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CHAPTER 8
ALIPHATIC
HYDROCARBONS
PREPARED BY:
PROF. TEHREEM
IFTIKHAR
ALKANES
PREPARATION OF ALKANES
• R X are called Alkyl Halides, Where X may be Cl, Br, I
•2) FROM ALKYL HALIDES
a)Reduction With Zn/HX
b)Hydrogenolysis
RX= Alkyl Halides
PREPARATION OF ALKANES
PREPARATION OF ALKANES
PREPARATION OF ALKANES
PREPARATION OF ALKANES
• AT ANODE OXIDATION TAKE PLACE
• OXIDATION LOSS OF ELECTRON
• AT CATHODE REDUCTION TAKES PLACE
• REDUCTION GAIN OF ELECTRON
PREPARATION OF ALKANES
PREPARATION OF ALKANES
PREPARATION OF ALKANES
PREPARATION OF ALKANES
Hydrazin
e
PREPARATION OF ALKANES
Alkyl
halide
PREPARATION OF ALKANES
Methyl magnesium
bromide
Ethyl magnesium
bromide
TYPES OF REACTIONS OF ALKANES
•SUBSTITUTION REACTION
•THERMAL AND CATALYTIC REACTIONS
CHEMICAL REACTIONS OF ALKANES
CHEMICAL REACTIONS OF ALKANES
Methane
Carbon
monoxide
CHEMICAL REACTIONS OF ALKANES
Methane Nitric
acid
CHEMICAL REACTIONS OF ALKANES
CHEMICAL REACTIONS OF ALKANES
CH3Cl
CH2Cl2
C•HCl2
CHCl3
C•HCl2
CHCl3
C•Cl3
C•Cl3
CCl4
USES OF ALKANES
QUESTIONS IN EXAMS
• Short Questions:
• Give General Characteristics Of Alkanes
• Describe Sabatier-sendern’s Reaction For Synthesis Of Alkanes
• Convert 2-bromobutane Into N-butane
• How Alkanes Are Prepared From Alkyl Halides
• Define Hydrogenolysis With Example
• Write Mechanism For Kolbe’s Electrolysis Method For Preparation Of Alkanes
• Describe Clemmensens’s Reduction
• Define Wolf Kishner’s Reduction Along With Example
• How Alkanes Are Prepared From Grignard’s Reagent
• Why Alkanes Are Called As Paraffins
QUESTIONS IN EXAMS
• Why Alkanes Are Non-reactive? Justify With Reasons
• Discuss The Inertness Of Sigma Bond In Alkanes
• How Non-polar Nature Contribute In Non-reactivity Of Alkanes
• Discuss Combustion Of Alkanes Along With Applications
• Define Heat Of Combustion
• Describe Catalytic Oxidation Of Methane
• Convert Methane Into Formaldehyde
• Define Nitration. Convert Methane Into Nitromethane
• Define Halogenation With Example
• Give Any Four Uses Of Methane

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Alkanes