ABSTRACT- Background: Tuberculosis is one of the commonest chronic infectious diseases; highly endemic in India kills five lakh patients every year. Oxidative Stress plays important role in inflammatory and degenerative diseases including pulmonary tuberculosis. There is hardly any one study available in literature correlating oxidative stress, lipid profile values and antioxidant status together with the pulmonary tuberculosis; so we decided to conduct this study.
Methods: Study group included newly diagnosed 50 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis and control group included 50, age and sex matched healthy volunteers and employees. All the cases were subjected to complete physical and systemic examinations, routine investigations including Sputum for AFB by Ziehl-Neelsen staining, AFB culture and Chest X-ray and special tests like Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Adenosine deaminase (ADA) and findings recorded and statistically analysed.
Results: In the study group with 33 males and 17 females, we were found Serum MDA mean ± SD 2.91±0.99; Serum ADA 38.15±13.47, while the mean levels of pleural fluid MDA and ADA in tubercular patients were found to be 1.65+0.53 nmoles/ml and 56.88+22.1 U/L respectively. While in controls with 61 males and 39 females, these values were 1.72±0.45 nmoles/ml (MDA), 20.15± 6.70 U/L (ADA) respectively.
Conclusion: Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Adenosine deaminase (ADA) were found statistically significantly higher in study group when compared with control, (p <0.001). Antioxidant plays important role for prevention of pulmonary Tuberculosis.
Key-words- Tuberculosis, Malondialdehyde, Adenosine deaminase, Lipid peroxidation, Oxidative stress
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ABSTRACT- Background: Tuberculosis is one of the commonest chronic infectious diseases; highly endemic in India kills five lakh patients every year. Oxidative Stress plays important role in inflammatory and degenerative diseases including pulmonary tuberculosis. There is hardly any one study available in literature correlating oxidative stress, lipid profile values and antioxidant status together with the pulmonary tuberculosis; so we decided to conduct this study.
Methods: Study group included newly diagnosed 50 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis and control group included 50, age and sex matched healthy volunteers and employees. All the cases were subjected to complete physical and systemic examinations, routine investigations including Sputum for AFB by Ziehl-Neelsen staining, AFB culture and Chest X-ray and special tests like Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Adenosine deaminase (ADA) and findings recorded and statistically analysed.
Results: In the study group with 33 males and 17 females, we were found Serum MDA mean ± SD 2.91±0.99; Serum ADA 38.15±13.47, while the mean levels of pleural fluid MDA and ADA in tubercular patients were found to be 1.65+0.53 nmoles/ml and 56.88+22.1 U/L respectively. While in controls with 61 males and 39 females, these values were 1.72±0.45 nmoles/ml (MDA), 20.15± 6.70 U/L (ADA) respectively.
Conclusion: Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Adenosine deaminase (ADA) were found statistically significantly higher in study group when compared with control, (p <0.001). Antioxidant plays important role for prevention of pulmonary Tuberculosis.
Key-words- Tuberculosis, Malondialdehyde, Adenosine deaminase, Lipid peroxidation, Oxidative stress
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Plasma - Water and Waste Water Treatment Based on Plasma Technology. Less Chemical, Lower Sludge, Compact and Require Less Space, Support for Mobile Unit, Lower O&M Cost, Green Technology and Environment
the role of acidic microenvironment in the tumor aggressive phenotyes and the...LucyPi1
Recently, the scammer who advocated "acid
constitution" as the source of all diseases was fined 105
million US dollars, and the "acid-base balance" theory
he founded was also criticized. Although the "acid
constitution" of the human body is full of pseudoscience,
many tumors are indeed "acid constitution". Increased
glycolysis, hypoxia, and insufficient tissue perfusion as
well as a large amount of acid and metabolite
metabolites that accumulated in the tumor
microenvironment, making the tumor
microenvironment acidic [1–3]. Microenvironment
acidification plays an important role in tumor
progression and can provide a favorable environment
for tumor cell generation [4]. Acidosis is one of the
basic characteristics of tumor microenvironment.
Unlike normal cells, cancer cells can adapt to a low pH
environment by increasing glycolysis, while activating
the activity and expression of proton transporters that
normalize the pH in the cell [1–4]. Acidosis-driven
adaptation also triggers the emergence of aggressive
tumor cells in subpopulations that exhibit increased
invasion, proliferation, and resistance [5]. Acidosis can
also promote immune escape and thus maintain tumor
growth [6, 7]. Although there is an important
relationship between too much lactic acid in tumor
microenvironment and tumor cell invasion, few studies
have explored which areas in the tumor are acidic and
how too much lactate affects gene expression to
promote tumor invasion.
