The document summarizes chapters from W.E.B. Du Bois' book "The Souls of Black Folk". It discusses Du Bois introducing the concept of the "color line" in the forethought. Several chapters are then summarized, addressing topics like the hardships faced by Black communities in Atlanta, the importance of training Black men, and the divisions between Black and white communities in the areas of politics, economics and social lives. The document also provides summaries of individual chapters that focus on figures like Alexander Crummell and themes like faith and the passing of Du Bois' firstborn child.
Booker T Washington’s autobiography, Up From Slavery, offers an interesting glimpse in what it was like to be born a slave, live through the tumultuous Civil War era, and as a young man to experience the consequences blacks faced with the end of Reconstruction when the Ku Klux Klan night-riders enslaved the former black slaves anew through terror by lynching them, burning their bodies and their farm and their churches, suppressing them and denying them justice, even denying them the ability to defend themselves in daylight through the courts.
Booker T Washington gives us a fascinating look into another world in another time, he goes from being an illiterate slave to running a major college, fund raising and socializing with the most powerful and wealth businessmen and philanthropists of his day.
Please also read our other blogs on civil rights and the Civil War and Reconstruction, which also include the videos from Yale lecture series mentioned in the video. These blogs have the links for the Yale lectures and also class notes and transcripts:
http://www.seekingvirtueandwisdom.com/category/civil-rights/
http://www.seekingvirtueandwisdom.com/category/civil-war-and-reconstruction/
We also refer to writings of Epictetus, who was a former slave of a former slave, in this video:
http://www.seekingvirtueandwisdom.com/epictetus-discourses-blog-1/
http://www.seekingvirtueandwisdom.com/epictetus-discourses-blog-2/
And the blogs for both Epictetus and Rufus:
http://www.seekingvirtueandwisdom.com/category/epictetus-and-rufus/
Please support our channel when purchasing these books from Amazon:
Booker T. Washington's Up From Slavery and The Life of Frederick Douglass
https://amzn.to/3ja2ITo
Dicing with Class, Race and Gender: Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eyeinventionjournals
ABSTRACT: The most disappointing aspect of human progress and our civilization is that some of us cannot accept others as our fellow human beings. Class, colour and culture always differentiate the human society. Instead of relishing the differences to our advantage, we struggle to suppress and destroy others. Caucasians despised Negroids and the Mongoloids are always in arms against Caucasians. We lost our sense of fraternity. The void between the rich and the poor, the gulf between blacks and whites and the drift between man and woman is keenly palpable. In the name of this class, race and gender some invisible hand is always playing the dice. Ever since human society emerged from its primitive state it has remained fundamentally divided between classes. Focusing on this aspect this paper attempts to critically analyze how classism marginalizes the poor, make them collect self-contempt by heaps and often degrade them to animal plane in Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye.
Booker T Washington’s autobiography, Up From Slavery, offers an interesting glimpse in what it was like to be born a slave, live through the tumultuous Civil War era, and as a young man to experience the consequences blacks faced with the end of Reconstruction when the Ku Klux Klan night-riders enslaved the former black slaves anew through terror by lynching them, burning their bodies and their farm and their churches, suppressing them and denying them justice, even denying them the ability to defend themselves in daylight through the courts.
Booker T Washington gives us a fascinating look into another world in another time, he goes from being an illiterate slave to running a major college, fund raising and socializing with the most powerful and wealth businessmen and philanthropists of his day.
