AIOU Code 622 Solved Assignments Autumn 2022.pptx

Course: Elementary School Management (622) Semester: Autumn, 2022
Skilling.pk Diya.pk Stamflay.com
Level: M.Ed ETE
Assignment no 1
Q.No.1 Explain close connection between home life and school life. What measures
can be taken for securing cooperation?
As a parent, you are the major provider of your child's education from birth through
adolescence. You guide the development of her character and mental health and help form
the foundation from which she'll develop lifelong attitudes and interests. And because your
home is the primary environment in which your child's potential and personality will take
shape, it's important to make sure that you create a positive, open atmosphere that will not
only support what goes on in the classroom, but will also instill the desire to learn.
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It is through your love and encouragement that your kids will become motivated — first to
please you, and then to please themselves. This leads to self-confidence, curiosity, the
enjoyment of mastering new tasks, and other healthy attitudes, all of which contribute to
successful learning.
But unless you are home-schooling, you will not be the one teaching your child science or
geography. And while it's true that all of the facts, skills, and concepts your children learn
at school are influenced by what you do at home, your child's education is equally impacted
by the relationships you form with her teachers. Building an effective relationship with the
teacher is a critical task, and, like you, every teacher wants to achieve this goal. As with
any relationship, mutual respect, the ability to listen, and lots of communication form the
foundation.
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When parents and teachers work well together, everyone benefits. Parents and teachers can
provide each other with unique insight and different perspectives about the same child,
culminating in a more complete understanding of that child, her abilities, strengths, and
challenges. The teacher will know much more about the curriculum and the school culture,
while you know more about your child's personality, tendencies, and family life. A
successful parent-teacher partnership also shows a child that an entire team of adults is on
her side.
Why What You Do at Home Is So Important at School
A positive relationship with your child is more important to her school career than your
constant presence in the classroom. Because young children identify strongly with you,

your attitudes, values, and innermost feelings are contagious. They become embedded in
your child's mind at the deepest levels.
If your own experience with school was miserable, you might feel anxious about your
child's school experiences. Your child will sense this, and it could hamper her ability to
throw herself wholeheartedly into learning. She may feel disloyal if she allows herself to
like school and work hard, even if your words are telling her to do so.
For your child's sake you'll need to put the past behind you and "start over," assuming that
your child's teachers, school, and overall experience will be good and happy. Even if you
didn't like school, the best way to help your child is to endorse her experience: Get
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involved, be positive, and trust her teachers. She will get the message: "School is important;
I want you to engage fully."
Make Quality Time for Your Child
It might sound obvious, but today, parents' schedules are full to overflowing. The good
news is that there are easy ways to enjoy time with your child that also support learning.
You can be available during play dates, snuggle on the sofa while watching a good video
together, take a nature walk in the park, make appreciative comments from time to time as
your child plays, cook something yummy together, or just hang out and chat. All these
things support your child's deep belief that you know her, care about her, and would never
expect her to do something that isn't possible — such as learn in school.
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Become an Active Partner in Learning
Most educators believe in parent participation in children's education, but "participation"
means different things to different teachers. To some, it might mean helping children with
homework, returning notes and sending things in on time, and coming to a conference when
notified to do so. But it should mean much more. Work with the teacher to find out some
ways you can contribute to the classroom, but always be sure to do it within the guidelines
she'll provide for you. By the same token, you have valuable insight about your child —
no one knows her better than you — so it's important to take initiative and communicate
that knowledge to the teacher throughout the school year.
First, be sure to provide details about your child's home life to your teacher. The most
effective teachers have a fairly complete understanding of each child in their class. You
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can help by telling her about your child's family life, including any recent changes (divorce,
a death in the family, or illness, for example), important traditions or rituals, languages
spoken at home, and other significant details unique to your child.
Ask about ways to share your culture — food, music, photos, and traditions — with the
class. Not only will this help strengthen your child's self-esteem, it will also enrich the
learning experience for the entire class and foster an appreciation of diversity. Between the
ages of 3 and 8, kids are beginning to deal with a world bigger than the family, and they
become keenly aware of every difference between themselves and their peers.
