The document discusses various notations, symbols, and nomenclature used in heat exchanger design and analysis including definitions of parameters like heat transfer coefficients, temperature differences, densities, and other thermal and fluid properties. It also provides references for standards and design methods from publications on topics like compact heat exchangers, heat exchanger design handbooks, and specifications for plate-fin heat exchangers. The notations are presented in SI and Imperial units.

1. B Defined by Equation (13), Chapter 7 - -
C Coefficient, defined by Equation (14), Chapter 7 W/m3
K Btu/ft2
F
Cp Specific heat J/kg K Btu/lb F
dh Hydraulic diameter of passage m ft
f Fanning friction factor - -
F Force N lb
Gm Mass flux/velocity of a stream kg/m2
s lb/ft2
hr
h Fin height mm in
H Stacking height of a core mm in
j Colburn factor for a finned passage - -
K Expansion/contraction/turning loss coefficient - -
lp Passage length mm in
L Core length mm in
LMTD Logarithmic mean temperature difference K F
M Moment Nm lb ft
MTD Mean temperature difference K F
p Fin pitch mm in
Pr Prandtl number - -
Q Overall heat duty; heat to be transferred W Btu
r Fouling resistance m2
K/W ft2
F hr/Btu
s Distance between the extreme bolts in a given plane mm in
t Fin thickness mm in
U Overall heat transfer coefficient between streams W/m2
K Btuhr ft2
F
W Width of core mm in
X Required clearance distance mm in
Greek
l Coefficient of linear expansion at average temperature m/m K ft/ft F
o Effective heat transfer coefficient of a stream W/m2
K Btuhr ft2
F
 Heat transfer coefficient of a stream W/m2
K Btuhr ft2
F
 Defined by Equation (11), Chapter 7 - -
 Defined by Equation (12), Chapter 7 - -
P Overall pressure drop N/m2
(Pa) lb/in2
TR Temperature range at support K F
1 Passage fin efficiency for single banking - -
2 Passage fin efficiency for double banking - -
m Thermal conductivity of fin material W/m K Btuhr ft F
 Density of stream kg/m3
lb/ft3
 Unperforated fraction of fin - -
Notation
Notation
SI IMPERIAL
A Effective heat transfer surface of a passage or layer m2
ft2
Ad Designed or estimated overall effective heat transfer surface m2
ft2
Ar Required overall effective heat transfer surface m2
ft2
A1 Primary heat transfer surface of a stream m2
ft2
A2 Secondary heat transfer surface of a stream m2
ft2
ls Serration length or distance between crests on herringbone fins mm in
n Fin density m-1
in-1
V Volume of heat exchanger or exchangers m3
ft3
T Local temperature difference between warm and cold streams K F
Subscripts
c Cold stream w Warm stream
i Section x,y,z Direction
STANDARDS OF THE BRAZED ALUMINIUM PLATE-FIN HEAT EXCHANGER MANUFACTURER'S ASSOCIATION  63

3. References
References
(1) Ward, J.A., "Effectiveness-NTU Relationships", Data Item 86018, Engineering Sciences Data
Unit, London, 1986.
(2) Kays, W.M. and London, A.L., "Compact Heat Exchangers", McGraw Hill, New York, Third
Edition, 1984.
(3) Taborek, J. and Spalding, D.B., "Heat Exchanger Design Handbook", Hemisphere Publishing
Corporation, 1983.
(4) Taylor, M.A., "Plate-Fin Heat Exchangers - Guide to Their Specification and Use", HTFS, 392.7
Harwell, Oxon, OX11 0RA, UK. 1987.
STANDARDS OF THE BRAZED ALUMINIUM PLATE-FIN HEAT EXCHANGER MANUFACTURER'S ASSOCIATION  65

