This document discusses vertical curves and sight distance requirements for road design. It defines types of vertical curves (crest and sag) and provides equations to calculate the minimum length of vertical curves based on design speed to provide adequate sight distance. Sight distance must be considered to ensure drivers can safely stop sight lines are not obstructed by curves. Both crest and sag curves have different equations that factor in speed, grade, and eye heights to determine appropriate lengths.
All Prefabricated Vertical Drains (PVD) will be
installed in the same manner, unless otherwise
specified by CLIENT. This method statement
describes all steps in the process of installing the
Prefabricated Vertical Drains.
The document discusses setting out curves for highways. It defines different types of curves, including horizontal and vertical curves. Horizontal curves can be circular, transition, or lemniscate curves. Vertical curves connect different gradients and can be circular arcs or parabolic arcs. Common elements of circular curves are defined, such as tangents, points of intersection, and long chords. Methods for setting out simple circular curves include linear methods using offsets from long chords, bisection of arcs, tangents, or chords produced.
04 Ballast (Railway Engineering Lectures هندسة السكك الحديدية & Dr. Walied A....Hossam Shafiq I
This document discusses railway ballast, including its definition, functions, types used in Saudi Arabia, requirements, gradation, cleaning, minimum depth, construction, and relationship with sub-ballast. It notes that crushed limestone is commonly used for ballast in central Saudi Arabia but can chemically bond, reducing elasticity. The document asks students to calculate the volume of ballast and sub-ballast needed for 1 km of track in KSA, and provides an assignment on sub-ballast specifications per AREMA standards.
Horizontal curves are used to change the alignment and direction of roads and railways. Simple curves focus on providing adequate stopping sight distance, while compound curves are used when land availability is limited, such as connecting runways and taxiways at airports. Reverse curves are useful for pipelines, flumes, and levees, as well as low speed roads and railroads, though they require caution for canals due to navigation and erosion issues. Vertical curves provide a smooth transition between two grades, especially in hilly or mountainous areas where roads need to climb heights.
Module 2,plane table surveying (kannur university)Vishnudev C
This document describes various methods of plane table surveying. It discusses the principle, equipment, setting up, orientation, and main methods - radiation, intersection, traversing, and resection (by compass, backsight, two point, and three point problems). Plane table surveying allows simultaneous field observation and plotting. It is suitable for small scale maps and eliminates errors in field books.
The document discusses various aspects of vertical alignment in transportation infrastructure design and construction. It covers key components like gradient and ruling, the effects of gradient on vehicle resistance, and the design of vertical curves including summit and valley curves. Design parameters discussed include sight distance, centrifugal force, and length determination based on these factors. Equations are provided for calculating curve length and heights. The document also includes examples of previous questions asked on these topics in civil engineering examinations.
This document discusses assessing the pavement condition and estimating the current asset value of a 6 lane-km road stretch in Karachi, Pakistan. Key steps included identifying distresses, calculating Pavement Condition Index scores for sections of the road, and determining an overall PCI of 77, indicating a satisfactory condition. Current asset value was estimated at 7.7 million using the road's initial value of 10 million and PCI score. The road needs only small maintenance to address some poorer sections.
This document discusses vertical curves and sight distance requirements for road design. It defines types of vertical curves (crest and sag) and provides equations to calculate the minimum length of vertical curves based on design speed to provide adequate sight distance. Sight distance must be considered to ensure drivers can safely stop sight lines are not obstructed by curves. Both crest and sag curves have different equations that factor in speed, grade, and eye heights to determine appropriate lengths.
All Prefabricated Vertical Drains (PVD) will be
installed in the same manner, unless otherwise
specified by CLIENT. This method statement
describes all steps in the process of installing the
Prefabricated Vertical Drains.
The document discusses setting out curves for highways. It defines different types of curves, including horizontal and vertical curves. Horizontal curves can be circular, transition, or lemniscate curves. Vertical curves connect different gradients and can be circular arcs or parabolic arcs. Common elements of circular curves are defined, such as tangents, points of intersection, and long chords. Methods for setting out simple circular curves include linear methods using offsets from long chords, bisection of arcs, tangents, or chords produced.
04 Ballast (Railway Engineering Lectures هندسة السكك الحديدية & Dr. Walied A....Hossam Shafiq I
This document discusses railway ballast, including its definition, functions, types used in Saudi Arabia, requirements, gradation, cleaning, minimum depth, construction, and relationship with sub-ballast. It notes that crushed limestone is commonly used for ballast in central Saudi Arabia but can chemically bond, reducing elasticity. The document asks students to calculate the volume of ballast and sub-ballast needed for 1 km of track in KSA, and provides an assignment on sub-ballast specifications per AREMA standards.