Plan to have a family discussion each week. Try to pick a topic that emerges from your
child's experiences at school. The more you familiarize yourself with the daily routines and
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activities at preschool, the more you'll be able to encourage this type of conversation. You
can even extend the idea into an art project or create a family "book club" where everyone
reads something relating to this theme.
Get the entire family involved. As often as possible, try to participate in field trips and
classroom events such as potlucks, story parties, art shows, and class celebrations. Include
grandparents, siblings, caregivers, and family friends. Your child will be delighted.
For parents and teachers alike, the goal is to play active roles in your child's life and to
work towards forming a real bond. The child's best interest is always served when she has
lots of people rooting for her and all the pieces of her life fit together. A strong home-
school connection will set the stage for a child who will grow up with a love for learning.
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Q.No.2 Describe scope of school management. Explain islamic concept of
management
This scope of school management is very vast. It includes everything regarding the efficient
functioning of the educational institution, securing the greatest benefit to the greatest
number through an adoption of practical measures. It interprets and clarifies the functions
and the activities of an educational programme in fruitful relationships and harmonizes
their mutual action. It ensures sound planning, good direction and efficient and systematic
execution.
The scope of school management covers the following:
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I. Intellectual development of the child.
II. Moral development of the child.
III. Social development of the child.
IV. Physical development of the child.
V. Aesthetic development of the child.
VI. National and emotional integration of the child.
VII. Vocational development of the child.
A. Relationship between Organization, Administration and Management
1. Organization
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It refers to the form of the enterprise or institution and the arrangement of the human and
material resources functioning in a manner to achieve the objectives of the enterprise. It
represents two or more than two people respectively specializing in functions of each
perform, working together towards a common goal as governed by formal rules of
behavior.
2. Administration
It is concerned with the determination of corporate policy and the overall coordination of
production, distribution and finance.
3. Management
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It refers to the execution of policy within the limits which are established by administration
and the employment of the organization as required.
Relationship
Sheldon states, “Organization is the formation of an effective machine; management, of
an effective executive; administration, of an effective direction. Administration defines the
goal; management strives towards it. Organization is the machine of management in its
achievement of the ends determined by Administration.
B. Scope and Importance of School Organization
The scope of school organization is very vast. It includes; efficiency of the institution,
securing benefits of the school through practical measures, clarification of the functions of
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the school, coordination of the educational programmes, sound educational planning, good
direction, efficient and systematic execution. It provides close collaboration and sense of
sharing responsibilities, organized purpose and dynamic approach.
Any organization plays a vital role in the life of human being. It plays different functions
like; brings efficiency, guide pupil to receive right direction from the right teachers, enables
the pupil to get profit from their learning, bring coordination of the student-teacher-parents-
society. It provides well defined policies and programmes, favorable teaching learning
situation, growth and development of human beings, make use of appropriate materials,
effective development of human qualities, execution of the programmes, arrangement of
the activities, efforts for attainment of the objectives etc.
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In school organization, there is a great role of economy, men, and material to achieve the
desired objectives. Following there is a great role of different subject which is called the
scope in the school organization.
1. Role of School Plant
It is a comprehensive term which means, building, playground, furniture, equipment,
library, laboratory etc. all those physical facilities which are required for achieving various
objectives of the school organization constitutes the school plant. Optimum utilization of
school plant helps in achieving fruitful results and desired objectives.
2. Role of Curricular and Co-Curricular Activities
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Kerr defined curriculum as, “all the learning which is planned and guided by the school
whether it is carried on in a group or individually, inside the school or outside it”. He further
states that it can be divided into four inter-related components i.e., curriculum
objectives, knowledge, learning experiences and curriculum evaluation. Curricular
activities involves games, sports, scouting, hiking, debates, essay writing, workshops,
symposiums, naat competitions, role playing, discussion, seminars which play their
important role for comprehensive development of the personality of the child.