In the current study, we have experimentally and comparatively
investigated and compared malignant human cancer cells and tissues before and aft er irradiating of synchrotron radiation using Lase Spectroscopy, Laser–Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) and Laser-Induced Plasma Spectroscopy (LIPS). It is clear that malignant human cancer cells and tissues have gradually transformed to benign human cancer cells and tissues under synchrotron radiation with the passage of time
Synthesis and Evaluation of the Cytotoxic and Anti-Proliferative Properties o...IJEAB
Doxorubicin (Dox) is a potent chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of cancer. In the present study, pH responsive chitosan polymer coated Dox nanoparticle (Composite) was developed to investigate targeted drug delivery against breast cancer. The anticancer drug DOX-ZnO QDs was loaded to the chitosan nanoparticles. The synthesized free and drug loaded nanoparticle were analyzed using Fourier transmission electron microscopy (FTIR) and UV-Visible spectroscopy(UV-Vis). The particle size was measured using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Further, the composite was evaluated for its anticancer effects. Drug release analysis showed significantly larger amount of drug released in acidic pH of 5.0 compared to pH 7.4. The composite was significantly more cytotoxic to the breast cancer cells MCF-7 and SKBR-3. The composite was however, less toxic to HEK-293 human embryonic kidney cells confirming minimum side effects on normal cells andcytotoxic to tumor cells. DAPI staining showed nuclear degradation in composite treated breast cancer cells. The cellular uptake of the composite was analyzed by confocal microscopy. The composite induced a G0/G1 phase arrest in breast cancer cells and the number of colonies formed by the composite treated breast cancer cells formed less number of colonies compared to free NP. Our results showed that our composite could serve as a promising therapeutic approach to improve clinical outcomes against various malignancies.
Discover the healing effects of molecular hydrogen and how hydrogen-rich water may help to reduce the side-effects of cancer patients on chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
Trace Elements of Expressed Prostatic Secretions as a Source for Biomarkers o...asclepiuspdfs
Prostate cancer (PCa) is an internationally important health problem of the man, particularly in developed countries. The aim of this exploratory study was to evaluate whether significant changes in the levels of zinc (Zn) and some other trace elements of prostatic fluid exist in the malignantly transformed prostate. Methods: Prostatic fluid levels of Br, Fe, Rb, Sr, and Zn were prospectively evaluated in 24 patients with PCa and 38 healthy male inhabitants. Measurements were performed using 109Cd radionuclide-induced energy dispersive X-ray fluorescent microanalysis. Prostatic fluid samples were divided into two portions. One was used for morphological study while the other was intended for trace element analysis.
A Novel Extractive Spectrophotometric Method for The Determination Of Chromiu...IOSRJAC
m-hydroxy benzyl ethylene diamine synthesized by the author in the laboratory has been successfully used as a reagent to form complex with chromium metal in water samples. The estimation of chromium present in various water samples has been carried out by spectrophotometry. Other parameters like effect of pH, reagent concentration, choice of solvent, effect of interference ions has been studied. . This method is simple, sensitive and accuracy comparable with other existing extractive spectrophotometric methods for the determination of Chromium in various water samples.
Plasma - Water and Waste Water Treatment Based on Plasma Technology. Less Chemical, Lower Sludge, Compact and Require Less Space, Support for Mobile Unit, Lower O&M Cost, Green Technology and Environment
the role of acidic microenvironment in the tumor aggressive phenotyes and the...LucyPi1
Recently, the scammer who advocated "acid
constitution" as the source of all diseases was fined 105
million US dollars, and the "acid-base balance" theory
he founded was also criticized. Although the "acid
constitution" of the human body is full of pseudoscience,
many tumors are indeed "acid constitution". Increased
glycolysis, hypoxia, and insufficient tissue perfusion as
well as a large amount of acid and metabolite
metabolites that accumulated in the tumor
microenvironment, making the tumor
microenvironment acidic [1–3]. Microenvironment
acidification plays an important role in tumor
progression and can provide a favorable environment
for tumor cell generation [4]. Acidosis is one of the
basic characteristics of tumor microenvironment.
