This document discusses air preheaters, including their types, working principles, and advantages. It describes that air preheaters heat incoming air to increase the thermal efficiency of industrial processes. There are two main types - tubular/recuperative preheaters which use tubes to separate and heat incoming air, and feed water/regenerative preheaters which alternate heating and cooling plates to transfer heat. Air preheaters provide benefits like increased thermal efficiency and easier operation with different fuels.

2.  What is Air preheater
 Working applications of air preheater
 Types of air preheaters
 Advantages of air preheaters

4.  Air preheaters are classified as any kind of device that is used
to heat the air to a certain temperature. The heated air is then
then utilized as a primary source of energy to increase the
thermal efficiency of the following process.
 Air-preheaters are placed at the beginning of the process and
are used individually or to replace heat-exchangers already in
place.

5.  Air Preheaters are designed on the basis of the kind of
medium and the temperature required for the application. A
small sized preheater is designed in such a way that more
heating takes place in a smaller case.
 This is achieved by arranging a group of smooth surfaced
tubes through which the media can flow through.
 However, it is found out that Air-Preheaters function in a
more efficient way when a number of them are used
collectively. Depending on the type of flow in the pre-heater,
the design of the pre-heater will change.
 Usually a standard pre-heater will have counter flow, co-
current flow, co-current flow-counter current or cross-
counter current or cross-co-current flow type media.

6.  On the basic level there are two types of Air-Preheaters
namely,
 Tubular or Recuperative Type
 Feed Water or Regenerative Type

7.  Tubular preheaters are preferred in smaller and medium
sized boilers. Here the construction of the preheater restricts
the flow of the media to be carried in tube shaped walls.
 The media is separated by these tubes and the air to be
heated is passed through these tubes by force.
 The heat exchange takes place between the heated media and
the air after which the air is carried out for its further process.

8.  A feed water preheater has a stationary rotating
hood. The heat exchange between air and the
media takes place by alternate heating and cooling
of the ceramic or metallic plates which rotate
continuously.

9.  From pre-heating the air to be it far more effective an air-
heater has several other advantages. These include increasing
the thermal efficiency of the entire system, improving the
strength of the combustion chamber (If used in IC engines)
and easy use with all types of fuels and can easily be fitted in
most existing systems.
 What are the applications of an Air-Preheater?
 Industrial steam boilers
 Industrial drying processes
 Refinery & petro chemical furnaces
 Incinerators

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 What is an adiabatic cooling system?
 Adiabatic cooling is the process of reducing the temperature
of a process through a change in air pressure caused by
volume expansion. The use of adiabatic process enables free
cooling methods which can be used freely as they are
available in a natural phenomenon to regulate temperature.

11.  A Desuperheater is a device which has the capability to
transfer heat to or from the ground, which can be later
utilized for any purpose. It uses the earth all the time without
the need of any heat source (Usually in the winter) or a heat
sink (In the summers).
 This process takes advantage of the moderate temperatures
in the ground for boosting efficiency and reducing the
operational costs of heating and cooling systems which when
combined with solar heating form a geosolar system with
even a greater efficiency. A Desuperheater can have a variety
of uses from heating the in your storage to other household
related applications.

12.  Superheated steam is a steam which is at a temperature
higher than the saturation temperature for the steam
pressure. If further heated is added to this batch of
steam, then the steam will,
 Will be at a higher temperature then the saturation
temperature
 Contain more energy than the saturated steam
 Has a greater specific volume than the saturated steam
 The relationship between these three properties is
referred to as the desuperheating theory.

13.  The total installed length of a desuperheated will vary in size
and length but is typically about 7.5m.
 Depending on the type of flow, desuperheaters should be
installed in the opposite direction, i.e – if the flow is upwards
then the desuperheater should be installed vertically.

14.  Here are some types of desuperheaters that are used more
commonly,
 Venturi type desuperheater
 Steam atomising desuperheater
 Variable Orifice desuperheater
 Combined pressure control valve superheater

15.  Power generation
 Process controllability
 Thin pipes and lighter flanges
 Prevents lubrication degradation
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