this is a short explanation about Freud, Kant about aesthetics

1. Alexander Gottlieb
Baumgarten
SUBMITTED TO- Ar. REETA MAURYA SUBMITTED BY- A. K. MAURYA

2. INTRODUCTIO
N
 Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten (1714-1762) was a German philosopher who is
known for his work in aesthetics and the philosophy of art. He was a student of
Christian Wolff.
 Baumgarten's major contribution to philosophy was his development of aesthetics as
a separate branch of philosophy. Prior to Baumgarten, aesthetics was not a distinct
area of study, but was often considered a subfield of metaphysics or ethics. In his work
"Aesthetica" (1750-1758), Baumgarten defined aesthetics as the study of sensory
perception and the appreciation of beauty.
 Immanuel Kant, who was one of Baumgarten's students, built upon Baumgarten's ideas
and developed a more complex and systematic account of aesthetics in his "Critique of
Judgment" (1790).
 In addition to his work in aesthetics, Baumgarten made contributions to logic,
metaphysics, and ethics.

3. VIEWS ON
AESTHETICS
•Baumgarten defined aesthetics as the study of sensory perception
and the appreciation of beauty.
•He believed that the aesthetic experience was distinct from other
forms of experience, such as cognitive or moral experience, and that it
was an important aspect of human life.
•Baumgarten defined beauty as a quality that gives pleasure to the
senses, and he believed that the appreciation of beauty was a universal
human experience.
•He also distinguished between the beauty of nature and the beauty of art,
arguing that the beauty of art involved not just sensory pleasure, but
also intellectual appreciation and emotional engagement.

4. VIEWS ON
AESTHETICS
•Baumgarten discussed the concept of the sublime, which he believed was
an experience that was both pleasurable and overwhelming. He believed
that the experience of the sublime involved a sense of awe and
wonder in the face of something that is both powerful and terrifying.
•Baumgarten emphasized the role of imagination in the aesthetic
experience. He believed that the imagination played a crucial role in our
ability to appreciate beauty and the sublime, and that it was responsible for
our ability to form mental images of sensory experiences.

5. KNOWING PERFECTION (3
WAYS)
1. Beauty is what we perceive as perfect through our senses.
2. Truth is what we perceive as perfect through our reasoning ability.
3. The Good is what we achieve as perfect through our moral choices and actions.

6. VIEWS OF EMMANUEL
KANT
•Kant believed that aesthetics was concerned with the fundamental
concepts and principles that underlie our experience of beauty, rather
than just sensory perception and the appreciation of beauty.
•He saw the aesthetic experience as involving a unique kind of judgment,
which he called a "judgment of taste," that was based on subjective
feeling rather than objective criteria.
•Kant believed that the judgment of taste involved a "free play"
between the imagination and understanding, where the imagination
supplied sensory data and the understanding supplied concepts and
categories to make sense of that data.
•Kant acknowledged Baumgarten's contribution to the development
of aesthetics as a separate branch of philosophy and built upon his
work to develop his own comprehensive theory of aesthetics.

7. Sigmund
Freud

8. INTRODUCTIO
N
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of
psychoanalysis. Won Goethe’s literary prize in 1930.
o He revolutionized the field of psychology with his theories on the human psyche and
the role of the unconscious mind in shaping behavior.
o Freud studied medicine at the University of Vienna and specialized in neurology.
o His theories on the unconscious, defense mechanisms, and the Oedipus complex
are among his most famous contributions to psychology.
o Freud's work has had a significant impact on the fields of literature, art, and cultural
studies.
o He was a prolific writer, publishing numerous books and articles throughout his
career.
o Freud's ideas continue to be debated and studied in psychology and other fields to this
day.