3. Role of Human Resources
Human resources of the school are students, teaching staff and non-teaching staff. There is
no betterment without teacher in the school. Proper planning and organization of teaching
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learning activities can only be achieved through Cooperation, willingness, involvement,
fellow feelings and devotion of teachers, students, librarians, assistants, peons, etc.
4. Role of Financial Resources
Utilization and development of financial resources have its great importance in school
organization. School organization requires proper budgeting, accounting and audit system
because these are beneficial for making transparent policies, plans, rules and regulation.
Q.No.3 What are objectives of resource management? Discuss learning resources for
elementary school
At a glance, the objective of resource management seems like it’s all about planning and
tracking resources used to complete a specific job. But in reality, resource management is
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about so much more. When used properly, resource management also has the ability to
improve profitability, prevent over-scheduling or under-scheduling resources, better
predict job costs, make more informed hiring decisions, and improve the scalability of your
company.
But to understand the breadth of resource management, we have to understand its
objectives.
6 Objectives of Resource Management
Looking at resource management as a business tool instead of as simply a project
management tool can help improve Business Intelligence and systems that support and
accelerate company growth.
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Below are 6 of the best objectives of resource management to drive company value.
1. Improve the Profitability of Projects
The benefits of resource management come before a project ever starts by helping to
improve the profitability of projects.
First, resource management helps estimate a project by building out a plan for the resources
needed to complete the project. This helps the project manager properly identify costs.
Resource management software eliminates guesswork in the estimating process by
detailing exactly which resources will be needed and in what quantities to complete a
project. It will also calculate the costs associated with those resources so the project
coordinator can better predict profits.
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The second way resource management can improve the estimating and profitability process
is through comparing profitability scenarios based on different combinations of resources.
This helps the project coordinator determine the best mix of resources to maximize the
profitability of a project.
2. Plan for & Schedule the Resources You Need
Quoting a project is one thing, but scheduling resources to predictably complete the project
within the proposed time frame is another. This is why resource planning and scheduling
is one of the main objectives of resource management. With resource management tools,
users can drag and drop resources into the project outline produced in the estimating stage
of the project.
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Resource management tools like Kantata allow you to see which resources are available
and when at a glance, and even have simple search and filter tools that narrow down your
resource search to the resources that have the skills needed to complete the specific needs
in your task.
3. Use Resources Effectively
Besides scheduling to manage projects, resource management can also be used to manage
your teams more effectively. It can give you insight into what resources you have available
and what their current schedules look like. Is there one resource you tend to overload or
another that is underused? Resource management can help make sure you’re maximizing
(but not overloading) your resources.
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Resource management tools can also help you see which resources are more profitable than
others. This can help you determine where there may be weak spots or places for additional
coaching within your team to improve the efficacy of your resources.
4. Inform Hiring Decisions
Resource management can also provide objective business data that helps you make more
informed business decisions. With the insights provided in resource management, you can
see whether projects can be more effectively spread between team members, or whether
work capacity is full across the board. This can help provide functional, objective data
about if and when another hire needs to be made.
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This helps take the guesswork out of knowing when to hire, when to augment with
outsourced resources, or when to wait. This can have huge cost-saving benefits for a
company.
5. Provide More Accurate Job Costing
Some of the most important objectives of resource management come after the job is
complete. Predicting better job costs is one of these. The best resource management
software will offer sophisticated reporting tools to analyze your project. These will help
you see planned resource allocation versus actual resource allocation. Comparing budget
to actual is a huge data point for understanding the true cost of your service/project.
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With this post-project reporting, you can see which areas of the project you may have
underestimated or overestimated so you can make the appropriate changes in the future.
This data is not only important for the specific project type, but can also be an important
source of information for your company as a whole. For instance, it can give you insight
into which of your resources are most profitable, what patterns project managers or
salespeople have fallen into when estimating projects, and whether there are any “scope
creep” issues that should be addressed.
6. Improve the Scalability of Your Company
Resource management eliminates the guesswork from job costing, scheduling, and
profitability. Not only does this help maximize margins to improve cash flow, but it also

improves the predictability of service. An effective resource management system will also
create data points and templates that can be reused for future projects to streamline new
work while maintaining consistency.
