The Ajanta Caves in India contain 32 grottos carved into volcanic basalt rock cliffs over thousands of years using only basic tools. Within the caves are beautifully decorated paintings and sculptures. The oldest cave dates back to the 2nd century BC and some functioned as monasteries containing small rooms where monks would live and rest. Other caves served as temples similar to early Christian cathedrals, containing decorated pillars and large Buddha statues. The exquisite artworks found within the caves, some over 1500 years old, demonstrate skilled use of perspective and realism that was unprecedented at the time.