Please also read our other blogs on civil rights and the Civil War and Reconstruction, which also include the videos from Yale lecture series mentioned in the video. These blogs have the links for the Yale lectures and also class notes and transcripts:
http://www.seekingvirtueandwisdom.com/category/civil-rights/
http://www.seekingvirtueandwisdom.com/category/civil-war-and-reconstruction/
We also refer to writings of Epictetus, who was a former slave of a former slave, in this video:
http://www.seekingvirtueandwisdom.com/epictetus-discourses-blog-1/
http://www.seekingvirtueandwisdom.com/epictetus-discourses-blog-2/
And the blogs for both Epictetus and Rufus:
http://www.seekingvirtueandwisdom.com/category/epictetus-and-rufus/
Please support our channel when purchasing these books from Amazon:
Booker T. Washington's Up From Slavery and The Life of Frederick Douglass
https://amzn.to/3ja2ITo
Dicing with Class, Race and Gender: Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eyeinventionjournals
ABSTRACT: The most disappointing aspect of human progress and our civilization is that some of us cannot accept others as our fellow human beings. Class, colour and culture always differentiate the human society. Instead of relishing the differences to our advantage, we struggle to suppress and destroy others. Caucasians despised Negroids and the Mongoloids are always in arms against Caucasians. We lost our sense of fraternity. The void between the rich and the poor, the gulf between blacks and whites and the drift between man and woman is keenly palpable. In the name of this class, race and gender some invisible hand is always playing the dice. Ever since human society emerged from its primitive state it has remained fundamentally divided between classes. Focusing on this aspect this paper attempts to critically analyze how classism marginalizes the poor, make them collect self-contempt by heaps and often degrade them to animal plane in Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye.
Overview of the book and background on the author. What prompted James Baldwin to write this book were the current events of the time and his personal life.
The South may have lost the Civil War, but they won the culture war. The South was able to convince many of the Lost Cause myth, that somehow the Southern causes was a noble cause, that the Civil War was not fought over the issue of slavery, that the Civil War was fought over state’s rights, and that Southerners were benevolent masters whose slaves accepted their lot in life happily. Furthermore, the history of Reconstruction where blacks gained civil liberties and voting rights equal to whites was seen as a dark time in American history, that blacks showed themselves to be totally incapable of citizenship, utterly incapable to hold public office, manipulated by corrupt Yankee carpetbaggers and traitorous Southern scalawags.
One of the first historians to challenge this view was WEB Dubois. His history, Black Reconstruction, argued that blacks were able to make great strides during Reconstruction, and that Reconstruction was a bright, promising era for democracy. Although Reconstruction faced daunting problems, great strides were made in race relations, education, public health, and in establishing fair and just governments across the South, in spite of the rising racial violence caused by the KKK and similar groups, often aided by Southern sheriffs. These gains were reversed by the Redemptionists after the end of Reconstruction, robbing the blacks of their voting rights, allowing the South to build the Jim Crow system of racial violence and discrimination and subjugation that would last until the Civil Rights era.
Please view our blog on WEB Dubois:
http://www.seekingvirtueandwisdom.com/refuting-the-lost-cause-black-reconstruction-by-web-dubois/
Please support our channel, purchase from Amazon, we receive affiliate commission:
Black Reconstruction in America, 1860-1880, by WEB Dubois
https://amzn.to/3rZHpH0
Please support our efforts, be a patron, at:
https://www.patreon.com/seekingvirtueandwisdom
Patrons can participate in online Zoom discussions of draft presentations we prepare for future YouTube videos.
In the Shadow of Destrehan: Legacies of Slavery
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Azby Brown (Safecast’s lead researcher and author of the Safecast Report)
Catherine Pugh (Adjunct Professor at the Beasley School of Law at Temple University, Japan Campus)
Colonization and Expatriation in Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s CabinJeremy Borgia
"Uncle Tom's Cabin" was wildly successful, selling over a million copies within its first year; yet, despite its success in engendering raucous debate amongst Americans over the issue of slavery, it was—and is still—not without its critics. Criticism of the book has often focused on Stowe’s personal opinions regarding racial equality, and whether they possibly weaken the message and legacy of her book.
Overview of the book and background on the author. What prompted James Baldwin to write this book were the current events of the time and his personal life.