All of these factors culminate in an environment primed for scalability. By effectively
using a resource management tool, you can produce predictable processes and results in
your company that help you more sustainably support future growth.
Q.No.4 What are the different approaches to analyze the process of management?
Management affecting people, technology, values, and human wants has attracted the
attention of psychologists, anthropologists, sociologists, mathematicians, economists,
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politicians, scientists, physicists, biologists, business administration scholars, and even
practicing managers.
May various schools of management thought, each employing certain beliefs, views, and
disciplines, have come into existence.
Empirical Approach:
1.It developed by the study and analysis of cases and comparative approaches.
2.The application of practical techniques in comparable situations can attain through the
study of success and failures.
3.This approach intends to generalize a case study to establish theories as useful guides for
the future course of action.
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Inter-Personal Behavior Approach:
1.It also terms as Behavioral Science, leadership, Human behavior approach.
2.It focuses on interpersonal relations and personality dynamics.
3.Approach lens heavily on the human aspect of management.
Decision Theory Approach:
1.Emphasizes on decision making being the core of management.
2.It involves the organizational group’s decision making or analysis of the decision-making
process.
3.An attempt made to cover the social and psychological aspects of decision-makers.
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Mathematical Approach:
1.Analysts believe that planning, decision making, and organizing conform to logical
process, then the same can be presented in mathematical symbols.
2.Operation researchers and analysts primarily belong to this group.
3.It is closely related to the decision theory approach.
Systems Approach:
This approach regards an enterprise as a system. A system is composed of related and
interdependent elements forming a unitary whole. Every order made up of several
subsystems.
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Similarly, an organization is a view as a system made up of several parts in the form of
departments while each department is independent and accomplishes specific
predetermined goals; the top management coordinates all.
For example, to decide on expanding the productive capacity, data from other departments
in charge of product planning, market research, finance, etc., are collected because of
others’ actions. Thus, the main focus of the systems approach is on the interdependence
and interrelatedness of the various subsystems. Each aspect should not be studied in
isolation but must examine the entire system as a whole.
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Contingency Approach:
This approach is the latest approach to existing methods. According to this approach, there
is no single way or the best way to address a given problem situation. This approach is
opposed to one size fits all formula approach. Managers should not labor under the notion
that managerial principles and techniques have universal applicability.
But manager pursuing a contingency approach shall not apply either theory for the entire
workforce. He would increase the wage for low skilled and unskilled workers while
introducing alternative work options, participative management, and employee
empowerment for talented employees.
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Thus, the contingency approach with situational emphasis and integration of the
environment into management and practice seems more appropriate in the contemporary
context. However, critics point out that there is no theoretical base for a contingency
approach. Further, it is the stat that the efficacy of the contingency approach depends on
managers’ capability to understand a given situation and choose appropriate techniques
instead of positioning itself.
Operational Approach:
1.Actual managing is a real-life situation.
2.Recognizes that there is a central core of knowledge.
3.Consolidated the vital thinking of all approach of management.

Henry Fayol, known as “Founder of Modern management Theory,” grouped the
management elements into five managerial functions and six activities.
Elements/ Functions:-
1.Planning
2.Commanding
3.Controlling
4.Organizing
5.Coordinating
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Activities:-
1.Technical
2.Financial
3.Commercial
4.Security
5.Accounting
6.Managerial
According to Luther Gulick “POSDCORD”
P- Planning
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O-Organizing
S-Staffing
D-Directing
C-Coordinating
R-Reporting
B-Budgeting
Q.No.5 How does educational planning benefit the school? Examine cost-effective
strategies.
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The developments taking place in and the increasing complexity of the educational
system have made educational planning an absolute necessity.
The nation today faces problems such as population explosion, increasing aspirations
among different sections of the society, man-power needs, mismatch between educational
products and the demands of the economy, dwindling resources, ecological imbalances and
haphazard applications of scientific developments.
These problems place demands on the system of education for solutions. In order that the
system of education meets these problems, planning becomes imperative and the
competence to plan becomes mandatory.
