i. Power-Generating Facilities (Chapter CC 5);
ii. HVDC systems (Chapter CC 6);
iii. Demand Facilities (Chapter CC 7)
e) a set of guidelines for the definition of connection requirements for Distributed Generation (Chapter CC 8). Specifically, the requirements of this Code apply to the Power-Generating Facilities, HVDC Systems, and Demand Facilities that meet the following criteria:
a) systems that are not connected to the Transmission System as of the adoption date of this Connection Code;
b) existing systems, in case of significant changes or partial/total reconstruction.
Forecasting, scheduling and im balance handling forJay Ranvir
This document outlines procedures for implementing a framework for forecasting, scheduling, and imbalance handling for renewable energy (RE) generating stations including wind and solar power parks at the inter-state level in India. Key points:
- The procedure is applicable to RE generators connected to the inter-state transmission system and having over 50MW capacity, as well as solar/wind parks and generators acting as lead/principal generators.
- It defines roles for RE generators, load dispatch centers, regional power committees, and others. Generators must provide forecasts, schedules, real-time data and monthly data. Load centers coordinate scheduling and handle forecasting.
- The procedure covers connectivity applications, scheduling, metering requirements, energy accounting
The document provides information on captive power plants under the Electricity Act of 2003 in India. Some key points:
1. A captive power plant is defined as a power plant set up primarily for a person's own use, including for cooperatives or associations for members' use.
2. For a plant to be classified as captive, 26% ownership must be held by captive users and 51% of annual generation must be consumed by captive users.
3. Captive plants are exempt from licensing and can access open transmission lines, subject to availability. They also pay no cross-subsidy surcharges.
4. Group captive plants allow multiple commercial consumers to jointly set up a plant meeting the 26
Punjab State Electricity Regulatory Commission (Forecasting, Scheduling, Devi...Das A. K.
Punjab State Electricity Regulatory Commission (Forecasting,
Scheduling, Deviation Settlement and Related Matters of Solar and Wind Generation Sources) Regulations,
2019
The document summarizes the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (Terms and Conditions of Tariff) Regulations, 2004. The regulations establish guidelines for determining tariffs for electricity generation and transmission in India. Key points include:
1) The regulations establish norms for determining tariffs and come into effect on April 1, 2004 for a period of 5 years.
2) Tariffs will be determined separately for each stage of generation or transmission projects.
3) Guidelines are provided for filing tariff applications, determination of capital costs, operation and maintenance costs, taxes, and other cost recovery elements.
4) Detailed definitions are provided for terms related to thermal power generation.
Cerc open access-in-inter-state-transmission-regulations-2008vikrantdesh
This document summarizes the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission's Notification No. L-7/105(121)/2007-CERC dated January 25, 2008 regarding the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (Open Access in inter-State Transmission) Regulations, 2008.
The notification defines key terms related to open access in inter-state transmission, establishes the nodal agency for bilateral and collective transactions, outlines the process for applying for short-term open access including application requirements and fees, and requires concurrence from the State Load Despatch Centre for transactions involving state utilities or intra-state entities. It also provides for deemed concurrence if the SLDC does not respond within specified timelines.
The document discusses the evolution of India's power tariff system from pre-1992 to the introduction of the availability based tariff (ABT) system in 2002. It provides details on the key components of ABT including capacity charges, energy charges, unscheduled interchange charges, and incentives. It also defines availability under ABT as the declared capacity of a generator accounting for planned and unplanned outages. The document outlines the methodology for generation scheduling under ABT and provisions for revising schedules due to outages or transmission constraints. It discusses capacity charges calculation and penalty for misdeclaration of capacity.
Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (Deviation Settlement Mechanism and related matters) (Fourth Amendment) Regulations, 2018 effective from 01.01.2019
The Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission (GERC) has amended its previous Net Metering Rooftop Solar PV Grid Interactive Systems Regulations of 2016. The key amendments are:
1) Residential consumers in Gujarat can now install rooftop solar capacity irrespective of their sanctioned load. Previously there was a limit based on sanctioned load.