Unlike normal cells, cancer cells can adapt to a low pH
environment by increasing glycolysis, while activating
the activity and expression of proton transporters that
normalize the pH in the cell [1–4]. Acidosis-driven
adaptation also triggers the emergence of aggressive
tumor cells in subpopulations that exhibit increased
invasion, proliferation, and resistance [5]. Acidosis can
also promote immune escape and thus maintain tumor
growth [6, 7]. Although there is an important
relationship between too much lactic acid in tumor
microenvironment and tumor cell invasion, few studies
have explored which areas in the tumor are acidic and
how too much lactate affects gene expression to
promote tumor invasion.
In the current study, we have experimentally and comparatively
investigated and compared malignant human cancer cells and tissues before and aft er irradiating of synchrotron radiation using Lase Spectroscopy, Laser–Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) and Laser-Induced Plasma Spectroscopy (LIPS). It is clear that malignant human cancer cells and tissues have gradually transformed to benign human cancer cells and tissues under synchrotron radiation with the passage of time
Synthesis and Evaluation of the Cytotoxic and Anti-Proliferative Properties o...IJEAB
Doxorubicin (Dox) is a potent chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of cancer. In the present study, pH responsive chitosan polymer coated Dox nanoparticle (Composite) was developed to investigate targeted drug delivery against breast cancer. The anticancer drug DOX-ZnO QDs was loaded to the chitosan nanoparticles. The synthesized free and drug loaded nanoparticle were analyzed using Fourier transmission electron microscopy (FTIR) and UV-Visible spectroscopy(UV-Vis). The particle size was measured using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Further, the composite was evaluated for its anticancer effects. Drug release analysis showed significantly larger amount of drug released in acidic pH of 5.0 compared to pH 7.4. The composite was significantly more cytotoxic to the breast cancer cells MCF-7 and SKBR-3. The composite was however, less toxic to HEK-293 human embryonic kidney cells confirming minimum side effects on normal cells andcytotoxic to tumor cells. DAPI staining showed nuclear degradation in composite treated breast cancer cells. The cellular uptake of the composite was analyzed by confocal microscopy. The composite induced a G0/G1 phase arrest in breast cancer cells and the number of colonies formed by the composite treated breast cancer cells formed less number of colonies compared to free NP. Our results showed that our composite could serve as a promising therapeutic approach to improve clinical outcomes against various malignancies.
Discover the healing effects of molecular hydrogen and how hydrogen-rich water may help to reduce the side-effects of cancer patients on chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
Trace Elements of Expressed Prostatic Secretions as a Source for Biomarkers o...asclepiuspdfs
Prostate cancer (PCa) is an internationally important health problem of the man, particularly in developed countries. The aim of this exploratory study was to evaluate whether significant changes in the levels of zinc (Zn) and some other trace elements of prostatic fluid exist in the malignantly transformed prostate. Methods: Prostatic fluid levels of Br, Fe, Rb, Sr, and Zn were prospectively evaluated in 24 patients with PCa and 38 healthy male inhabitants. Measurements were performed using 109Cd radionuclide-induced energy dispersive X-ray fluorescent microanalysis. Prostatic fluid samples were divided into two portions. One was used for morphological study while the other was intended for trace element analysis.
A Novel Extractive Spectrophotometric Method for The Determination Of Chromiu...IOSRJAC
m-hydroxy benzyl ethylene diamine synthesized by the author in the laboratory has been successfully used as a reagent to form complex with chromium metal in water samples. The estimation of chromium present in various water samples has been carried out by spectrophotometry. Other parameters like effect of pH, reagent concentration, choice of solvent, effect of interference ions has been studied. . This method is simple, sensitive and accuracy comparable with other existing extractive spectrophotometric methods for the determination of Chromium in various water samples.
Effect of Cardiac Stimulant Drug (MSCD) on Blood Coagulation Cascade and Plat...IIJSRJournal
Current study deals with the effect of cardiac stimulant drug (Mephentermine Sulphate Composite Drug) on blood coagulation cascade and plasma platelets. The purity of MSCD was adjudged by GC-MS chromatographic technique. Single sharp peak was evolved in GC-MS by using DB-5 column. Furthermore, MSCD did not alter the clotting time of human citrated plasma in both Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) and Platelet Poor Plasma (PPP) at the concentration of 5-50 µg. Moreover, MSCD did not alter ADP and Epinephrine induced platelet aggregation at the concertation of 5-50 µg. Remarkably, MSCD exhibit nontoxic property as it was unable to damage RBC cell membrane.