Educational planning is an absolute necessity because:
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(1) It ensures success of the institution. It takes into consideration the important issues,
conditions, constraints and factors in education. Its focus is on future objectives, vision and
goals. It is proactive in nature in that it emphasizes perception and ability to apply theory
and profit from it in advance of action.
It clarifies goals and the means to achieve those goals. Thus it eliminates trial-and-error
process, reduces chances of failure and ensures success. In other words, it provides
intelligent direction to activity.
(2) The scarcity of financial and other non-material resources poses a challenge to
education. Planning is a response to such challenges and explores the possibilities of
alternative uses and optimum utilization of limited resources.
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(3) Effective and efficient planning saves time, effort and money.
(4) It is a co-ordinated means of attaining pre-determined purposes.
(5)Education is a public service demanded by the public and supplied by the government.
For any government effort of such a large magnitude as education, planning is absolutely
necessary.
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(6) Educational planning is one of the components of the overall national socio-economic
development. The over-all planning has to provide the objectives of education and the
finances for educational development for accomplishing these objectives.
Course: Elementary School Management (622) Semester:
Autumn, 2022 Level: M.Ed ETE
Assignment no 2
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Q.No.1 Examine first four chapters of Punjab Education Code. What are major
concerns in these chapters?
To review the new Taleemi Calender, following points should be kept:
 Previous distributions method of syllabus as in Taleemi calendar has also been kept in
view during the revision of the new Taleemi calendar.
 The latest addition of Punjab text book board has been consolidated to revise the new
Taleemi calendar, so for the division of chapters, topics and number of pages should
be corrected.
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 Syllabus of 8th class should be finished in December according to the PEC examination
schedule. Month of January is reserved for the revision and examination preparation.
 Subject vise instructions are given on the relevant pages for the effective teaching
learning process.
Classwise detail of Taleemi calender is as follows:
 Class Nursery
 Class 3
 Class 6
 Class 9
 Class 1
 Class 4
 Class 7
 Class 10
 Class 2
 Class 5
 Class 8

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The goal for a well-functioning education system is quality education for all children, in
an inclusive and conducive learning environment. Such a system provides children with
convenient access to school so that they are able to enrol, continue their schooling, and
learn well enough to gain meaningful employment and to contribute to society. Ideally, it
means getting children into school at the right age, establishing a strong foundation for
future learning, and building upon that foundation with age and context appropriate
material, taught by competent and responsive teachers, in wellresourced classrooms. It
means regularly collecting data on schooling and learning outcomes and using this data to
inform continuous improvement. It also means providing targeted support to enable all
students to stay in school, and to learn well, regardless of their personal limitations.

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In Punjab, successive governments have undertaken a series of reforms to enable the
public education sector to improve its performance. These reforms have enabled the
Government of the Punjab (GoPb)‘s School Education Department (SED) to improve
school supply so that, to date, 12.4 million boys and girls are enrolled in 52,470 public
schools1 across the province. A series of successive household surveys2 have reported
improvements in the province‘s primary level (ages 5- 9) participation rate from 84.8% in
2011 to 90.4% in 2017. This improvement has been driven by campaigns and incentives to
increase enrolment in government schools and government funded private schools,
especially in under-served parts of the province. Basic infrastructure has also improved, so
that 95% of government schools have toilets, boundary walls, electricity and running water.

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Student literacy and numeracy levels have also exhibited a steady increase. In a
standardized, sample-based early grade literacy and numeracy assessment (English, Urdu
and Math) administered to Grade 3 students in March 2015, students only responded
correctly to 56% of questions on Grade 1 and 2 literacy and numeracy student learning
outcomes (SLOs). In March 2017, students responded correctly to 77% of questions against
the same SLOs. Punjab also outperforms other provinces in the Annual State of Education
Report (ASER) assessments. Despite these improvements, Punjab still has approximately
five million out of school children (OOSC), out of which over three million are of
secondary school age. Regional disparities also persist, with children in the southern part
of the province having relatively limited access to schooling. The southern districts of
Rahim Yar Khan, D.G. Khan and Rajanpur have the highest number of OOSC in the

province. Girls are less likely to enrol into school, and more likely to drop out earlier, than
boys.
