Exploration Method’s in Archaeological Studies & ResearchPrachya Adhyayan
The principal concern of any archaeological fieldwork is to acquire new information within the context of a well-designed program of research. This program of research today ranges from goal-specific one day fieldwork to long term ventures covering many field seasons. In the field, one of the main concern of the archaeologist is the study of artifacts and features. Artifacts are the objects made or used or modified by the man such as stone tools, pottery and metal objects. A site is selected on the basis of combination of several factors, such as the period of the site, the length of the occupation, the importance of the structures and the site uniqueness in the area.
Further, the archaeological site is selected to address specific goal or goals.
The goal covers in terms of time, space, subject matter and approach.
The research is tailored made to solve specific problem(s).
Ritualistic Archaeo-astronomy and the Rock Art of IndiaRuman Banerjee
Rock art imageries, including the abundant heritage of megalithic monuments thickly congregated in different pockets of Central and Western India provide a vivid record of archaeo-astronomical belief systems, nurtured by the prehistoric societies by means of stone carvings, drawings and megalithic monuments, used as observatories or sites delineating astronomical orientation. Archaeo-astronomy is a branch of knowledge where, science, technology, prehistory and mythology all come together. Prehistoric societies in different pockets of India understood and appreciated equinoxes, solstices, novae and supernovae, constellations, zodiac, eclipses and shaped their world view including cosmogonical and mythological ideas accordingly as evidenced by various rock art motifs depicting sun, moon, lunar phases, other complex images like wavy and dashed lines, often associated with human burials, hunting, mating and battle scenes. The continuation of various astronomical symbols, particularly the Sun motif can be easily identified from Neolithic, Chalcolithic, Harappan and Megalithic pottery. This paper aims to review the existing framework of archaeo-astronomical research in India incorporating fresh data exclusively from Central Indian rock art exploring and debating the plausible ritual aspects in Indian rock art.
Ritualistic Archaeo-astronomy and the Rock Art of IndiaRuman Banerjee
Rock art imageries, including the abundant heritage of megalithic monuments thickly congregated in different pockets of Central and Western India provide a vivid record of archaeo-astronomical belief systems, nurtured by the prehistoric societies by means of stone carvings, drawings and megalithic monuments, used as observatories or sites delineating astronomical orientation. Archaeo-astronomy is a branch of knowledge where, science, technology, prehistory and mythology all come together. Prehistoric societies in different pockets of India understood and appreciated equinoxes, solstices, novae and supernovae, constellations, zodiac, eclipses and shaped their world view including cosmogonical and mythological ideas accordingly as evidenced by various rock art motifs depicting sun, moon, lunar phases, other complex images like wavy and dashed lines, often associated with human burials, hunting, mating and battle scenes. The continuation of various astronomical symbols, particularly the Sun motif can be easily identified from Neolithic, Chalcolithic, Harappan and Megalithic pottery. This paper aims to review the existing framework of archaeo-astronomical research in India incorporating fresh data exclusively from Central Indian rock art exploring and debating the plausible ritual aspects in Indian rock art.
Exploration Method’s in Archaeological Studies & ResearchPrachya Adhyayan
The principal concern of any archaeological fieldwork is to acquire new information within the context of a well-designed program of research. This program of research today ranges from goal-specific one day fieldwork to long term ventures covering many field seasons. In the field, one of the main concern of the archaeologist is the study of artifacts and features. Artifacts are the objects made or used or modified by the man such as stone tools, pottery and metal objects. A site is selected on the basis of combination of several factors, such as the period of the site, the length of the occupation, the importance of the structures and the site uniqueness in the area.
Further, the archaeological site is selected to address specific goal or goals.
The goal covers in terms of time, space, subject matter and approach.
The research is tailored made to solve specific problem(s).
Ritualistic Archaeo-astronomy and the Rock Art of IndiaRuman Banerjee
Rock art imageries, including the abundant heritage of megalithic monuments thickly congregated in different pockets of Central and Western India provide a vivid record of archaeo-astronomical belief systems, nurtured by the prehistoric societies by means of stone carvings, drawings and megalithic monuments, used as observatories or sites delineating astronomical orientation. Archaeo-astronomy is a branch of knowledge where, science, technology, prehistory and mythology all come together. Prehistoric societies in different pockets of India understood and appreciated equinoxes, solstices, novae and supernovae, constellations, zodiac, eclipses and shaped their world view including cosmogonical and mythological ideas accordingly as evidenced by various rock art motifs depicting sun, moon, lunar phases, other complex images like wavy and dashed lines, often associated with human burials, hunting, mating and battle scenes. The continuation of various astronomical symbols, particularly the Sun motif can be easily identified from Neolithic, Chalcolithic, Harappan and Megalithic pottery. This paper aims to review the existing framework of archaeo-astronomical research in India incorporating fresh data exclusively from Central Indian rock art exploring and debating the plausible ritual aspects in Indian rock art.
