Dr. Amir Kassam, OBE, FSB
Visiting Professor, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading;
Convener, Land Husbandry Group of the Tropical Agriculture Association (TAA);
Former Deputy Director General at WARDA (the Africa Rice Centre) and Interim Executive
Secretary, CGIAR Science Council
Installment 8 of “World Resources Report: Creating a Sustainable Food Future” explores the potential to improve water management in rice production in order to reduce agricultural greenhouse gas emissions and save water. Find out more at http://www.wri.org/blog/2014/12/more-rice-less-methane
Presentation by Abdoulaye Mando at the May 15, 2013 event "Natural Resource Management and Food Security for a Growing Population". For more information visit: http://www.wri.org/event/2013/05/natural-resource-management-and-food-security-growing-population
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Presented by
DR. KIRIT N SHELAT, I.A.S. (Rtd)
National Council for Climate Change, Sustainable Development and Public Leadership (NCCSD)
AHMEDABAD - INDIA
Cereals and pulses sustainable agri food systems under climate changeICARDA
Parallel oral thematic sessions II Cereals and pulses sustainable agri food systems under climate change (ICARDA session)
Organiser: Charles Kleinerman, International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA)
Contact: C.kleinermann(at)cgiar.org
Date: Thursday, 19.09.2019, 14:00 – 15:30 h
Main purpose of the Parallel oral thematic session:
Presentations in this session will show how current research conducted by ICARDA and its partners in the CWANA region can support a transition towards nutrition-sensitive and climate smart cereal-based agri-food systems under irrigated and rainfed conditions. We will show in particular how plant breeding, agronomy, livestock feeding and systems analysis can be combined to support this diversification and sustainable intensification of cereal-based agri-food systems.
Presentation by Mike McGahuey (Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Resources Management Advisor, USAID) and Jerry Glover (Senior Sustainable Agricultural Systems Advisor, USAID) at the May 15, 2013 event "Natural Resource Management and Food Security for a Growing Population". For more information visit: http://www.wri.org/event/2013/05/natural-resource-management-and-food-security-growing-population
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Presentation by Abdoulaye Mando at the May 15, 2013 event "Natural Resource Management and Food Security for a Growing Population". For more information visit: http://www.wri.org/event/2013/05/natural-resource-management-and-food-security-growing-population
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National Council for Climate Change, Sustainable Development and Public Leadership (NCCSD)
AHMEDABAD - INDIA
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Organiser: Charles Kleinerman, International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA)
Contact: C.kleinermann(at)cgiar.org
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Presentation by Chris Reij (Senior Fellow, WRI) at the May 15, 2013 event "Natural Resource Management and Food Security for a Growing Population". For more information visit: http://www.wri.org/event/2013/05/natural-resource-management-and-food-security-growing-population
You've all heard the horror stories: kids going blind for lack of vitamin A, millions stunted by lack of micronutrients, rich country food deserts forcing the poor to eat junk food... It don't have to be this way! Malnutrition is not a curse. It's not even that difficult to fix. And trees are very good friends if you want to fix it!
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Driving Sustainable land productivity through doubled-up legume technology on...africa-rising
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Opportunities for forage improvement through the ILRI GenebankILRI
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Time & Location: 15:00 – 16:30, Room 1, Green Zone
Partners: ICARDA (Leading Role) & INRA Morocco
Presentation by Dennis Garrity (Senior Fellow, World Agroforestry Centre) at the May 15, 2013 event "Natural Resource Management and Food Security for a Growing Population". For more information visit: http://www.wri.org/event/2013/05/natural-resource-management-and-food-security-growing-population
Presentation by Chris Reij (Senior Fellow, WRI) at the May 15, 2013 event "Natural Resource Management and Food Security for a Growing Population". For more information visit: http://www.wri.org/event/2013/05/natural-resource-management-and-food-security-growing-population
You've all heard the horror stories: kids going blind for lack of vitamin A, millions stunted by lack of micronutrients, rich country food deserts forcing the poor to eat junk food... It don't have to be this way! Malnutrition is not a curse. It's not even that difficult to fix. And trees are very good friends if you want to fix it!