2) The application process for connecting rooftop solar to the distribution network has been updated to remove the capacity limit requirement, except for non-residential consumers which still have a 50% of load limit for the first 2 years.
3) The interconnection agreement annex has been updated to reflect the new policy that residential consumers can
The document outlines the open access charges in Chhattisgarh that were approved and made effective from April 1, 2018. This includes transmission charges, energy losses for transmission and distribution, wheeling charges, operating charges, reactive energy charges, cross subsidy surcharge, and standby charges for consumers availing open access. It also provides details on zero transmission, wheeling and SLDC charges for renewable energy transactions, but a 6% energy loss charge and reduced cross subsidy surcharge of 50% for renewable generators. Standby charges are 1.5-2 times the average tariff depending on drawal within or in excess of contracted capacity during outage.
The Electric Power Crisis Act of 1993 aimed to address the electric power crisis in the Philippines that was disrupting the economy and society. Key provisions included:
1) Allowing the President to negotiate contracts for power infrastructure projects under certain conditions.
2) Authorizing the President to set the rate of return for the National Power Corporation to no more than 12% and regulate rate increases.
3) Empowering the President to reorganize the National Power Corporation to make it more effective in addressing the crisis.
4) Requiring the Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corporation to provide a 10% annual subsidy to the National Power Corporation for 5 years.
This document is a resolution that amends some provisions of an earlier resolution regulating the registration and use of radio frequencies and equipment in Oman. It makes changes to articles 3, 4, 8, 9 and some tables in the attached regulation. It replaces the text of some articles and tables with new text. It also adds some definitions to article 1 and replaces annexes A, B and C. The changes aim to update the regulations organizing the registration and use of frequencies and radio equipment and their pricing.
The document provides an overview of the Indian Electricity Act of 2003 and its amendments. Some key points:
- The Act was enacted to consolidate laws around electricity generation, transmission, distribution and use. It aims to promote competition and protect consumer interests.
- It establishes regulatory commissions and an appellate tribunal to regulate tariffs and resolve disputes.
- Amendments in 2007 focused on rural electrification, reducing cross-subsidies gradually, and recognizing power theft as a criminal offense.
- Proposed 2014 amendments aim to enforce grid security, promote renewable energy, streamline tariff determination and encourage retail competition.
This document outlines regulations established by the Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission regarding standards of performance for distribution licensees. It defines key terms and sets timelines for licensees to complete inspections, provide cost estimates, and give new electricity connections. Standards are established for reliability of supply, metering, reconnections, and other services. Formulas are provided to calculate reliability indices like SAIDI, SAIFI and CAIDI to measure system interruptions. The regulations also determine the process for consumers to claim compensation if licensees fail to meet the performance standards.
Rajasthan Net Metering Regulations 2015 released by Rajasthan Regulatory Commission (RERC).
This document is not a work of Headway Solar (http://headwaysolar.com/) and it has been released here for the benefit of the general public.
UN WOD 2024 will take us on a journey of discovery through the ocean's vastness, tapping into the wisdom and expertise of global policy-makers, scientists, managers, thought leaders, and artists to awaken new depths of understanding, compassion, collaboration and commitment for the ocean and all it sustains. The program will expand our perspectives and appreciation for our blue planet, build new foundations for our relationship to the ocean, and ignite a wave of action toward necessary change.
This report explores the significance of border towns and spaces for strengthening responses to young people on the move. In particular it explores the linkages of young people to local service centres with the aim of further developing service, protection, and support strategies for migrant children in border areas across the region. The report is based on a small-scale fieldwork study in the border towns of Chipata and Katete in Zambia conducted in July 2023. Border towns and spaces provide a rich source of information about issues related to the informal or irregular movement of young people across borders, including smuggling and trafficking. They can help build a picture of the nature and scope of the type of movement young migrants undertake and also the forms of protection available to them. Border towns and spaces also provide a lens through which we can better understand the vulnerabilities of young people on the move and, critically, the strategies they use to navigate challenges and access support.