Ritualistic Archaeo-astronomy and the Rock Art of IndiaRuman Banerjee
Rock art imageries, including the abundant heritage of megalithic monuments thickly congregated in different pockets of Central and Western India provide a vivid record of archaeo-astronomical belief systems, nurtured by the prehistoric societies by means of stone carvings, drawings and megalithic monuments, used as observatories or sites delineating astronomical orientation. Archaeo-astronomy is a branch of knowledge where, science, technology, prehistory and mythology all come together. Prehistoric societies in different pockets of India understood and appreciated equinoxes, solstices, novae and supernovae, constellations, zodiac, eclipses and shaped their world view including cosmogonical and mythological ideas accordingly as evidenced by various rock art motifs depicting sun, moon, lunar phases, other complex images like wavy and dashed lines, often associated with human burials, hunting, mating and battle scenes. The continuation of various astronomical symbols, particularly the Sun motif can be easily identified from Neolithic, Chalcolithic, Harappan and Megalithic pottery. This paper aims to review the existing framework of archaeo-astronomical research in India incorporating fresh data exclusively from Central Indian rock art exploring and debating the plausible ritual aspects in Indian rock art.
History of Archaeology - Overview - KamalsJournalKamalWMC
History of Archaeology - overview, authored by Chanaka Kamal, an archaeology enthusiast with a BA Honours and currently pursuing an MPhil in archaeology at the University of Peradeniya. This presentation offers a clear and professional perspective suitable for anyone interested in archaeology, from enthusiasts to BA level students.
Key Points Covered:
Introduction to Archaeology: Explore the study of past human culture, behavior, and cognition through material remains. Trace the gradual development of this discipline over time.
Background Era: Explore the period prior to the emergence of the term "archaeology." Discover how curiosity about the past led to folklore creation and engagement of elites with ancient material remains.
Renaissance Era: Learn about antiquarianism and its influence on antiquities as art. Explore how new techniques, societies, and Pompeii's excavations reshaped archaeological practices.
19th Century Evolution: Witness the transformation of archaeology from interest to scientific discipline. Understand the contributions of pioneers like Pit Rivers and Flinders Petrie.
20th Century Advancements: Dive into theoretical and methodological progress in archaeology. Learn how war, technology, and new theories shaped the field.
Conclusion: Grasp the multi-phase evolution of archaeology, culminating in the practice of postprocessual archaeology. Gain a nuanced perspective on our understanding of the past.
📞 Connect with Chanaka Kamal:
For inquiries, discussions, or feedback, visit Kamal's website at kamalsjournal.com or find him on Tumblr as ChanakaKamal and Twitter as KamalWMC.
Explore the rich history of archaeology, from its origins to its modern application. This presentation is an excellent resource for anyone seeking to understand the evolution of this dynamic field, whether you're an archaeology enthusiast or a BA level student.
It is an introduction to Archaeology and the recovery of social history of India through Archaeological sources. In this presentation i only sad about Prehistoy, Protohistory and Early History of India through Archaeological sources. I hope it will help you all to know more about archaeology and early history of India.
This paper reviews the credibility of the 'Aryan' Theory, in the light of recent archaeological. archaeogenetic and archaeolinguistic evidence, in the Indian context.
History of Archaeology - Overview - KamalsJournalKamalWMC
History of Archaeology - overview, authored by Chanaka Kamal, an archaeology enthusiast with a BA Honours and currently pursuing an MPhil in archaeology at the University of Peradeniya. This presentation offers a clear and professional perspective suitable for anyone interested in archaeology, from enthusiasts to BA level students.
Key Points Covered:
Introduction to Archaeology: Explore the study of past human culture, behavior, and cognition through material remains. Trace the gradual development of this discipline over time.
Background Era: Explore the period prior to the emergence of the term "archaeology." Discover how curiosity about the past led to folklore creation and engagement of elites with ancient material remains.
Renaissance Era: Learn about antiquarianism and its influence on antiquities as art. Explore how new techniques, societies, and Pompeii's excavations reshaped archaeological practices.
19th Century Evolution: Witness the transformation of archaeology from interest to scientific discipline. Understand the contributions of pioneers like Pit Rivers and Flinders Petrie.
20th Century Advancements: Dive into theoretical and methodological progress in archaeology. Learn how war, technology, and new theories shaped the field.
Conclusion: Grasp the multi-phase evolution of archaeology, culminating in the practice of postprocessual archaeology. Gain a nuanced perspective on our understanding of the past.