5. Index
Index
Acceptable Fluids ...........................................2
AD-Merkblätter .............................................35
Aftercooler ......................................................2
Air Separation Unit(ASU)................................2
Air test ..........................................................36
Ammonia .................................................... 2, 3
Angle Bracket Support Arrangement ............ 26
Argon...............................................................3
AS 1210........................................................35
ASME VIll, Div. 1 ..........................................35
Asphyxiation .................................................32
Atmospheric Corrosion .................................62
Banking
Multiple .....................................................46
Single........................................................46
Beams
Support .....................................................23
Block (core) ....................................................4
Blocking of Layers ........................................22
Burst test method..........................................41
Butane .............................................................3
Cap sheet .......................................................4
Cap Sheets...................................................41
Carbon Dioxide........................................... 2, 3
Carbon Monoxide ....................................... 2, 3
Cascade Cooling...............................................3
Chillers ...........................................................2
Chlorine..........................................................2
Choice of Fin Geometry................................54
Cleaning ................................................. 20, 59
Solvent......................................................59
CODAP.........................................................35
Code Data Reports.......................................19
Codes for Construction .................................35
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion ................. 28
Colburn Factor..............................................50
Cold Boxes ...................................................32
Components
of an Exchanger..........................................4
of Manifolded Exchangers...........................5
Condenser
Overhead ....................................................2
Condensers ....................................................2
Connection Options
Flanges.......................................................6
Stub Ends ...................................................6
Transition Joints..........................................6
CONTRACTUAL INFORMATION................. 17
Cool-down ....................................................31
Core (block)....................................................4
Core Volume
Estimation .................................................52
Corrosion ......................................................60
Acidic Environments..................................61
Alkaline Environments...............................61
Atmospheric or Environmental...................62
Environments containing Mercury..............61
Water ........................................................60
Corrosion Allowances ...................................38
Damage........................................................33
Definition.......................................................35
Dephlegmators ...............................................2
Deplugging....................................................60
Description
General .......................................................1
DESIGN
HYDRAULIC .......................................45–55
THERMAL ...........................................45–55
Design Code.................................................17
Design Pressures..........................................35
Design Temperature .....................................37
Distributor
Central ......................................................10
Diagonal....................................................10
Double Entry/Exit.......................................10
End..............................................................9
Intermediate ................................................9
Mitre..........................................................10
Side.............................................................9
Special ........................................................9
Split Flow...................................................10
Distributor fins.................................................4
Drawings.......................................................18
Approval and Change................................18
for Record .................................................18
Information ................................................18
Proprietary Rights......................................19
Drying ...........................................................20
Dummy Passages.........................................20
Dutch Pressure Vessel Code ........................35
Ethane .............................................................3
Ethylene...........................................................3
Exchanger
block (core) .................................................1
cap sheets...................................................1
inlet ports.....................................................1
layers (passages) ........................................1
multi-stream ................................................1
outlet ports ..................................................1
parting sheets..............................................1
side bars......................................................1
size..............................................................1
FABRICATION........................................17–22
Failure Mechanism........................................57
STANDARDS OF THE BRAZED ALUMINIUM PLATE-FIN HEAT EXCHANGER MANUFACTURER'S ASSOCIATION  67

6. Index
Field Testing................................................. 29
Filters ........................................................... 31
Fin Corrugations............................................. 8
Fin Dimensions............................................... 9
Definition..................................................... 9
Fins Per Inch (FPI)...................................... 9
Percentage Perforation ............................... 9
Fin Geometry
Choice of................................................... 54
Fin Types........................................................ 8
Fins .............................................................. 41
Herringbone................................................ 8
Perforated................................................... 8
Plain............................................................ 8
Serrated...................................................... 8
Wavy........................................................... 8
Fixing Bolts................................................... 27
Flange Protection ......................................... 20
Flanges ........................................................ 40
Flow Arrangements ...................................... 11
Co-Current Flow........................................ 11
Counterflow............................................... 11
Cross-Counterflow .................................... 11
Crossflow.................................................. 11
Flow Fluctuations.......................................... 57
Flow Velocities in Nozzles ............................ 39
Fluids
Acceptable.................................................. 2
Fouling ......................................................... 58
Fouling Resistance....................................... 51
Freeze Spots................................................ 32
Freon............................................................... 3
General Description........................................ 1
GENERAL DESCRIPTION....................... 1–11
GOOD PRACTICE ................................. 57–62
Guarantees................................................... 19
Consequential Damage............................. 19
Corrosion .................................................. 19
Thermal and Mechanical........................... 19
Guide Frame
Sliding....................................................... 24
Handling ....................................................... 23
Header
Dome.......................................................... 7
Inclined Ends .............................................. 7
Mitred Ends................................................. 7
Standard ..................................................... 7
Header/Nozzle Configurations........................ 6
Headers.......................................... 4, 6, 38, 41
Heat Transfer Coefficient of a Stream........... 50
Heat transfer fins ............................................ 4
Heat Transfer Surface .................................. 47
Height............................................................. 4
Stacking...................................................... 1
Helium ............................................................. 3
Helium Leak Test.......................................... 34
Helium Recovery...............................................3
Helium test....................................................36
Hexane ............................................................3
HYDRAULIC DESIGN ............................45–55
Hydrogen .........................................................3
Hydrogen Sulphide .........................................2
Inactive Areas...............................................20
Injury.............................................................33
Inspection .....................................................17
Manufacturer’s ..........................................17
Purchaser’s ...............................................17
Third Party ................................................17
INSTALLATION ......................................23–34
Insulation ......................................................30
Japanese HPGS Law....................................35
Layer Arrangements .....................................40
Leak Detection..............................................32
Leak Rate .....................................................37
Leak Test......................................................36
Air .............................................................36
Helium.......................................................36
Length ............................................................4
Lifting............................................................23
Lifting Devices ..............................................21
Lifting lugs ....................................................21
Limits of Use
Maximum working pressure.........................2
Maximum working temperature ...................2
Minimum design temperature......................2
Liquefaction ......................................................3
Liquefied Natural Gas ........................................3
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)...............................3
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)...........................3
Liquefiers........................................................2
Liquified Natural Gas (LNG)............................2
Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference...50
Main Exchanger..............................................2
Maintenance .................................................32
MAINTENANCE......................................23–34
MATERIALS ...........................................43–44
Materials of Construction ........................35, 43
Mean Temperature Difference ......................47
MECHANICAL STANDARDS ................. 35–42
Mercury.....................................................3, 61
Metal Temperature Limitations......................37
Methane...........................................................3
Module Construction.......................................6
Mounting Bolts..............................................27
MTBE ..............................................................3
Multi-Component Refrigerants...........................3
Multiple Banking ...........................................46
Multi-Stream .................................................46
Nameplate ....................................................17
Data ..........................................................18
Manufacturer’s ..........................................17
Purchaser’s ...............................................18
68  STANDARDS OF THE BRAZED ALUMINIUM PLATE-FIN HEAT EXCHANGER MANUFACTURER'S ASSOCIATION