Horizontal curves are used to change the alignment and direction of roads and railways. Simple curves focus on providing adequate stopping sight distance, while compound curves are used when land availability is limited, such as connecting runways and taxiways at airports. Reverse curves are useful for pipelines, flumes, and levees, as well as low speed roads and railroads, though they require caution for canals due to navigation and erosion issues. Vertical curves provide a smooth transition between two grades, especially in hilly or mountainous areas where roads need to climb heights.
Module 2,plane table surveying (kannur university)Vishnudev C
This document describes various methods of plane table surveying. It discusses the principle, equipment, setting up, orientation, and main methods - radiation, intersection, traversing, and resection (by compass, backsight, two point, and three point problems). Plane table surveying allows simultaneous field observation and plotting. It is suitable for small scale maps and eliminates errors in field books.
The document discusses various aspects of vertical alignment in transportation infrastructure design and construction. It covers key components like gradient and ruling, the effects of gradient on vehicle resistance, and the design of vertical curves including summit and valley curves. Design parameters discussed include sight distance, centrifugal force, and length determination based on these factors. Equations are provided for calculating curve length and heights. The document also includes examples of previous questions asked on these topics in civil engineering examinations.
This document discusses assessing the pavement condition and estimating the current asset value of a 6 lane-km road stretch in Karachi, Pakistan. Key steps included identifying distresses, calculating Pavement Condition Index scores for sections of the road, and determining an overall PCI of 77, indicating a satisfactory condition. Current asset value was estimated at 7.7 million using the road's initial value of 10 million and PCI score. The road needs only small maintenance to address some poorer sections.
The document is a site report for the foundation of a commercial building called Silver Business Hub. It describes excavating the site, leveling the ground, pouring plain cement concrete to form pads, and constructing reinforced concrete columns and footings. Steel reinforcement bars were placed in the footings and columns and connected with wiring. The foundation was constructed over multiple days beginning with site clearance, marking excavation outlines, excavating pits, leveling the ground, pouring and vibrating PCC, installing reinforcement in the footings and columns, and finally closing the site.
ANALYSIS OF CONTINUOUS BEAM USING STIFFNESS METHODkasirekha
THIS METHOD IS USEFUL TO ANALYZE THE INDETERMINATE STRUCTURES USING MATRIX APPROACH. THIS METHOD IS ALSO CALLED DISPLACEMENT METHOD AS IT DEALS WITH UNKNOWN ROTATIONS.
This document provides information and instructions for performing coordinate geometry computations for surveying traverse loops. It defines key terms like azimuths, bearings, angles, and directions. It explains how to compute interior angles, azimuths, latitudes, and departures for traverse legs. It also describes how to balance a traverse loop by adjusting angles and applying corrections to latitudes and departures to minimize positional errors.
Surveying and scale_Surveying, Civil EngineeringA Makwana
It is defined as the process of measuring horizontal distances, vertical distances and included angles to determine the location of points on, above or below the earth surfaces.
The term surveying is the representation of surface features in a horizontal plane.
The process of determining the relative heights in the vertical plane is referred as levelling.
1. The document discusses different types of settlement in shallow foundations, including immediate/elastic settlement, primary consolidation settlement, and secondary consolidation settlement.
2. It provides methods for calculating each type of settlement, making use of theories of elasticity, consolidation test data, and parameters like compression index.
3. Settlement predictions are generally satisfactory but better for inorganic clays; the time rate of consolidation settlement is often poorly estimated.
Vertical curves provide a smooth transition between roadway segments with different grades. They are usually parabolic in shape. The key steps in designing a vertical curve are to first calculate the sight distance based on design speed, then use this to calculate the minimum curve length. The location of the PVI, PVC, and PVT can then be determined based on the length and intersection of the tangent grades. Finally, the equation relating elevation to distance along the curve is used to develop the entire curve profile.
Analysis of vertically loaded pile foundationMonojit Mondal
The document discusses pile foundations, including their classification based on material, installation method, and function; load transfer mechanisms; methods for calculating the capacity of single piles and pile groups using static formulas and dynamic formulas per Indian code IS 2911; and concludes that pile foundations provide a common solution for difficult soil conditions and ongoing research continues to improve design.