For every 100 students enrolled in Katchi grade, only 28 students remain until Grade 10
(31% for boys and 25% for girls)3 . Disability and economic deprivation still prevent
children from accessing schooling. Even when children are in school, a large number study
in classrooms that are overcrowded and multi-grade. Learning levels are still unsatisfactory
even in single teacher classrooms, and formal assessments to measure learning are still not
routine or standardized. Between 2015 and 2017, student performance remained stagnant
in Punjab Examination Commission‘s (PEC) Grade 5 exams.
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Q.No.2 Describe importance of attendance register. Suggest precautions for the
maintenance of attendance register
Attendance Register is a tool to record the regularity of a student, teacher, employee on a
day to day basis. It is used for payroll/salary purposes except for students.
It consists of records of payroll heads used to calculate the salary like the present, absent,
late comings, holidays, on-job training and other kinds of applicable leaves.
Teachers, Office Admins, and SME business owners need to keep records of employee’s
attendance in detail.
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Previously, the attendance registers were physically maintained on paper sheets or books.
Slowly and gradually, with the increase in the usage of computers, people started
maintaining records on the computer.
Furthermore, with the advancement of technology, we can now see the fingerprint
machines at many companies. These advanced systems are comparatively expensive and
everyone cannot afford it.
In India there about 40%-50% of small and medium-sized companies/institutions that still
maintain their record on excel.
Types of Attendance Register
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There are basically 3 types of attendance registers:
1.Employee Attendance Registers
2.Student Attendance Registers
3.Timesheet Attendance Registers
Let us have a brief understanding of all 3 types.
1. Employee Attendance Register
Employee Attendance Registers is used to maintain records of the presence, absence, sick
leave, etc related to each employee for payroll/salary purpose.
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It consists of records of payroll heads like the present, absent, late comings, holidays, job
training and all other kinds of leaves used to calculate the salary.
The HR department, executives, and business owners then use this data to calculate the
salary of their employees.
Employee Attendance Register Templates in Excel For HR Staff
2. Student Attendance Register
Student Attendance Registers are for seeing the regularity of the student attending the class
for any educational institutions.
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It enables the teachers to maintain the record of students present or absent in their class for
a whole academic year.
In addition to that, it helps to reduce the workload of teachers and save many man-hours
that can be utilized in more fruitful tasks.
Furthermore, these Student Attendance Registers are for purpose of regularity.
3. Timesheet Attendance Register
Timesheet Attendance Registers record the man-hours of employees that are paid on an
hourly basis. These payments can be daily, bi-weekly, or weekly.
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These registers record the number of hours spent by the employee on the job. Traditionally,
it is a sheet of paper with the data arranged in tabular format. Now the timesheets have
become digital.
In simple terms, timesheets are sheets for summarizing hours worked by each worker
during a pay period. It records the time of arrival/departure of workers and calculates the
amount of time spent on each job.
Q.No.3 Why are personal files of teachers and other staff kept secured? What are
principles of maintaining records?
Our education system needs data to improve outcomes for students. Educators use data to
inform instruction, empower parents and communities, and help policymakers make
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decisions and target resources. The question is, how do we ensure that teachers have the
knowledge to make key data privacy decisions and follow best security practices?
For some educators, talking about data privacy and security can be overwhelming. To help
teachers feel comfortable with this topic, a first step is to ensure they understand the
difference between privacy, confidentiality, and security. Most teachers are responsible for
maintaining each of these components:
When considering privacy, teachers should remember that all student personal information
belongs to the student and therefore should be kept private. This information includes
things like assessment results, grades, and demographic information. Teachers can ensure
students’ privacy by empowering them to share only the information they want and helping
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them understand how sharing their personal information can impact them. Confidentiality
comes into play when private data is shared. Students trust their teachers to keep their data
confidential and share it carefully. Teachers are responsible for holding every student’s
data in confidence and sharing it only with necessary parties such as parents, other teachers,
and administrators. Finally, teachers can keep student data both private and confidential by
establishing clear security practices in their classrooms. They may consider things such as
how and where they share student data and how this data is accessed.