📞 Connect with Chanaka Kamal:
For inquiries, discussions, or feedback, visit Kamal's website at kamalsjournal.com or find him on Tumblr as ChanakaKamal and Twitter as KamalWMC.
Explore the rich history of archaeology, from its origins to its modern application. This presentation is an excellent resource for anyone seeking to understand the evolution of this dynamic field, whether you're an archaeology enthusiast or a BA level student.
It is an introduction to Archaeology and the recovery of social history of India through Archaeological sources. In this presentation i only sad about Prehistoy, Protohistory and Early History of India through Archaeological sources. I hope it will help you all to know more about archaeology and early history of India.
This paper reviews the credibility of the 'Aryan' Theory, in the light of recent archaeological. archaeogenetic and archaeolinguistic evidence, in the Indian context.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
1. 116
Man and Environment XLIII(1) – 2018
Among the many things that our ancestors left behind,
nothing is more evocative and exciting than their signatures
on rock. Painted and engraved walls of caverns, rock
shelters, and boulders present us an avenue to walk through
archaic expressions of human societies as well as their
cultural traditions by use of lines, forms, and colours. Rock
art is regarded as a purposeful modification of bare rock
surface to produce preconceived forms and images, both in
paintings and engravings. It can also be defined as ‘human
made markings placed on natural stone’. Its antiquity
ranges from the Palaeolithc to the Historic period. Rock
art is an important evidence of human creation through the
vicissitudes of time and space.
The spectrum of Indian rock art is vast in terms of
their thematic and stylistic contents. It is outstanding in
its magnitude, vividness, and richness. In some respect
it is unique in the world, forming an important part of
cultural heritage. This book deals with rock art of the
Vindhyas, one of the most important regions of the Indian
subcontinent. Several scholars such as Archibald Carlleyle,
John Cockburn, Manoranjan Ghosh, Bridget Allchin, R.K.
Varma, and Rakesh Tewari have contributed to the subject
and worked in this area.
The present volume is an outcome of the Indian
Council of Historical Research sponsored research project
titled “The Documentation and Analysis of the Rock Art
of Uttar Pradesh with Special Reference to the Rock Art of
Mirzapur District”. Considering the various shortcomings
of attempts made by earlier researchers, the author has
adopted a multi-disciplinary approach employing recent
trends in research methodology to fully understand the
potential of the area. This book is a kind of report of the
survey carried out, as the author highlights the merits of
his assessment of the rock art imagery, of the chosen study
area. It has nine chapters besides an acknowledgement,
glossary, bibliography and index.
Chapter 1 has provided an archaeological as well as
geographical overview of the Vindhyan region in order to
set up a background to discuss Vindhyan rock art. Here,
attention is paid to the Pleistocene climatic regimes and
their human and animal components. Chapter 2 deals
with the steps followed in this research. This chapter also
critically evaluates earlier works and its bearing upon the
present research. Chapter 3 provides a real-time account of
the field survey carried out since 2009 to locate old as well
as new rock art sites. The archaeology of each site, along
with its documentation is also included here. In chapter
4, the author has discussed the rock art imagery of sites
like Wyndham Falls, Likhania Dani, Chuna Dari, Mukkha
Dari, Morhana Pahar and Lekhania Pahar along with their
descriptive details. This chapter basically deals with the
discussion on post-depositional processes based on field
observations. It intends to promote better understanding
of the chronology, settlement and subsistence implications
of Vindhyan rock art besides prospects for its long term
survival. Chapter 6 talks about chronology. Here it
emerges that Mirzapur rock art is of a Late Pleistocene
age. The next chapter is related to a stylistic analysis
and a discussion of the useful categories into which
Vindhyan material may be quantitatively placed. Chapter
8 provides an interpretation to the Vindhyan rock paintings
by considering them as local expressions establishing
the gender and ethnicity of the concerned groups. A
critical synthesis of the data incorporated from earlier
chapters and a summary forms the concluding chapter in
which ethnoarchaeological insights based on Vindhyan
ethnography is also included.Though a century and a
half of rock art research has offered many explanations
to understand its purpose and meaning, most of the
earlier attempts were provisional; waiting for counter
logical convincing explanations. Here I appreciate Ajay
Pratap for his refreshing approach and a new trendsetting
methodology. Such works would certainly set a better
model for other regions to carry out similar projects. This
book can inspire younger rock art researchers to take up
similar problem-oriented research.
V. H. Sonawane
403, Subhadra Greens, Surya Vilas Society,
Opp. GERI Compound, Gotri,
Vadodara 390021
Email: vhsonawane@rediffmail.com
Rock Art of the Vindhyas: An Archaeological Survey
Ajay Pratap, 2016. Archaeopress, Oxford.