The findings in this report highlight some of the key factors shaping the experiences and vulnerabilities of young people on the move – particularly their proximity to border spaces and how this affects the risks that they face. The report describes strategies that young people on the move employ to remain below the radar of visibility to state and non-state actors due to fear of arrest, detention, and deportation while also trying to keep themselves safe and access support in border towns. These strategies of (in)visibility provide a way to protect themselves yet at the same time also heighten some of the risks young people face as their vulnerabilities are not always recognised by those who could offer support.
In this report we show that the realities and challenges of life and migration in this region and in Zambia need to be better understood for support to be strengthened and tuned to meet the specific needs of young people on the move. This includes understanding the role of state and non-state stakeholders, the impact of laws and policies and, critically, the experiences of the young people themselves. We provide recommendations for immediate action, recommendations for programming to support young people on the move in the two towns that would reduce risk for young people in this area, and recommendations for longer term policy advocacy.
How To Cultivate Community Affinity Throughout The Generosity JourneyAggregage
This session will dive into how to create rich generosity experiences that foster long-lasting relationships. You’ll walk away with actionable insights to redefine how you engage with your supporters — emphasizing trust, engagement, and community!
AHMR is an interdisciplinary peer-reviewed online journal created to encourage and facilitate the study of all aspects (socio-economic, political, legislative and developmental) of Human Mobility in Africa. Through the publication of original research, policy discussions and evidence research papers AHMR provides a comprehensive forum devoted exclusively to the analysis of contemporaneous trends, migration patterns and some of the most important migration-related issues.
karnataka housing board schemes . all schemesnarinav14
The Karnataka government, along with the central government’s Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY), offers various housing schemes to cater to the diverse needs of citizens across the state. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the major housing schemes available in the Karnataka housing board for both urban and rural areas in 2024.
Combined Illegal, Unregulated and Unreported (IUU) Vessel List.Christina Parmionova
The best available, up-to-date information on all fishing and related vessels that appear on the illegal, unregulated, and unreported (IUU) fishing vessel lists published by Regional Fisheries Management Organisations (RFMOs) and related organisations. The aim of the site is to improve the effectiveness of the original IUU lists as a tool for a wide variety of stakeholders to better understand and combat illegal fishing and broader fisheries crime.
To date, the following regional organisations maintain or share lists of vessels that have been found to carry out or support IUU fishing within their own or adjacent convention areas and/or species of competence:
Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR)
Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT)
General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM)
Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC)
International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT)
Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC)
Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (NAFO)
North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC)
North Pacific Fisheries Commission (NPFC)
South East Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (SEAFO)
South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (SPRFMO)
Southern Indian Ocean Fisheries Agreement (SIOFA)
Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC)
The Combined IUU Fishing Vessel List merges all these sources into one list that provides a single reference point to identify whether a vessel is currently IUU listed. Vessels that have been IUU listed in the past and subsequently delisted (for example because of a change in ownership, or because the vessel is no longer in service) are also retained on the site, so that the site contains a full historic record of IUU listed fishing vessels.
Unlike the IUU lists published on individual RFMO websites, which may update vessel details infrequently or not at all, the Combined IUU Fishing Vessel List is kept up to date with the best available information regarding changes to vessel identity, flag state, ownership, location, and operations.
RFP for Reno's Community Assistance CenterThis Is Reno
Property appraisals completed in May for downtown Reno’s Community Assistance and Triage Centers (CAC) reveal that repairing the buildings to bring them back into service would cost an estimated $10.1 million—nearly four times the amount previously reported by city staff.
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
Indira awas yojana housing scheme renamed as PMAYnarinav14
Indira Awas Yojana (IAY) played a significant role in addressing rural housing needs in India. It emerged as a comprehensive program for affordable housing solutions in rural areas, predating the government’s broader focus on mass housing initiatives.
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CENTRAL ELECTRICITY REGULATORY COMMISSION
NEW DELHI
6th
January, 2014
NOTIFICATION
No.L-1/18/2010-CERC:In exercise of powers conferred under clause (h) of sub-
section (1) of Section 79 read with clause (g) of sub-section (2) of Section 178 of the
Electricity Act, 2003 (36 of 2003), and all other powers enabling it in this behalf, the
Central Electricity Regulatory Commission hereby makes the following regulations to
amend the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (Indian Electricity Grid Code)
Regulations, 2010 including the first amendment thereof (hereinafter referred to as
“the Principal Regulations”).