Relative Properties and Relative Potency of Various Hydrazide Compounds That ...IOSRJPBS
The molecular properties of compounds expressing growth inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are determined and examined for underlying relationships by pattern recognition methods. Pattern recognition methods such as hierarchical cluster analysis will show relationships between compounds. Descriptive statistical analysis of molecular properties reveal commonality among bacteriostatic compounds. Outliers within any category of descriptor is identified by Grubb’s test. Potency of growth inhibition measured as MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) after in vitro evaluation will be compared and analyzed. Structure moieties and their effect on activity is identified. All compounds analyzed showed substantial growth inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, having MIC values ranging from 16.7 µgrams/milliliter to 65.9 µgrams/milliliter (isoniazid MIC at 14.7 µgrams/milliliter). Ranges in values of Log P, number of atoms, and molecular weight were, respectively: -1.89 to 1.10, 11 to 25 (isoniazid at 10), and 150.18 grams/mole to 345.38 grams/mole (isoniazid at 137.14). All eight compounds and isoniazid showed favorable bioactivity within six categories of measureable bioactivity scores. The molecular properties of eight compounds and isoniazid varied, however, remained favorable in drug-likeness with zero violations of the Rule of 5. Interrelationships of the descriptors were revealed by statistical analysi
Can SAR Database: An Overview on System, Role and Applicationinventionjournals
: The intention of this paper is to provide an technical overview on the largest cancer database, the canSAR database system. This overview includes the basic definitions and terminology, findings and advancements infield of cancer research through canSAR database, with basic system architecture, design, data source, processing pipelines, screening tests and structure activity relationship of system.
In-vitro biological activities of the free new H4L ( indole-7-thiocarbohydrazone) ligand and its Ni(II), Pd(II) , Pt(II),
Cu(II), Ag(I), Zn(II) and Cd(II) complexes are screened against two cancerous cell lines, that revealed significant
activity only for [Cu2Cl2(H4L)2(PPh3)2] after 72 h treatment by the highest tested concentrations. The Copper(I)
complex was characterized by X-ray Crystallography and the NMR spectra, whereas it has been confirmed to have
momentous cytotoxicity against ovarian, breast cancerous cell lines (Caov-3, MCF-7). The apoptosis-inducing
properties of the Cu(I) complex have been investigated through fluorescence microscopy visualization, DNA
fragmentation analysis and propidium iodide flow cytometry.
1. Plasma Generated Hydrogen Peroxide: Effect of Media and Plasma Regimes
C. & J. Nyheim Plasma Institute, Drexel University, Department of Biomedical Engineering
Talaial Alina, Gregory Fridman, Vandana Miller, Abraham Lin
Acknowledgements
Abstract
Introduction
Results Conclusions
The Drexel University STAR Scholars Program and C. & J. Nyheim
Plasma Institute supported research. Randall Stoddart, Harper Pollio-
Barbee, and Hassaan Sheikh assisted in this research.
Plasma, ionized gas comprised of positive and negative particles, is being
explored for medical applications like cancer therapy [1]. Recently,
plasma activated liquid (PAL) was shown to have anti-cancer effects.
Plasma treatment of liquid generates reactive oxygen and nitrogen
species (RONS) that are responsible for cell death; the most effective is
hydrogen peroxide, 𝐻2 𝑂2 [2]. To further develop PAL as a potential cancer
therapeutic, the behavior of 𝐻2 𝑂2 generation by plasma was investigated
in various liquids and plasma regimes.
To test the effects of buffers on 𝐻2 𝑂2 generation, deionized (DI) water,
and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) with and without serum was treated.
PBS with serum had lower 𝐻2 𝑂2concentrations as compared to PBS
without serum.
To test effects of uniformity of plasma on 𝐻2 𝑂2 generation, DI water was
exposed to different plasma energies under uniform and non-uniform
conditions. Results showed that there was no significant difference in
𝐻2 𝑂2 concentrations under the two conditions.
To compare effects of pulse parameters on 𝐻2 𝑂2 generation, DI water
was treated using microsecond and nanosecond pulsed dischargers. The
results established that the 𝐻2 𝑂2 concentrations were similar at the same
delivered energies..
Conclusions:
1) Buffers attenuate plasma capacity to generate ROS.
2) Energy is the most important factor for DBD plasma generated 𝐻2 𝑂2.
• Buffers attenuate plasma generation of 𝐻2 𝑂2 in liquids.
• Uniform and non-uniform plasma regimes have no impact on 𝐻2 𝑂2
produced in liquids.
• Microsecond and nanosecond pulsed discharges produced
comparable 𝐻2 𝑂2 in liquids.
• Energy is the most important determinant for generating ROS in liquid
by DBD plasma.
