The document discusses the costs of lack of safety for various parties in the utility industry in the 1990s. Deregulation led to more outsourcing of work to contractors who often lacked adequate training and supervision of workers. This resulted in more accidents and fatalities, especially among contractors. Accidents imposed costs on employers in terms of workers compensation, fines, litigation, and equipment damage. Lack of safety also increased costs for manufacturers and customers through higher insurance premiums, liability costs, and decreased availability and flexibility of equipment designs.