1. Short title and commencement
(1) These Regulations may be called the Central Electricity Regulatory
Commission (Indian Electricity Grid Code) (Second Amendment) Regulations,
2014.
(2) These Regulations shall come into force with effect from 17.2.2014.
2. Amendment in Regulation 2 of Principal Regulations.-Following new clauses
shall be added after clause (gggg) of sub-Regulation (1) of Regulation 2 of
Principal Regulations as under, namely:
“(hhhh) Deviation Settlement Mechanism Regulations meansCentral
Electricity Regulatory Commission (Deviation Settlement Mechanism and
related matters) Regulations, 2014 including any subsequent amendments
thereof;
(iiii) Pooling Station means the sub-station where pooling of generation of
individual wind generators or solar generators is done for interfacing with the
next higher voltage level:
Provided that where there is no separate pooling station for a wind / solar
generator and the generating station is connected through common feeder
and terminated at a sub-station of distribution company/STU/ CTU, the sub-
2. Page 2 of 7
station of distribution company/STU/CTU shall be considered as the pooling
station for such wind/solar generator, as the case may be.
3. Amendment in Regulation 5 of the Principal Regulations:
(1) Sub-regulation (f) (ii)(a) of Regulation 5.2 of the Principal Regulations shall
stand modified as under:
“There should not be any reduction in generation in case of improvement in
grid frequency below 50.05 Hz (for example, if grid frequency changes from
49.9 to 49.95 Hz, there shall not be any reduction in generation). For any fall
in grid frequency, generation from the unit should increase by 5% limited to
105 % of the MCR of the unit subject to machine capability.”
(2) In sub-regulation (i) of Regulation 5.2 of the Principal Regulations, the
following sentence shall stand deleted:
"However, if frequency falls below 49.8 Hz, all partly loaded generating
shall pick up additional load at a faster rate, according to their
capability".
(3) In sub-regulation (j) of Regulation 5.2 of the Principal Regulations, the words
"particularly when frequency is falling or is below 49.7 Hz" shall stand
deleted.
(4) In sub-regulation (m) of Regulation 5.2 of the Principal Regulations, the
words and figures "49.7-50.2 Hz" shall be substituted with the words and
figures "49.90-50.05 Hz".
(5) In sub-regulation (a) of Regulation 5.4.2 of the Principal Regulations, the
following phrase "whenever the system frequency falls to 49.8 Hz" shall stand
deleted.
(6) In sub-regulation (b) of Regulation 5.4.2 of the Principal Regulations, the
following phrase "when frequency is 49.7 Hz or below" shall stand deleted.
(7) Sub-regulation (g) of Regulation 5.4.2 of the Principal Regulations shall be
substituted with the following:
"(g) RLDCs shall devise standard instantaneous message formats in order to
give directions in case of contingencies and/or threat to the system security to
reduce deviation from schedule by the bulk consumer, SLDC/StateUtility/
ISGS/Regional Entity/Injecting Utility at different overdrawal/under-
drawal/over-injection/under-injectionconditions depending upon the severity.
The concerned SLDC/other regional entity shall ensure immediate compliance
with these directions of RLDC and send a compliance report to the concerned
3. Page 3 of 7
RLDC."
4. Amendment in Regulation 6 of the Principal Regulations:
(1) Regulation 6.4.6 of Principal Regulations shall be substituted with the
following:
"The system of each regional entity shall be treated and operated as notional
control area. The algebraic summation of scheduled drawal from ISGS and
from contracts through long–term access, medium-term and short–term open
access arrangements shall provide the drawal schedule of each regional
entity, and this shall be determined in advance on day-ahead basis.