Teachers need to understand how privacy, security, and confidentiality apply to their work
in the classroom, specifically the data they gather. Teachers gather and analyze data about
students all year and in many ways, including anecdotal notes, test results, grades, and
observations. Given the use of cloud-based tools responsive to student progress, how

teachers gather and use that data is rapidly changing. Teachers should therefore consider
the variety of data they gather in their classrooms:
Consider, for these different types of data, all of the moments in which educators need to
prioritize student privacy. It may be a matter of keeping a student’s name, password, or
parent information private, or maybe assessment results and grades need to be kept
confidential. Teachers should also prioritize student security when handling login
information or passwords. Only when teachers are aware of these different types of data in
their classrooms can they make thoughtful data privacy decisions.
Once teachers are aware of classroom data, the next step is to evaluate their own security
practices. When teachers choose secure online tools to use with students, safely store
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student data, or teach students best practices for keeping their own data private and secure,
they are creating the best line of defense. Consider the following ideas for secure data
storage:
Some of these practices can help teachers keep student data confidential. For example,
when sharing documents with a tool like Google Drive, teachers should double check who
they share the document with and the rights each individual has (view, edit, or suggest).
This will ensure that only those who have an educational need are able to access the
documents. Other practices can keep student data secure. Some are physical measures such
as not using external storage devices like flash (USB) drives, which can easily be misplaced
or stolen, and using a screen lock with features such as password protection, fingerprint
access, or even facial recognition. Other practices are technical measures, such as using
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only approved cloud storage and email services. Some school districts have even carefully
vetted their preferred and required tools and services to ensure that student data is secure;
therefore, teachers should use only these tools. These considerations and practices can
ultimately ensure student data security.
Once teachers understand privacy, security, and confidentiality in their classrooms, they
should also consider how their roles fit into the overall picture of student data privacy in
education. Safeguarding privacy must be a shared goal and responsibility among all
education stakeholders, starting at the federal level, with laws and guidelines, and
culminating in the classroom, with data privacy decisions and security practices. The
diagram below shows just some of each stakeholder’s responsibilities:
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Q.No.4 Describe objectives
classroom management.
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of classroom management. Suggest techniques of
For beginning teachers, or for teachers like myself returning to teaching, the most
difficult thing to master is classroom management. I had to relearn what ten years of
hard instruction had taught me: Good classroom management is more than just being
strict or authoritarian, and it is more than simply being organized. If I want to have
my classroom run smoothly as a well-oiled learning machine, I have to set up a
structured learning environment in which certain behaviors are promoted and others
are discouraged.
I have discovered that there are five components of effective classroom management
that establish structures strong enough to entice and motivate student learning:
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1.Developing effective working relationships with students
2.Training students on how learning takes place in your classroom
3.Protecting and leveraging time
4.Anticipating student behaviors in well-written lesson plans
5.Establishing standards of behavior that promote student learning
1. DEVELOP EFFECTIVE WORKING RELATIONSHIPS WITH YOUR
STUDENTS
The most important component of classroom management is relationships. The
relationships with my students start at the door when I shake the their hand and greet
them with a smile (regardless of what misbehaviors might have happened the day
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before). Those relationships are strengthened, for example, when I use a student’s
name and actively praise him or her. Those relationships are solidified when I spend
individual time with each student to get to know them and then use that knowledge to
create personal learning opportunities.
From the professional development program, Capturing Kids' Hearts, there was one
takeaway that benefited me the most: If I have a good relationship with my students,
I can push them harder and further to learn because they trust me.
2. TRAIN YOUR STUDENTS ON HOW LEARNING TAKES PLACE IN
YOUR CLASSROOM
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Your students need to know that you do not expect them to instantly learn, that
everyone has an individual process for learning, and that if they follow your guidance,
they will be successful in learning.