Highway failure & their maintenance pptBeing Deepak
This document summarizes highway failure and maintenance. It discusses the main causes of highway failure such as rutting from temperature variations and heavy loads. The four major types of failure are cracking, surface deformation, disintegration, and surface defects. Highway maintenance aims to preserve and repair highways using materials like concrete, asphalt, and tar. It includes activities like sealing cracks, resurfacing, removing snow, and bridge upkeep to provide safety and efficient travel. Proper maintenance helps strengthen roads and reduce maintenance costs over time.
The 10 step document outlines a process for planning an effective presentation: 1) Start with the end goal in mind, 2) Brainstorm ideas, 3) Keep things simple, 4) Organize content logically, 5) Find a pattern to structure the flow, 6) Prepare a storyline with a beginning, middle, and end, 7) Compose an attention-grabbing introduction, 8) Manage timing of sections, 9) Control detail levels, 10) End with a clear call to action.
The Institute of Fundraising is a membership organization for fundraising professionals in the UK. It aims to provide support, professional development opportunities, and collective representation to the fundraising sector. Key activities of the Institute include providing training and resources to members, influencing policy and legislation, organizing networking events, and increasing awareness of fundraising through media relations. The Institute has national and regional groups to serve members across different areas of the UK.
This document appears to be a collection of math problems and questions about limits, functions, and physics. It includes questions about continuity, types of discontinuities, evaluating limits, finding velocity given a position function, evaluating expressions involving functions, and determining the truth of statements involving functions and limits. The document covers a wide range of topics but does not provide full context, answers, or explanations for any individual problem.
Free project in the clouds for teachers around the world #edtech20 project @web20education ,, Teach, learn ,play in XXI Century using free tools and applications Web 2.0 , social media in a e-Safety way in education 2.0 finalist in eLearning Awards 2010 .
PAETEC’s innovative equipment and software Financing Solutions are designed to help your
organization keep up – or get ahead – while staying on budget, all with one simple monthly invoice.
Este documento presenta un guión para una homilía sobre Cristo Rey. Incluye lecturas bíblicas, oraciones de los fieles y sugerencias para la celebración eucarística. El documento enfatiza que el reinado de Cristo se basa en el servicio y el amor, no en el poder o la ambición, y exhorta a los fieles a imitar a Cristo sirviendo a los demás, especialmente a los pobres y marginados.
This 6-page document appears to be a multi-page PDF with no title or visible text. As the document contains no readable words or identifiable content, it is not possible to provide a meaningful summary in 3 sentences or less.
The document provides an overview of key concepts in American government including:
1) It discusses different forms of government such as democracy, republic, and direct democracy. It notes that the US is a democratic republic where citizens elect representatives rather than voting directly on policies.
2) Fundamental values in the US political system are discussed like liberty, equality, and debates around the role and size of government.
3) Different political ideologies are outlined including liberalism, conservatism, and tensions between order and liberty.
4) Demographic changes in the US are summarized such as immigration trends, religious diversity, and an aging population.
The document proposes a software architecture that uses a Grid computing environment to realize a Content Distribution Network for multimedia content. The architecture exploits Grid resources not only for storage but also for on-the-fly transcoding of multimedia files into formats supported by clients. It describes components that select the nearest storage element to the client and a computing element with sufficient resources to perform transcoding when needed, aiming to minimize latency and maximize quality of service for the user.
Get a "social" life: Breathing collaboration into legacy apps Is your legacy system a "wall flower"? Are you tired of it staying home, alone on Friday night while all the cool apps are out collaborating with each other? No more! Attend this session and discover how you can give your legacy app a social life! You'll learn how to break it out of its silo with Jive Connects. See how information that's been trapped inside these systems blossoms when shared in the Jive Social Business Platform using the Jive Apps.
The document is a site report for the foundation of a commercial building called Silver Business Hub. It describes excavating the site, leveling the ground, pouring plain cement concrete to form pads, and constructing reinforced concrete columns and footings. Steel reinforcement bars were placed in the footings and columns and connected with wiring. The foundation was constructed over multiple days beginning with site clearance, marking excavation outlines, excavating pits, leveling the ground, pouring and vibrating PCC, installing reinforcement in the footings and columns, and finally closing the site.