Theregional entities shall regulate their generation and/or consumers’ load so
as to maintain their actual drawal from the regional grid close to the
aboveschedule. Maximum inadvertent deviation allowed during a time block
shall not exceed the limits specified in the Deviation Settlement Mechanism
Regulations.Such deviations should not cause system parameters to
deteriorate beyond permissible limits and should not lead to unacceptable line
loadings. Inadvertent deviations, if any, from net drawal schedule shall be
priced through theDeviation Settlement mechanism as specified by the
Central Commission from time to time. Every regional entity shall ensure
reversal of sign of deviation from schedule at least once after everytwelvetime
blocks."
(2) Regulation 6.4.7 of Principal Regulations shall be substituted with the
following:
"7. The SLDC, SEB / distribution licensee shall always restrict the net drawal
of the state from the grid within the drawal scheduleskeepingthe deviations
from the schedule within the limits specified in the Deviation Settlement
Mechanism Regulations. The concerned SEB/distribution licensee/User,
SLDC shall ensure that their automatic demand management scheme
mentioned in clause 5.4.2 acts to ensure that there is no over-drawal. If the
automatic demand management scheme has not yet been commissioned,
then action shall be taken as per manual demand management scheme to
restrict the net drawal from grid to within schedulesand all actions for early
commissioning of Automatic Demand Management Scheme (ADMS)shall be
initiated
(3) Regulation 6.4.10 of Principal Regulations shall be substituted with the
following:
"10. The ISGS is normally expected to generate power according to the daily
schedules advised to them barring any inadvertent deviations. Maximum
deviation allowed during a time block shall not exceed the limits specified in
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the Deviation Settlement Mechanism Regulations. Such deviations should not
cause system parameters to deteriorate beyond permissible limits and should
not lead tounacceptable line loadings. Inadvertent deviations, if any, from the
ex-power plant generation schedules shall be appropriately priced in
accordance with Deviation Settlement Mechanism Regulations. In addition,
deviations from schedules causing congestion, shall also be priced in
accordance with the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (Measure to
relieve congestion in real time operation) Regulations, 2009."
(4) Regulation 6.4.11 of Principal Regulations shall stand deleted.
(5) Regulation 6.4.12 of Principal Regulations shall be substituted with the
following:
"12. Notwithstanding the above,the RLDC may direct the SLDCs/ISGS/
other regional entities to increase/decrease their drawal/generation in case of
contingencies e.g. overloading of lines/transformers, abnormal voltages,
threat to system security. Such directions shall immediately be acted upon. In
case the situation does not call for very urgent action, and RLDC has some
time for analysis, it shall be checked whether the situation has arisen due to
deviations from schedules. These shall be got terminated first, through
appropriate measure like opening of feeders , if considered necessary by
SLDC/RLDC, before an action, which would affect the scheduled supplies to
the long term, medium term customers or short term customers is initiated in
accordance with Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (Grant of
Connectivity, Long-term Access and Medium-term Open Access in InterState
Transmission and Related matters) Regulations, 2009 and Central Electricity
Regulatory Commission (Open Access in Inter-State Transmission)
Regulations, 2008.
In case Short Term/Medium Term Open Access or Long Term Access are
curtailed, RLDC(s) shall submit a report regarding the reasons due to which it
was not able to curtail deviations from Schedule and agencies which had not
taken necessary actions."
(6) Regulation 6.4.15 of the Principal Regulations shall stand deleted.
(7) Regulation 6.4.24 of Principal Regulations shall be substituted with the following:
"24.Hydro generating stations are expected to respond to grid frequency
changes and inflow fluctuations. Maximum deviation allowed during a time block
shall be as per the CERC Deviation Settlement Mechanism Regulations."
(8)Regulation 6.5.9 of Principal Regulations shall stand deleted.
5. Page 5 of 7
(9) Regulation 6.5.13 of the Principal Regulations shall be substituted with the
following:
"13.The schedule finalized by the concerned load despatchcentre for hydro
generating station, shall normally be such that the scheduled energy for a day
equals the total energy (ex-bus) expected to be available on that day, as
declared by the generating station, based on foreseen/planned water
availability/release. It is also expected that the total net energy actually supplied
by the generating station on that day would equal the declared total energy, in
order that the water release requirement is met."