The South may have lost the Civil War, but they won the culture war. The South was able to convince many of the Lost Cause myth, that somehow the Southern causes was a noble cause, that the Civil War was not fought over the issue of slavery, that the Civil War was fought over state’s rights, and that Southerners were benevolent masters whose slaves accepted their lot in life happily. Furthermore, the history of Reconstruction where blacks gained civil liberties and voting rights equal to whites was seen as a dark time in American history, that blacks showed themselves to be totally incapable of citizenship, utterly incapable to hold public office, manipulated by corrupt Yankee carpetbaggers and traitorous Southern scalawags.
One of the first historians to challenge this view was WEB Dubois. His history, Black Reconstruction, argued that blacks were able to make great strides during Reconstruction, and that Reconstruction was a bright, promising era for democracy. Although Reconstruction faced daunting problems, great strides were made in race relations, education, public health, and in establishing fair and just governments across the South, in spite of the rising racial violence caused by the KKK and similar groups, often aided by Southern sheriffs. These gains were reversed by the Redemptionists after the end of Reconstruction, robbing the blacks of their voting rights, allowing the South to build the Jim Crow system of racial violence and discrimination and subjugation that would last until the Civil Rights era.
Please view our blog on WEB Dubois:
http://www.seekingvirtueandwisdom.com/refuting-the-lost-cause-black-reconstruction-by-web-dubois/
Please support our channel, purchase from Amazon, we receive affiliate commission:
Black Reconstruction in America, 1860-1880, by WEB Dubois
https://amzn.to/3rZHpH0
Please support our efforts, be a patron, at:
https://www.patreon.com/seekingvirtueandwisdom
Patrons can participate in online Zoom discussions of draft presentations we prepare for future YouTube videos.
In the Shadow of Destrehan: Legacies of Slavery
Speakers:
Azby Brown (Safecast’s lead researcher and author of the Safecast Report)
Catherine Pugh (Adjunct Professor at the Beasley School of Law at Temple University, Japan Campus)
Colonization and Expatriation in Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s CabinJeremy Borgia
"Uncle Tom's Cabin" was wildly successful, selling over a million copies within its first year; yet, despite its success in engendering raucous debate amongst Americans over the issue of slavery, it was—and is still—not without its critics. Criticism of the book has often focused on Stowe’s personal opinions regarding racial equality, and whether they possibly weaken the message and legacy of her book.
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1. The Souls of
Black Folk
Book by:
WEB DuBois
Presentation by:
Danielle Card,
Selena Dillard,
Mary-Morgan Dixon,
Fouad Elsenbary,
Ryanne Jackson,
Rashad Smalls,
Ronnie Woolard
2. Forethought
In 1903 William Edward Burghardt DuBois
introduces to us (the gentle reader) a brief
synopsis of his novel. He speaks of a
problem that exists in the 20th Century that
he refers to as the “color line,” and he asks
that his words are read and studied but his
mistakes be forgiven. He concludes the
forethought by remaining humble and
reminding readers that he is but a man –
“bone of the bone and flesh of the flesh…”
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
3. Chapter 5:
Of the Wings of Atlanta
DuBois argues that “a fearful
wilderness” surrounded Atlanta after
the war. A wilderness caused by the
combination of poverty, serfdom,
crime and punishment, and most of
all, “the Veil of Race.”
DuBois argues that hard work and
prosperity are the correct path to a
better future for Atlanta (and indeed
for all the South)
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
4. Chapter 6:
Of the Training of Black Men
DuBois argues that the racism of the
South must be addressed seriously: it
cannot be “laughed away” or erased by
changes to the law, and it should not be
ignored.
DuBois identifies a problem with industrial
schools – that they can treat people as no
more than workers, a means of increasing
material prosperity.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
5. Chapter 7:
Of The Black Belt
In this chapter, author W.E.B Du Bois describes the “black belt” as the south of
the United States. Georgia was the main state that the slaves came to from
other states. It had the most negroes slaves in the whole union.
Du Bois also describes in this chapter how he rode in a Jim Crow Car. This was
his means of transportation. These cars were rail cars.
The crop that was depended on for work was cotton. Eventually cotton had
started to fall and people were losing money and couldn’t pay for their land or
even survive.