ANALYSIS OF CONTINUOUS BEAM USING STIFFNESS METHODkasirekha
THIS METHOD IS USEFUL TO ANALYZE THE INDETERMINATE STRUCTURES USING MATRIX APPROACH. THIS METHOD IS ALSO CALLED DISPLACEMENT METHOD AS IT DEALS WITH UNKNOWN ROTATIONS.
This document provides information and instructions for performing coordinate geometry computations for surveying traverse loops. It defines key terms like azimuths, bearings, angles, and directions. It explains how to compute interior angles, azimuths, latitudes, and departures for traverse legs. It also describes how to balance a traverse loop by adjusting angles and applying corrections to latitudes and departures to minimize positional errors.
Surveying and scale_Surveying, Civil EngineeringA Makwana
It is defined as the process of measuring horizontal distances, vertical distances and included angles to determine the location of points on, above or below the earth surfaces.
The term surveying is the representation of surface features in a horizontal plane.
The process of determining the relative heights in the vertical plane is referred as levelling.
1. The document discusses different types of settlement in shallow foundations, including immediate/elastic settlement, primary consolidation settlement, and secondary consolidation settlement.
2. It provides methods for calculating each type of settlement, making use of theories of elasticity, consolidation test data, and parameters like compression index.
3. Settlement predictions are generally satisfactory but better for inorganic clays; the time rate of consolidation settlement is often poorly estimated.
Vertical curves provide a smooth transition between roadway segments with different grades. They are usually parabolic in shape. The key steps in designing a vertical curve are to first calculate the sight distance based on design speed, then use this to calculate the minimum curve length. The location of the PVI, PVC, and PVT can then be determined based on the length and intersection of the tangent grades. Finally, the equation relating elevation to distance along the curve is used to develop the entire curve profile.
Analysis of vertically loaded pile foundationMonojit Mondal
The document discusses pile foundations, including their classification based on material, installation method, and function; load transfer mechanisms; methods for calculating the capacity of single piles and pile groups using static formulas and dynamic formulas per Indian code IS 2911; and concludes that pile foundations provide a common solution for difficult soil conditions and ongoing research continues to improve design.
Highway failure & their maintenance pptBeing Deepak
This document summarizes highway failure and maintenance. It discusses the main causes of highway failure such as rutting from temperature variations and heavy loads. The four major types of failure are cracking, surface deformation, disintegration, and surface defects. Highway maintenance aims to preserve and repair highways using materials like concrete, asphalt, and tar. It includes activities like sealing cracks, resurfacing, removing snow, and bridge upkeep to provide safety and efficient travel. Proper maintenance helps strengthen roads and reduce maintenance costs over time.
The 10 step document outlines a process for planning an effective presentation: 1) Start with the end goal in mind, 2) Brainstorm ideas, 3) Keep things simple, 4) Organize content logically, 5) Find a pattern to structure the flow, 6) Prepare a storyline with a beginning, middle, and end, 7) Compose an attention-grabbing introduction, 8) Manage timing of sections, 9) Control detail levels, 10) End with a clear call to action.
The Institute of Fundraising is a membership organization for fundraising professionals in the UK. It aims to provide support, professional development opportunities, and collective representation to the fundraising sector. Key activities of the Institute include providing training and resources to members, influencing policy and legislation, organizing networking events, and increasing awareness of fundraising through media relations. The Institute has national and regional groups to serve members across different areas of the UK.
This document appears to be a collection of math problems and questions about limits, functions, and physics. It includes questions about continuity, types of discontinuities, evaluating limits, finding velocity given a position function, evaluating expressions involving functions, and determining the truth of statements involving functions and limits. The document covers a wide range of topics but does not provide full context, answers, or explanations for any individual problem.
Free project in the clouds for teachers around the world #edtech20 project @web20education ,, Teach, learn ,play in XXI Century using free tools and applications Web 2.0 , social media in a e-Safety way in education 2.0 finalist in eLearning Awards 2010 .
PAETEC’s innovative equipment and software Financing Solutions are designed to help your
organization keep up – or get ahead – while staying on budget, all with one simple monthly invoice.
Este documento presenta un guión para una homilía sobre Cristo Rey. Incluye lecturas bíblicas, oraciones de los fieles y sugerencias para la celebración eucarística. El documento enfatiza que el reinado de Cristo se basa en el servicio y el amor, no en el poder o la ambición, y exhorta a los fieles a imitar a Cristo sirviendo a los demás, especialmente a los pobres y marginados.
This 6-page document appears to be a multi-page PDF with no title or visible text. As the document contains no readable words or identifiable content, it is not possible to provide a meaningful summary in 3 sentences or less.