(10) Regulation 6.5.17 of Principal Regulations shall be substituted with the
following:
“17.In case of any grid disturbance, scheduled generation of all the ISGSs
supplying power under long term / medium term/short term shall be deemed to
have been revised to be equal to their actual generation and the scheduled
drawals of the beneficiaries/buyers shall be deemed to have been revised
accordingly for all the time blocks affected by the grid disturbance. Certification
of grid disturbance and its duration shall be done by the RLDC.
The declaration of disturbance shall be done by the concerned RLDC at the
earliest. A notice to this effect shall be posted at its website by the RLDC of the
region in which the disturbance occurred. Issue of the notice at RLDC web site
shall be considered as declaration of the disturbance by RLDC. All regional
entities shall take note of the disturbance and take appropriate action their end.
For Bilateral short term and collective transactions, the methodology of
settlement of accounts for the period of Grid Disturbance shall be formulated by
National Power Committee(NPC) and same shall be put up to the Commission
for approval. The methodology shall cover all possible scenarios with illustrative
examples to cover the instances where the Grid disturbance is either partial or it
affects only one region.
(11) The Regulation 6.5.18 of the Principal Regulations shall be substituted with the
following:
“18. Revision of declared capability by the ISGS(s) having two part tariff with
capacity charge and energy charge (except hydro stations) and requisition by
beneficiary(ies) for the remaining period of the day shall also be permitted
with advance notice. Revised schedules/declared capability in such cases
shall become effective from the 4th time block, counting the time block in
which the request for revision has been received in the RLDC to be the first
one.”
(12) Regulation 6.5.23 of the Principal Regulations shall be substituted as under:
6. Page 6 of 7
“23.With effect from 15.7.2013, Scheduling of wind power generation plants
would have to be done where the sum of generation capacity of such plants
connected at the connection points (called Pooling stations) to the transmission
or distribution system is 10 MW and above and connection point is 33 kV and
above, for pooling stations commissioned after 3.05.2010. For capacity and
voltage level below this, as well as for old wind farms (A wind farm is collection
of wind turbine generators that are connected to a common connection point), it
could be mutually decided between the Wind Generator and the transmission or
distribution utility, as the case may be, if there is no existing contractual
agreement to the contrary. The schedule by wind power generating stations
(excluding collective transactions) may be revised by giving advance notice to
SLDC/RLDC, as the case may be. Such revisions by wind power generating
stations shall be effective from 6th time block, the first being the time-block in
which notice was given. There may be one revision for each time slot of 3 hours
starting from 00:00 hours of a particular day subject to maximum of 8 revisions
during the day.
(13)Regulation 6.5.34 of the Principal Regulations shall be substituted as under:
"34. While availability declaration by ISGS shall have a resolution of one decimal
(0.1) MWand one decimal (0.1) MWh, all entitlements, requisitions and
schedules shall be rounded off to the nearest two decimals at each control area
boundary for each of the transaction, and shall have a resolution of 0.01 MW.”
(14) Para 5 of Annexure-1 to the Grid Code (Complimentary Commercial
Mechanism) shall be substituted as under:
“5.The wind generators shall be responsible for forecasting their generation upto
an accuracy of 70%. Therefore, if the actual generation is beyond +/- 30% of the
schedule, wind generator would have to bear the UI charges. For actual
generation within +/- 30% of the schedule, no deviation would be
payable/receivable by Generator, The host state , shall bear the deviation
charges for this variation, i.e within +/- 30%. However, the deviationcharges
borne by the host State due to the wind generation, shall be shared among all
the States of the country in the ratio of their peak demands in the previous month
based on the data published by CEA, in the form of a regulatory charge known
as the Renewable Regulatory Charge operated through the Renewable
Regulatory Fund (RRF). This provision shall be applicable with effect from such
date as may be notified by the Commission.
(A.K.Saxena)
Chief (Engg.)
7. Page 7 of 7
Note: Principal Regulations were published in Gazette of India, Extraordinary, Part-
III, Section 4 at Serial No. 115 on 28.4.2010 and the first amendment to the Principal
Regulations were published in the Gazette of India, Extraordinary, Part-III, Section 4
at Serial No. 60 on 6th March, 2012.