Alcoholism, or alcohol abuse, is characterized by an unhealthy reliance on alcohol and an inability to stop drinking despite negative health consequences. It is caused by biological, psychological, and social factors such as genetics, low self-esteem, and peer pressure. Effects of alcoholism include damage to major organs like the liver and heart, as well as increased risk of cancers and birth defects. Treatment focuses on conditioning the brain to stop craving alcohol through managing withdrawal symptoms, diet and detoxification programs, counseling, and medical support. While moderate drinking may not be harmful, excessive alcohol consumption can severely damage one's health, relationships, and mental well-being.