The document provides an overview of key concepts in American government including:
1) It discusses different forms of government such as democracy, republic, and direct democracy. It notes that the US is a democratic republic where citizens elect representatives rather than voting directly on policies.
2) Fundamental values in the US political system are discussed like liberty, equality, and debates around the role and size of government.
3) Different political ideologies are outlined including liberalism, conservatism, and tensions between order and liberty.
4) Demographic changes in the US are summarized such as immigration trends, religious diversity, and an aging population.
The document proposes a software architecture that uses a Grid computing environment to realize a Content Distribution Network for multimedia content. The architecture exploits Grid resources not only for storage but also for on-the-fly transcoding of multimedia files into formats supported by clients. It describes components that select the nearest storage element to the client and a computing element with sufficient resources to perform transcoding when needed, aiming to minimize latency and maximize quality of service for the user.
Get a "social" life: Breathing collaboration into legacy apps Is your legacy system a "wall flower"? Are you tired of it staying home, alone on Friday night while all the cool apps are out collaborating with each other? No more! Attend this session and discover how you can give your legacy app a social life! You'll learn how to break it out of its silo with Jive Connects. See how information that's been trapped inside these systems blossoms when shared in the Jive Social Business Platform using the Jive Apps.
The document introduces the narrator's brother who is a firefighter. He works at a fire station in the city of Madrid, where he works 24 hours for three days a week putting out fires, rescuing people and animals, and climbing ladders from the fire engine. To prepare for his physically demanding job, the firefighter exercises regularly and trains using the gym in the fire station.
The document describes a 300 square meter showroom space for Lolossidis SA in Faliro. Minimalism and clarity of form are achieved through the use of plexiglas dividers that allow luminosity to expand throughout all areas. The shelving display system is invisible, consisting of a horizontal support rail with concealed connecting brackets. The showroom consists of 5 sections for men's, women's, and children's clothing.
eSocial Science helps researchers do their existing work faster or helps them do new research by utilizing digital tools and large datasets. It uses computers and data about people to either speed up traditional research methods or enable new types of research that weren't possible before. Some examples of eSocial Science include using mapping tools to study how communities were affected by economic changes, and using simulation and modeling to conduct research interactively.
Tugas akhir ini membahas penyederhanaan fungsi Boolean menggunakan peta Karnaugh dalam bentuk SOP (sum of product) untuk memperoleh bentuk minimal dari fungsi tersebut. Langkah-langkahnya meliputi pengisian peta Karnaugh berdasarkan variabel fungsi, penemuan blok yang dapat dihubungkan, dan penyederhanaan fungsi menjadi bentuk gerbang logika.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help alleviate symptoms of mental illness and boost overall mental well-being.
Are cows more likely to lie down the longer they stand? (Ig Nobel)Arek Bee.
Cows were observed over 16 days using video recording and sensors to track their lying and standing behaviors. Researchers found that the longer a cow had been lying down, the more likely it was to stand up soon. However, it was difficult to predict how soon a cow would lie down again after standing up. The study aimed to better understand cow behaviors and welfare by analyzing rest patterns in an effort to identify health issues and the impacts of housing and management changes.
Scrum - iteracyjna metodyka prowadzenia projektów, zaliczana do metodyk zwinnych, zgodnych z manifestem Agile.
Prezentacja znaleziona w śmieciach na dysku :) Wykonana w 2004 roku
2. Zastosowanie
• Grafika komputerowa (wizualizacja obiektów na
płaszczyźnie)
• Kompresja rysunków
• Wyznaczanie obszarów na mapie
• Robotyka
• Systemy wsparcia projektowania
• Wzornictwo materiałów
• Leśnictwo
• Statystyka
4. Oznaczenia
Prosta zawierająca punkty p i q: pq
Odcinek o początku w punkcie p i końcu w
punkcie q: p-q
Wektor o początku w punkcie p i końcu w
punkcie q: p->q
5. Położenie punktu
Po której stronie odcinka p-q leży punkt r?