Albany was the capital of Georgia and is still the capital. This is where all
business took place.
Joe Field’s killed a lot of Black people. His place was called Joe Field’s place.
Most of his place is owned by Jews and Negroes.
Later the economy had changed and the Blacks became hard workers.
6. Chapter 8:
Of the Quest of the Golden Fleece
Slavery and Emancipations, combined with the impact of war, left a
legacy of financial disaster. DuBois notes that the black laborers in
Dougherty County, where his focus lies, live in the same cabins that
existed during slavery.
DuBois explains that all but about 10% of the black population of
Dougherty County is very poorly educated, and about two-thirds
cannot read or write. However, illiteracy is only part of the story.
During slavery, information about economics, government, and other
fundamental aspects of society was deliberately hidden from black
people, and the consequences of this are still strongly felt.
For more information about this, you can check out The Problem of
Slavery in the Age of Emancipation by David Brion Davis.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND
7. Chapter 9:
Of the Sons
of Master
and Man
Political
Division
Politics was another arena in which black folks were severely mislead
into either not wanting to vote, or voting in a way that did not suit their
individual needs. Even if they were to vote, there were no black
lawmakers, meaning that no one was there to represent them when
deciding on matters of justice and taxes.
Economic
Division
In matters of economy, after slavery ended, black men and women
were uneducated or undereducated and were given little to no proper
job training. Even with training, the jobs would still likely be given to
white men. As for housing, black men would pay for their homes, then
find out that they were taken advantage of by a mortgage broker who
pocketed their money and kept the deed to their home. Blacks found
themselves preyed upon often, and sheriffs would look the other way.
Physical
Division
What is most interesting in this chapter is how currently relevant it all
seems. WEB DuBois speaks of racial inequities and describes
subsidized housing as it still stands today. He calls this the “color-line”
where in most cities in the South, you can draw a line (no matter how
curved the line may be) and you can pinpoint where the predominant
divide of the races lie. Thinking specifically of our own city,
Greensboro, this is definitely still true.
8. Chapter 9: Sons of Master
and Man (continued)
This chapter is aptly named in that DuBois was
seeking to describe relations between the sons of
slave owners and the sons of slaves. He echoes
one very important theme in closing this chapter:
that both sides must recognize and make a
change. The blacks need to be more uplifting and
encouraging of one another, and the whites to be
more sympathetic. He presents a clear call to
action for a union to be formed that crosses the
color-line and strengthens both sides. I find it
interesting that this entire chapter is socially
relevant then and now, as we still struggle to
cross the color-line and unite as one human race.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND
9. Chapter 10: Of the Faith of the Fathers
There were three main components to a Negro revival in the
South:
The Preacher: The center of a group, he holds many titles
and duties such as leader, politician, and speaker.
The Music: A rhythmic cadence that sounds of despair and
sorrow with undertones of hope.
The Frenzy: Shouting and praising, being made “mad with
supernatural joy.”
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA
10. Chapter 10: Of the Faith of the Fathers
(continued)
Baptist and Methodist churches owe much of their growth to
the black folks, as their membership remains primarily within
these two denominations.
Weddings, social functions, political meetings, and various
groups met at the church, which made the church an integral
part of the life. This is still happening today, as we have
nicknamed the South the Bible Belt.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC
11. Chapter 11: Of the Passing of the First-Born
Birth
Du Bois when he first knew about his new
born baby, was confused and nervous.
The baby’s golden hair and other
characteristics were a sign of, for Du Bois,
“evil omen.”
Despite everything regarding his son, Du
Bois shows an absolute adoration.
Du Bois’s son got sick, shows the
absolute relation of parent-ship toward
children especially the mother
Death
A mother without the child; was the
saddest sight for Du Bois.
The veil for Du Bois was the fine line
between happiness and sadness.
Du Bois’s son did not have to live with in
the veil.
Du Bois hopes for every African American
to die above the veil.
12. Chapter 12: Of Alexander Crummell
Hate
Crummell education path, was full of
hate and racism toward the African-
American community.