Ensuring climate resilience of agro-ecosystems and sustainable management of ...ICARDA
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Driving Sustainable land productivity through doubled-up legume technology on...africa-rising
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Partners: ICARDA (Leading Role) & INRA Morocco
Climate-Smart Agriculture Training for Practitioners
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9-11 October 2018, Tokyo, Japan
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Presented by Lini Wollenberg, Low Emissions Development Flagship Leader, CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS)
Agriculture in developing countries must undergo a significant transformation in order to meet the related challenges of achieving food security and responding to climate change. Projections based on population growth and food consumption patterns indicate that agricultural production will need to increase by at least 70 percent to meet demands by 2050. Most estimates also indicate that climate change is likely to reduce agricultural productivity, production stability and incomes in some areas that already have high levels of food insecurity. Developing climate-smart agriculture is thus crucial to achieving future food security and climate change goals. This seminar describe an approach to deal with the above issue viz. Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) and also examines some of the key technical, institutional, policy and financial responses required to achieve this transformation. Building on cases from the field, the seminar try to outlines a range of practices, approaches and tools aimed at increase the resilience and productivity of agricultural product systems, while also reducing and removing emissions. A part of the seminar elaborates institutional and policy options available to promote the transition to climate-smart agriculture at the smallholder level. Finally, the paper considers current gaps and makes innovative suggestion regarding the combined use of different sources, financing mechanism and delivery systems.
The Brussels Briefing on the subject of “Emerging donors and rising powers in agriculture in ACP countries” took place on Tuesday 27 October 2015 from 9:00h to 13:00h at the ACP Secretariat (451 Avenue Georges Henri, 1200 Brussels, Room C ).
The Briefing discussed the key challenges and new opportunities to enhance South-South and Triangular cooperation. The Briefing : i) reviewed successes and the lessons learned from research and practice; ii) promoted the exchange of information on best practices and drivers of success; iii) fed into the debate various perspectives on policy options. It reviewed the key challenges and opportunities in South-South cooperation in agriculture and the lessons learned from research and practice. It looked at examples of successes in South-South and triangular partnerships across the ACP.
From Farm to Market: The importance of smallholder farmers for the agricultur...ICARDA
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FAO side event at the Global Forum for Innovations in Agriculture, Global Forum for Innovation in agriculture (GIFA), Abu Dhabi, 20-21 MArch, 2017
Accelerating Innovation in Agriculture 2014 01-23 ACIAR
Dr Achim Dobermann, outgoing Deputy Director General (Research) International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) presented a seminar at ACIAR on “Accelerating Agricultural Innovations for the Post-2015 Sustainable Development Agenda” on 23 January 2014
Bruno Gerard presentation during the event "Conservation Agriculture: Overcoming the challenges to adoption and scaling-up" held by IFAD jointly with the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)
A presentation by Director General William Dar in Canberra, Australia on 27 August 2014 titled 'Biofuel initiatives should enhance, and not compromise, food and nutritional security of the poor'.
Presenter: Biksham Gujja
Audience: International Workshop on Rice and Water: Exploring Options for Food Security and Sustainable Environments IRRI, Las Banos
Subject Country: India
Presentation at:
Meeting global food needs with lower emissions:
IPCC report findings on climate change mitigation in agriculture
A dialog among scientists, practitioners and financiers
April 16, 2014
World Bank, Washington, DC
Following the April 13th release of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report on Mitigation, including Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Uses (AFOLU), this event will provided an opportunity to listen to IPCC authors summarize their findings and for all participants to join in a dialog with practitioners and financiers to discuss actionable steps for mitigation in the agricultural sector.
The event was a joint effort of the World Bank, the Global Research Alliance on Agricultural Greenhouse Gases, and the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS).
Innovation for Sustainable Food and AgricultureFAO
Presentación (inglés) de Clayton Campanhola (FAO) en el marco del Eleventh regional planners forum on agriculture and Symposium on innovation systems for sustainable agriculture and rural development, realizado en Barbados del 13 al 15 de septiembre de 2017.