7. Structure ...................................................17
Supplementary Information .......................18
Natural Gas Processing (NGP)...................2, 3
Nitrogen ...........................................................3
Nitrogen Dioxide .............................................2
Nitrogen Rejection Unit (NRU) ............................3
NOMENCLATURE.................................... 1–11
Nomenclature of the Components ..................4
Nonconformity Rectification ..........................21
Non-Destructive Testing ...............................29
Nozzle
Inclined .......................................................7
Radial..........................................................7
Tangential ...................................................7
Nozzle loadings ............................................39
Nozzle Type....................................................6
Nozzles........................................... 4, 6, 39, 41
Flow Velocities in ......................................39
Loadings ...................................................39
Operation......................................................31
OPERATION .......................................... 23–34
Overall Heat Transfer ...................................47
Overhead Condenser .....................................2
Oxygen ............................................................3
Particulate Matter..........................................31
Parting sheet ..................................................4
Parting Sheets..............................................41
Pentane ...........................................................3
Petrochemical Production...................................3
Piping .............................................................6
Plant Upsets .................................................57
Plugging ................................................. 58, 59
from dust ..................................................... 3
from molecular sieve dust ...........................3
from particulates..........................................3
Pressure Loss...............................................52
Single-Phase.............................................53
Two-Phase................................................54
Pressure Relief Device .................................31
Pressure Relieving Devices..........................31
Pressure Test ......................................... 33, 36
Hydrostatic................................................36
Pneumatic.................................................36
Pressure Testing ..........................................29
Pressure Vessel ...........................................41
Pressurising..................................................20
Primary Heat Transfer Surface ..................... 45
Production Process.......................................40
Proof Pressure Testing .................................29
Propane ...........................................................3
Propylene.........................................................3
Pulsing..........................................................31
Raccolta .......................................................35
Rare Gases ......................................................3
Reboilers ........................................................2
Rectification
Index
Leak ..........................................................22
Nonconformity ...........................................21
Rectification of Leaks....................................22
Refrigeration Systems........................................3
Repair of Leaks.............................................34
Reversing Exchanger......................................2
Safety ...........................................................33
Scope of Supply............................................20
Secondary Heat Transfer Surface.................45
Services..........................................................2
Shear Plate Support Arrangement ................25
Shipment.......................................................19
Shop Operation.............................................17
Shut-down.....................................................32
Side bars...................................................4, 41
Single Banking..............................................46
Single-Phase Pressure Loss.........................53
Site leak Detection........................................33
Sliding Guide Frame .....................................24
Solvent Injection System...............................59
Spare parts ...................................................21
Special Features...........................................42
Specification Sheets ...............................47–49
Stacking Arrangement...................................55
Stacking height ...............................................1
Standard Sizes .............................................38
Cap Sheets ...............................................38
Fins ...........................................................38
Parting Sheets...........................................38
Side Bars...................................................38
STANDARDS
MECHANICAL.....................................35–42
Start-up.........................................................31
Subcooler Reboiler .........................................2
Sulphur Dioxide...............................................2
Supply
Scope of....................................................20
Support Arrangement
Angle Bracket............................................26
Shear Plate ...............................................25
Support Beams .............................................23
Support Insulation.........................................24
Supports .......................................................21
Surface Area.................................................47
Surging .........................................................31
Swedish Pressure Vessel Code....................35
Temperature
Design.......................................................37
Temperature Differences
Permissible................................................37
Temperature Limitations ...............................37
Testing..........................................................36
Field ..........................................................29
Non-Destructive.........................................29
Pressure....................................................29
THERMAL DESIGN................................45–55
STANDARDS OF THE BRAZED ALUMINIUM PLATE-FIN HEAT EXCHANGER MANUFACTURER'S ASSOCIATION  69

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