Despite all this hatred, Crummell was
able to ultimately succeed in getting
educated.
It is very easy for us now to get
educated, but shamefully, we still
complain about minor issues.
Despair and Doubt
Crummell went through a path, that
is enough to drain all hopes and
wishes.
Despair and doubt created a very
strong and ambitous Crummell.
Crummell realizes that he did what is
optimal for him and his black
community, in a racism system, and
he decided to settle down in Africa.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND
13. Chapter 12: Of Alexander Crummell
“HATE,DESPAIR, & DOUBT”
Alexander Crummell, Du Bois, and the AA society faced these three temptations
daily. Society was composed of hate, despair, and doubt, which tried to prohibit the
AA society from accomplishing goals such as education, jobs, and success. Men
and women such as Crummell, Du Bois , and Harriet Jacobs would overcome these
barriers known as negativity, racism, and doubt. Crummell was eventually allowed
to attend school with Caucasians, which he was previously denied before, due to
the color of his skin. After being denied to become a priest , he was later granted
permission. Du Bois highlighted individuals such as Crummell to show that”LIFE IS
ALWAYS going to be difficult, but one should NEVER GIVE UP”!
Du Bois uses the story of Alexander Crummelll as a parallel to his own story of life.
Crummelll, an accomplished African-American, had struggled throughout his life,
and ultimately died in poverty. While Du Bois also struggled, he reached academic
fame during his lifetime. The combination of these two successful African-Americans
serves to describe the intricacies of the plight of the black man.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
14. Chapter 13: Coming of the John
Du Bois chronicles the experience of a Caucasian
and African American man who had both decided to
pursue educations. The AA John is very obedient,
and when his mother wanted to send him to school,
people said it would ruin him. The Caucasian John
was a son of privilege: his father was a judge, and
he ultimately enrolled at Princeton. John of AA
descent, however, started with very little, and
attended an unknown school. He faced many
difficulties and could not keep up with the work,
which led to being asked to leave for a semester.
John dedicated himself to his schoolwork so that he
ultimately could do well in life. Eventually, the two
Johns meet in New York City. In New York, they
both go to a theatrical presentation, and while he
was there, he was asked to leave because of his
skin color. They meet again years later. Both Johns
opened up schools, but John of AA descent school
was closed down due to his teachings on history,
racism, & injustice. John Of AA descent eventually
kills the other because of sexually assaulting his
sister.
“Coming of John” is a metaphorical presentation
of the plight of African & White Americans. African
American males devote their life to studying and
helping the community, while White Americans
(John) attends school due to privilege. Du Bois
stated that privilege allowed certain individuals to
attend elite educational institutions, while AA’s had
to work hard and gain everything. "Of the Coming
of John" foreshadows the racial relations of
modern America. Despite hard work, non-white
groups remain marginalized. While members of
these groups often pursue the same trajectory as
John, they are also faced with injustices once they
commit acts of self-defense and other positive acts
within society.
15. Chapter 14:
Of The Sorrow Songs
In this chapter, the songs that were
sung, were songs sung by the slaves.
They sung many Negro spirituals that
you still here today. The meanings of
these songs that the slaves sung were
showing how they felt and hoping for a
change.
16. Afterthought
In the afterthought Du Bois stated why he begin each chapter with a
Sorrow Song. Most importantly the songs throughout the book were very
meaningful to the SOULS OF BLACK FOLKS. Most AA inherited these
songs from their youth. Ancestors of Du Bois and other AA would sing
different songs on slave ships and pass them down. There was
progression from the songs which Du Bois believed began as African,
developed into African American and then African and American.
Different from the other chapters, the afterthought is written from a tone of
anger and despair. Du Bois is not content with the status of African
American people within America. He was very angry that the condition
was even allowable. By acknowledging these songs, Du Bois also
acknowledges that White Americans have places AA into their positions
within society. While the songs symbolized hope, the hope could only do
so much to save AA people.