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Conservation Agriculture & SRI for climate change adaptation and food security
1. Inception and Planning Workshop: Sustaining and Enhancing the Momentum for Innovation and
Learning around the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) in the Lower Mekong River Basin (SRI-LMB),
Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok Thailand, 09-12 April 2013
Looking at Conservation Agriculture through the
Lens of Sustainable Production Intensification
Amir Kassam OBE, FSB
University of Reading
Tropical Agriculture Association (TAA)
European Conservation Agriculture Federation (ECAF)
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the UN
2. There is now a structural response to harness
sustainable production intensification based on
what I will present
This is backed by:
-International agencies – FAO, WB, IFAD, EU, ADB, GEF, CIRAD, CBD,
CGIAR Centres …
-Donor agencies - GIZ, NORAD, AFD …
-Foundations - Aga Khan, Howard Buffet …
-NGOs – CARE, Oxfam, World Vision, Concern Inter …
-Corporations – when farmer driven e.g. Syngenta, …
-Universities – Ponta Grossa, Londrina, Evora, Reading, Alberta,
California, Earth, Ludhiana, Teramo, Cornell …
-Farmer associations – Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, Canada, US,
Europe …
-NARS – Embrapa, Canada, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Zambia, India…
3. • Save and Grow: is about
implementing a new paradigm of
sustainable production intensification.
• No single overall solution but all productivity solutions
need to be based on ecologically sustainable
production intensification principles such as those of
Conservation Agriculture.
• Mobilize the whole ecosystem rather than fight or
degrade it, and enhance natural capital and the flow of
ecosystem services.
For example, FAO’s response to SPI challenge
Cross Slot Conference and Tour 2012 – Germany/France
3
4. Technical objectives of sustainable intensification
• Agricultural land productivity – yield and output
• Enhanced input-use efficiency – production
factor productivities
Simultaneously!
• Natural capital and ecosystems services
• Use of biodiversity – natural and managed
(and carbon) to build farming system resilience
But how? What does this mean in practice?
4
5. Conventional productivity approach
regular tillage, clean seedbed, exposed
Effects:
• Loss of organic matter
• Destruction of biological life & processes
• Soil compaction
5
6. Land degradation due to tillage
6
Depleted water infiltration due to
soil compaction
8. A healthy soil in which roots can
perform its functions looks like this
8
9. Sustainable productivity approach
Empirical and scientific evidence internationally shows ....
• No or minimum mechanical soil
disturbance by – seeding or planting
directly into untilled soil
• Maintenance of organic matter
cover on the soil surface – using crop
residues and cover crops to build soil health
• Diversification of species -- both annuals
and perennials - in associations, sequences
and rotations
Plus complementary crop, nutrient, water & pest
Management == Conservation Agriculture
9
11. Ecological foundation of sustainable
agriculture production (CA)
Minimum soil
disturbance
Soil Cover Crop Diversity
11
12. CA does not solve ALL problems
(NO panacea) but complemented with
other practices CA base allows for
high production intensity and
sustainable agriculture
in all land-based
production
systems.
Ecological Base of CA
Minimum soil
disturbance
Soil Cover Crop Diversity
Integrated
Pest
Management
Integrated
Plant
Nutrient
Management
Integrated
Weed
Management
Integrated
Water
management
Sustainable
mechanization
Compaction
management,
CTF
Permanent
Bed and
Furrow
Systems
System
of Rice
Intensification
Good seed
Genetic potential
Genetic resources mgmt
Pollinator/
Biodiversity
management
Organic
agriculture
12
13. Conservation Agriculture
13
Benefits are documented where CA has been
applied over a longer time and large area: Canada,
Brazil, Australia, Argentina.
Conservation Agriculture: Imapcts
Cross Slot Conference and Tour 2012 – Germany/France
14. Conservation Agriculture
14
Similar reports are now appearing increasingly from
small scale farmers and from other regions:
Conservation Agriculture - Impacts
Cross Slot Conference and Tour 2012 – Germany/France
15. Conservation Agriculture
CA opens the way for diversified and integrated
production:
• Horizontal integration of other
production sectors
(agro-forestry,
crop-livestock
integration!)