This is more than just talking about your homework policy, late work, and absences. It
is revealing to your students how you are going to create -- with them -- a highly
effective, low-maintenance, learning team. For example, I discuss with my students
that the true power of a strategy such as Cornell Notes is not dividing the paper in two
parts. The benefit of that strategy comes from writing the questions on the left side of
the paper while reviewing their notes, and then taking the time to summarize what
they learned. You have a learning philosophy that guides your teaching style; teach it
to your students. Clearly map out for your students what you do to help them learn so
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that when you do it, they know what you are doing and why, and they will be more
willing to help.
3. PROTECT AND LEVERAGE YOUR TIME
An effective classroom manager must be prepared with materials and know how to
transition students from one activity to another without wasting time. The number one
thing we could do to increase our students' academic performance is to increase the
time spent on learning. Time is chipped away by taking attendance, announcements,
summons to the office, restroom breaks, pep rally schedules, class meetings, special
presentations, awards ceremonies, celebrations, and a myriad of other things.
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Some disruptions and time stealers we cannot avoid, but being successful at managing
the classroom also includes managing the time, protecting it, and leveraging it to your
best advantage. In Teach Like a Champion, author Doug Lemov effectively
demonstrates how to use routines to minimize lost time in activities like handing out
papers; he also demonstrates routines to help students train their minds to adopt useful
habits and skills, like being able to quickly answer and ask questions.
4. ANTICIPATE YOUR STUDENTS' BEHAVIORS IN WELL-WRITTEN
LESSON PLANS
Channeling student behaviors, interests, and attention into productive learning paths
requires intuitive lesson planning. First, focus on how students will be able to
demonstrate that they understand and have achieved the learning objective,

emphasizes Grant Wiggins, coauthor with Jason McTighe of Understanding by
Design. Then build learning activities that lead students to that point.
According to Robert Marzano, an education researcher, the focus of our lesson
planning efforts should be getting students to ask and answer their own questions.
Coming up with those types of questions on the spur of the moment can be difficult,
but with a little advanced thought, you can incorporate those types of questions into
your lesson plans. Ultimately, the best discipline management plan is a good lesson
plan.
5. ESTABLISH BEHAVIORAL STANDARDS
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These standards should promote learning, as well as consequences that diminish or
eliminate behaviors that impede learning. They shouldn't be so detailed as to list every
behavior and the corresponding consequence for failure to comply, but they should hit
the main points regarding showing respect, communicating correctly, and coming
prepared to learn. The standards should also interact smoothly with the other four
components, especially teaching your students how learning takes place in your
classroom.
Q.No.5 Discuss library and laboratory as essentials of elementary school
The importance of school library can not be over emphasized. A library is an important
source of knowledge to young minds in schools.It develops the important habit of
reading among the students. Every school should have a library.

The school library plays a great role in the life of students by serving as the store house of
knowledge.The importance of a library in a school cannot be over emphasized.While the
role of the school library remains constant, its design, digital platform, strategies and tools
could change as technology changes.
School libraries help to:
1.Impact positively on the academic achievement of the students. Students can perform
better during examination by reading various books.
2.Facilitate the work of the classroom teacher and ensures each student has equitable access
to resources, irrespective of home opportunities or constraints.
3.Run independent learning programs, which integrate information resources and
technologies
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4.Equip students with the skills necessary to succeed in a constantly changing
technological, social and economic environment.
5.Collaborate with classroom teachers to plan, implement and evaluate inquiry-based
programs that will ensure students acquire skills to collect, critically analyse and
organize information, problem-solve and communicate their findings.
6.Provide and promote quality fiction to develop and sustain in students the habit of
reading for pleasure and to enrich students’ intellectual, aesthetic, cultural and
emotional growth.
7.Cater for differences in learning and teaching styles through the provision of, and
equality of access to, a wide range of curriculum resources – fiction and non-fiction,
digital, print, audio and video.
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8.Provide teachers with access to relevant curriculum information and professional
development materials within and outside the school; and opportunities to
cooperatively plan, implement and evaluate learning program
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