Methods
Cold atmospheric plasmas have been demonstrated to selectively
eradicate cancer cells in vitro and reduce tumor size in vivo [3]. Their
application modifies the cell cycle [4] of cancer cells and creates reactive
nitrogen and oxygen species (RONS) including oxygen/hydroxyl radicals
and nitric oxide [5].
These radicals in plasma activated media induce stimuli signaling “cell
surface receptors that trigger…intracellular molecules that initiate” cell
cycle arrest, DNA damage, and apoptosis [4,5].
Hydrogen peroxide 𝐻2 𝑂2 , a specie generated from plasma applied to
liquid media, is examined in this study because it is one of the most
important signaling molecules among the RONS [6].This study examines
the effects of buffers, uniformity of plasma, and pulse parameters on the
generation of 𝐻2 𝑂2 through the process detailed below. The results can
have implications for creating tailored PALs to destroy cancer cells.
Figure 1: Concentration of 𝐻2 𝑂2 is lower in the presence of buffers
References
Future Work
• Study the dependence on energy for the generation of ROS in liquid
by changing plasma parameters.
• Measure the production of 𝐻2 𝑂2 by plasma in more complex liquids.
• Evaluate the production of other ROS.
• Optimize plasma activated liquids (PAL) for medical applications.
[1] Fridman, Gregory, et al. "Applied plasma medicine." Plasma
Processes and Polymers 5.6 (2008): 503-533.
[2] Yan, Dayun, et al. "Principles of using cold atmospheric plasma
stimulated media for cancer treatment." Scientific reports 5 (2015).
[3] Keidar, Michael, et al. "Cold atmospheric plasma in cancer
therapya)."Physics of Plasmas (1994-present) 20.5 (2013): 057101.
[4] Keidar, Michael. "Plasma for cancer treatment." Plasma Sources
Science and Technology 24.3 (2015): 033001.
[5] Kim, Chul-Ho, et al. "Induction of cell growth arrest by atmospheric
non-thermal plasma in colorectal cancer cells." Journal of
biotechnology 150.4 (2010): 530-538.
[6] Graves, David B. "The emerging role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen
species in redox biology and some implications for plasma applications to
medicine and biology." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 45.26
(2012): 263001.
[7] "24 Well Cell Culture Plate, Flat Bottom, TC Treated, Sterile" Digital
image. Social Biomedical. Social Biomedical, n.d. Web. 18 Aug. 2016.
[8] Pdcook. "A Microplate Reader with a 96-well Microplate in the Sample
Drawer" Digital image. Wikimedia. Wikimedia, 23 Apr. 2012. Web. 16 Aug.
2016.
[9] Liu, Chong, Danil Dobrynin, and Alexander Fridman. "Uniform and
non-uniform modes of nanosecond-pulsed dielectric barrier discharge in
atmospheric air: fast imaging and spectroscopic measurements of electric
fields." Journal of physics D: Applied physics 47.25 (2014): 252003.
[10] Ayan, Halim, et al. "Nanosecond-pulsed uniform dielectric-barrier
discharge." IEEE transactions on plasma science 36.2 (2008): 504-508.
Effect of buffers on 𝐻2 𝑂2 generation
Effect of pulse parameters on 𝐻2 𝑂2 generation
0
50
100
150
200
5 30 75 150 300
H2O2Concentration(µM)
Frequency (Hz)
Uniform Treatment
Non-Uniform Treatment
Figure 2: Comparable 𝐻2 𝑂2 production under uniform and non-
uniform plasma regimes
Effect of plasma uniformity on 𝐻2 𝑂2 generation
Figure 3: Nanosecond-pulsed DBD
images obtained using ICCD camera at
uniform and non-uniform regimes [9]
Side View
Figure 5: Comparable 𝐻2 𝑂2 production in microsecond and
nanosecond treatments
0
20
40
60
80
0 50 100 300 700 1000
H2O2Concentration(µM)
Plasma (mJ)
Nanosecond Treatment
Microsecond Treatment
Figure 4:
Nanosecond-pulsed
and Microsecond-
pulsed DBDs [10]
Nanosecond
Microsecond
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 100 300 3000
H2O2Concentration(µM)
Plasma (mJ)
DI Water
PBS without
Serum
PBS with
Serum
Uniform (1mm)
Non-uniform (2mm)
Plasma treatment
Amplex Red Assay
24-well plate with
0.5 mL of liquid [7]
Incubate
30 min.
at room
temp.
Nanosecond pulsed
power supply
Spectrophotometry of
treated media [8]
Function
generator