• Ecosystem services
• Labour saving allowing vertical integration in the
value chain
• Employment generation and local and national
economic development
15
Conservation Agriculture – Wider picture
Cross Slot Conference and Tour 2012 – Germany/France
16. •Erosion & loss of productivity: North
America, Brazil, China
• Drought & loss of productivity:
China, Australia, Kazakhstan, Zambia,
Kenya
• Cost of production & energy
efficiency: global
• Ecosystem services with
productivity: global
• Increasingly a preferred
choice for SPI including CC: global
Conservation Agriculture
AG department brainstorming, April 12, 2012
Drivers for adoption of CA
16
17. USA 26.5
Canada 13.5
Australia 17
Europe 1
Kazakhstan 2
Africa 1
Brazil
25.5
Conservation Agriculture globally 125 Million ha
(9% of cropland -- 2011)
Argentina 25.5 (10.5)
Paraguay 2.4
China 3.1
tropical savannah
continental, dry
temperate, moist
temperate, moist
continental, dry
irrigated
smallholder
smallholder
smallholder
arid
arid
large scale
large
scale
large scale
large scale
large scale
large scale
subtropical, dry
tropical savannah
other LA 2.4
>50% W
(30%)
15%
79%
100% West
(35%)
Russia,
Ukraine 5.1
FAO
Impact
?
?
Cross Slot Conference and Tour 2012 – Germany/France
World total 2008 = 95 Million ha 17
18. Global CA area (million ha) over time
History and Development
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00
140.00 125
Increasing at 10 M ha p. a.
Cross Slot Conference and Tour 2012 – Germany/France
18
19. Pattern of impacts of CA
Conservation Agriculture
• Increase yields, production, profit
(depending on level and degradation)
• Less fertilizer use (-50%)
less pesticides (-20%)
• Less machinery and
labour/drudgery & fuel
consumption (-70%)
• water needs (-30%)
• More stable yields – lower impact of climate
(drought, floods, heat, cold) – CC adaptability
• Climate change mitigation (C sequestration)
• Lower environmental cost (water, infrastructure)
Wheat yield and nitrogen amount for different
duration of no-tillage in Canada 2002 (Lafond
2003)
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
0 30 60 90 120
nitrogen (kg/ha
Grainyield(t/ha)
20-year no-tillage
2-year no-tillage
AG department brainstorming, April 12, 2012
19
21. Itaipu dam today (source: Itaipu Binacional)
Water resources are threatened by
conventional tillage agricultural practices.
Conservation Agriculture is an alternative
to reduce impacts on river’s quality and to
maintain a high level of productivity and
sustainability.
Cultivating Good Water Programme
And what happened to Brazil’s river of tea?
21
22. Conservation Agriculture
• Conservation Agriculture is capable of serving as a basis for
sustainable food and agriculture production intensification
• Conservation Agriculture spreading exponentially world-wide
• Transformation to CA has been farmer-driven
• CA shows globally similar positive results, including for women
• CA is only in very few cases promoted by policies
• Several constraints but can and are being addressed but needs to
be accelerated
22
Concluding remarks
Cross Slot Conference and Tour 2012 – Germany/France
23. CA is proving to be widely applicable and a good
solution for:
Sustainable production intensification with
ecosystem services in all field-based production
systems, and can contribute to resilient rural
livelihoods and poverty reduction.
23
Thank you for your attention.
More information: http://www.fao.org/ag/ca
And finally ….
24. Experiences in Asia
24
•Special challenge: convert paddy rice to CA
• India, Bangladesh and Pakistan experiment
with components of CA
• 5 million ha of no-till wheat in Indo-Gangetic
Plains across India, Pakistan, Nepal and
Bangladesh, in the wheat-rice double cropping
system, but only marginal adoption of permanent no-till systems
and full CA because of puddled rice.
• Double no-till wheat-rice system now being ‘rolled’ out.
• In India no-till systems being tried out in rainfed areas.
Cross Slot Conference and Tour 2012 – Germany/France
25. Experiences in Asia
25
Growing interest in CA in Cambodia, Laos,
Vietnam
•China promotes CA officially as means against
drought, dust storms, erosion; subsidies for
equipment
• Kazakhstan promotes CA in wheat growing areas in the North
• DPR Korea promotes CA to fight hunger
Cross Slot Conference and Tour 2012 – Germany/France
26. No-till Rice:
• no puddling
• no flooding
• less CH4
• less N2O
• less water
28. Conservation Agriculture in Bangladesh
example of 2WT-based CA technologies: (a) strip-
tillage in Bangladesh; (b) direct seeding with the
Australian designed Rogro seed drill; (c) Brazilian two-
row direct seeder; and (d) bed planter in Bangladesh.
28
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
Example of 2WT-based CA technologies: (a) strip-tillage in Bangladesh; (b) direct
seeding with the Australian designed Rogro seed drill; (c) Brazilian two-row direct
seeder; and (d) bed planter in Bangladesh.