Punkt r leży po lewej stronie
odcinka p-q
Punkt r leży po prawej stronie
odcinka p-q
20. Przynależność punktu do wielokąta
𝑝 ∈ 𝑊 ⇔ nieparzysta liczba przecięć prostej z punktu p
Ponieważ koszt obliczeń jest związany z N bokami i wierzchołkami
to złożoność wynosi O(n)
21. Przynależność punktu do wielokąta
2 przypadki szczególne:
• Półprosta z punktu p zawiera bok wielokąta
• Półprosta z punktu p przechodzi przez wierzchołek wielokąta
22. Przynależność punktu do wielokąta
Niech boki a3a4 oraz a5a6 będą bokami sąsiadującymi z a4a5, a punkty a3 i a5 będą
ich końcami.
JEŻELI punkty a3 i a6 leżą po tej samej stronie prostej z punktu p
TO liczba przecięć z bokami a3a4, a4a5 oraz a5a6 wynosi 0
WPP wynosi 1
23. Przynależność punktu do wielokąta
Niech wierzchołek a2 należał do prostej z punktu p oraz boki a3a4 i a5a6 będą bokami
sąsiadującymi z wierzchołkiem a2, a punkty a1 i a2 będą ich końcami tych boków.
JEŻELI punkty a1 i a3 leżą po tej samej stronie prostej z punktu p
TO liczba przecięć z bokami a1a2 oraz a2a3 wynosi 0
WPP wynosi 1
27. Algorytm naiwny
Punkt p nie należy do otoczki jeżeli leży wewnątrz trójkąta.
Koszt sprawdzania dla N wierzchołków wyniesie
𝑁
3
, 𝑐𝑧𝑦𝑙𝑖 𝑧ł𝑜ż𝑜𝑛𝑜ść 𝑟ó𝑤𝑛𝑎 𝑂(𝑛4)
31. Sortowanie zbioru punktów
1. Wyznacz wartości funkcji alfa dla każdego
punktu O(n)
2. Posortuj wartości funkcji alfa w kolejności
niemalejącej O(n logn)
33. Algorytm Grahama
Każdy punkty nie będący wierzchołkiem
otoczki wypukłej musi należeć do
wnętrza trójkąta o wierzchołkach O oraz
2 kolejne wierzchołki otoczki
35. Algorytm Grahama
1. Ustawiamy środowisko
a) Wybieramy punkty O, który jest centroidem i
określamy go jako środek układu współrzędnego
b) Wyznaczmy współrzędne punktów w nowym
układzie współrzędnych
2. Sortujemy punkty wg. wartości kąta nachylenia
wektora O-> p do osi OX, wartość funkcji alfa(p)
3. Wyznaczamy punkt S jako punkt o najmniejszej
współrzędnej y (oraz o najmniejszej
współrzędnej x)
36. Algorytm Grahama
4. Iterujemy po wszystkich punktach zaczynając
od punktu s
a) Sprawdzamy trzy kolejne punkty 𝑝𝑖−1, 𝑝𝑖 i 𝑝𝑖+1
b) Jeżeli punkt 𝑝𝑖 leży wewnątrz trójkąta
O 𝑝𝑖−1 𝑝𝑖+1 to punkt 𝑝𝑖 zostaje usunięty z otoczki
c) Badamy kolejna trójkę punktów 𝑝𝑖, 𝑝𝑖+1 i 𝑝𝑖+2
5. Iteracje kończymy po osiągnięcia punktu s
39. Algorytm Jarvisa
1. Wyznaczamy punkty pomocnicze
a) Punkt d jako punkt o najmniejszej współrzędnej x
spośród wszystkich punktów o najmniejszej
współrzędnej y
b) Punkt g jako punkt o największej współrzędnej x
spośród wszystkich punktów o największej
współrzędnej y
c) Punkty d i g przypisujemy do zbioru
wierzchołków otoczki wypukłej
40. Algorytm Jarvisa
2. Inicjalizujemy badany punkt p współrzędnymi
punktu d
3. Sprawdzamy czy punkt p nie jest punktem g
a) Wyznaczamy środek układu współrzędnych w
punkcie p
b) Szukamy punktu r o największej odległości od punktu
p śród punktów o najmniejszym kącie nachylenia
wektora wodzącego do osi pX
c) Punkt r przypisujemy do zbioru wierzchołków otoczki
wypukłej
d) Przypisując punktowi p punkt r oraz powtarzamy
krok nr 3
43. Najdalsza para punktów
1. Wyznaczamy otoczkę wypukłą
dla punktów O(n log n)
2. Dla każdego boku (pq) otoczki
wyznaczamy przeciwległy
punkt (r) należący do otoczki i
wyliczamy odległość punktów
początkowego i końcowego
tego boku z przeciwległym
punktem O(n)