Utilisation of solid -timber Forestry BioMass and post-harvest residues (timber and other agricultural operations) for use as feedstock to fuel Renewable-Eenergy power plants.

1. Amandla Resource Development Associates: Zululand Centre for Sustainable Development [ZCSD] & “Ecosystems”. Realising Africa’s natural potential through renewable resource management Biomass Potential & Feedstock Availability for: A. “Renewables” Power-plant B. Torrefied Wood-pellets for Export C. Combination Export Pellets + Co-Generation

12. Biomass costs to harvest GE at ZCSD: April 2009 Description of biomass Estimated R/ton cost to Harvest Estimated payment to supplier Sub Total Transport Sub Total 0-50 km Profit @ 15% or handling fee Estimated Landed price /Ton Margin Timber stumps (chips) 225.0 0.0 225.0 48.0 273.0 41.0 R 314 15% Timber brush (bundles) 217.0 25.0 242.0 38.0 280.0 42.0 R 322 15% Timber brush (chips) 144.0 25.0 169.0 48.0 217.0 32.6 R 250 15% RBM (Indigenous bush clear) 183.0 60.0 243.0 38.0 281.0 42.2 R 323 15% Other( pallets, sawdust, wood off-cuts for sawmills) 100.0 25.0 125.0 38.0 163.0 24.5 R 187 15% Sugar cane trash (bales) 161.0 75.0 236.0 38.0 274.0 41.1 R 315 15% Garden waste (chips) 120.0 0.0 120.0 18.0 138.0 20.7 R 159 15% Timber brush from Mbazwane Forests (chips) 119.0 25.0 144.0 175.0 319.0 47.9 R 367 15% Total Biomass Average price R 280

13. Power demand: in Richards Bay, KZN. Company MW BHP Billiton 200 BHP Billiton Expansion projects 250 Tata Steel 150 Pulp United 55 Foskor 32 Archean India 80 Mauri British Foods 10 Total Power Required 777

15. Biomass harvesting- Timber stumps into chips Tonnage available R’Bay Area 177,000 Source Mondi, Sappi, DAFF. Amalala Group. Form of biomass Chips (Chipped on-site) Distance from site 0-50km

16. Biomass harvesting- Timber Brush into bundles Tonnage available R’Bay Area 81,000 Source Sappi and Mondi Amalala Group DAFF + Others Form of biomass Bundles Distance from site 0-50km

17. Biomass harvesting- Timber Brush into chips Tonnage available R’Bay area 180,000 Source Sappi, RBM Form of biomass Chips Distance from site 0-50km

18. Biomass harvesting – Other” (pallets, garden waste, sawmill waste into chips): Tonnage available R’Bay Area 20,000 Source Local Sawmills, factories, municipality Form of biomass Chips/ shredded Distance from site 0-50km

19. Biomass harvesting- Sugar cane into bales Tonnage available R’Bay Area 586,000 to 1m tonne or more Source Felixton and Umfolozi cane growers, Mtunzini, Noodsberg areas Form of biomass Bales of sun-dried cane tops and post-harvest trash Distance from site 0-80km but less than 30km is optimum

20. Biomass logistics systems and related costs: Cost per ton (0- 50km) R38.00/ton Cost per ton ( 150-200km) R170.00/ton Form of biomass Chips & Logs Distance from site 0 - 200km

22. Explanation of the terms used (contd): Brushwood Coppice Cane Trash Burnt Cane

23. Equipment Used: Brush Bundler

24. Equipment Used: Loaders & Forwarders Bell Timber Loader Bell Forwarder JD Forwarder

25. Equipment Used: CBI Chipper

26. Equipment Used: Cane /Maize stalk Baler

29. The End Original presentation by Gavin Eichler : General Manager ZCSD 2009 www.amandlaresources.com