29. CA adoption in sub-Saharan Africa
(‘000 ha) – Total 1.01 Million ha in 2011, 600,000 since 2008
Ghana, 30.00
Kenya, 33.00
Lesotho,
2.00
Malawi,
16.00
Madagascar, 6.00
Mozambique, 152.00
Namibia, 0.34
South Africa,
368.00
Sudan, 10.00
Tanzania, 25.00
Zambia, 200.00
Zimbabwe, 139.30
Cross Slot Conference and Tour 2012 – Germany/France
29
30. Experiences in Sub-Saharan Africa
Conservation Agriculture
30
• Commercial farmers use CA mainly due to
drought and cost problems
•CA is part of regional agricultural policy (CAADP)
• Increased interest by governments and
development organizations – CA successful
model for emergency and rehabilitation projects
• Increase of CA adopters among small scale
farmers in Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi
due to development projects and support programmes
Cross Slot Conference and Tour 2012 – Germany/France
32. Longer term maize grain yields on farmers
fields in Malawi - Lemu
32Harvest year
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Maizebiomassyield(kgha
-1
)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
Conventional control, maize (CPM)
CA, maize (CAM)
CA, maize/legume intercropping (CAML)
a
a
a a
b
b
aa
b
b
a
a
b
a
a
b
a a
33. Longer term maize grain yields on farmers
fields in Malawi - Zidyana
33
Zidyana
Year
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
YielddifferencebetweenCAandCP(kgha
-1
)
-4000
-2000
0
2000
4000
6000
CAML
CAM
C
35. Economic viability-Malawi
Lemu Zidyana
CP CA CAL CP CA CAL
Gross Receipts 528.6 881.5 979.7 1047.2 1309.5 1293.7
Variable costs
Inputs 238.5 341.0 353.6 221.7 323.7 346.1
Labour days (6 hr days) 61.7 39.9 49.4 61.7 39.9 49.4
Labour costs 159.5 103.2 127.9 155.6 100.7 124.7
Sprayer costs 1.7 1.2 1.7 1.2
Total variable costs 398.1 445.9 482.8 377.3 426.1 472.1
Net returns (US$/ha) 130.5 435.5 497.1 669.9 883.3 821.9
Returns to labour (US$/day) 1.8 5.2 4.9 5.4 9.8 7.6
Source: Ngwira et al., 2012
36. Adoption of CA in Malawi....
(16,000 ha; 35,000 farmers)
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
AreaoffarmerspracticingCA(ha)
NooffarmerspracticingCA
withTLCsupport
Farmers Total Area
36
37. Conservation Agriculture:
an approach to reducing food insecurity
Current CA area in Malawi is: 16,000 ha; 35,000 farmers
“In both study locations (Lemu & Zidyana) CA monocrop maize and
CA maize–legume intercrop gave higher water infiltration than the
conventional treatment. Improvements in crop productivity, overall
economic gain and soil quality have made CA an attractive system
for farmers in Malawi and other areas with similar conditions.
However, for extensive adoption of CA by smallholder farmers,
cultural beliefs that crop production is possible without the
ubiquitous ridge and furrow system and residue burning for mice
hunting have to be overcome.”
Ngwira, Theierfelder & Lambert (2012) Journal of Renewable energy
and Food Systems, August issue
37
38. What can we learn from these examples?
From CIMMYT
• Yield comparisons are good BUT, more important, are the initial
socio-economic benefits.
• Under the same fertilizer level, signficant yield increases can be
expected after 3-5 cropping season.
• CA benefits appear in high potential and low potential areas.
• Women benefit at various levels. Land preparation is manual
labour reduced by 20-25 labour days per ha. With herbicides for
weeding, another 15-20 labour days per ha which mostly
benefits women.
38
39. Itaipu dam today (source: Itaipu Binacional)
Water resources are threatened by
conventional tillage agricultural practices.
Conservation Agriculture is an alternative
to reduce impacts on river’s quality and to
maintain a high level of productivity and
sustainability.
Cultivating Good Water Programme
And what happened to Brazil’s river of tea?
39
40. CA is proving to be widely applicable and a good
solution for:
Sustainable production intensification with
ecosystem services
that can contribute to resilient rural livelihoods
and poverty reduction.
40
Thank you for your attention.
More information: http://www.fao.org/ag/ca
And finally ….