AIDS disease

1. Dr.Ga.BAKAVATHIAPPAN
Associate Professor & HOD of Zoology
SBK College
Aruppukottai-626101
Tamilnadu - India
AIDS

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3. AIDS
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
A = Acquired, not inherited
I = Weakens the Immune system
D = Creates a Deficiency of CD4+ cells in
the immune system
S = Syndrome, or a group of illnesses taking
place at the same time
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4. HIV and AIDS
• When the immune system becomes
weakened by HIV, the illness
progresses to AIDS
Discovered independently by
Luc Montagnier of France and
Robert Gallo of the US in 1983-84
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5. HIV-1 and HIV-2
• • HIV is different in structure from other retroviruses. It is roughly
spherical with a diameter of about 120 nm, around 60 times smaller
than a red blood cell.
• 1 millimetre = 1000 micrometre
• 1 micrometer = 1000 nanometer
• 120 Nanometers = 0.00012 Millimeters
• HIV-1 and HIV-2 are Transmitted through the same routes
• Associated with similar opportunistic infections
 • HIV-1 is more common worldwide
 • HIV-2 is found in West Africa, Mozambique, and Angola
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6. The outer shell of the virus is known as the
Viral envelope protruding cap glycoprotein
(gp) 120 and a stem gp14.
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7. Modes of Transmission
• Homo and Hetero Sexual transmission: anal
and vaginal intercourse, and oral sex
• Same-sex marriage (also known as gay marriage) is
the marriage of a same-sex couple,
• Blood transfusions: contaminated blood
transfusions or organ transplants
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9. Through Drug Use
• Sharing Needles
–Without sterilization
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10. Mother-to-child transmission: passing virus
from mother to fetus, breast-feeding
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11. Oral Candidiasis
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12. • In molecular biology,
CD4 (cluster of
differentiation 4) is a
glycoprotein found on
the surface of immune
cells such as T helper
cells, monocytes,
macrophages, and
dendritic cells.
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13. HIV Life Cycle

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16. AIDS
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normal AIDS

18. AIDS
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19. Symptoms of HIV Infection and AIDS
• Unexplained persistent
fatigue
• Fever, chills, night
sweats
• Unexplained weight
loss
• Swollen lymph nodes
• Pink, red, purple, or
brown blotches
• Persistent dry cough
• Persistent, fuzzy, white
spots in mouth, tongue,
or throat
• Memory loss or
depression
• Persistent vaginal
candidiasis
• Abdominal cramping
(due to Pelvic
inflammatory Disease)
• Persistent Diarrhea
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20. • Public baths
• Handshakes
• Work or school contact
• Using telephones
• Sharing cups, glasses,
plates, or other utensils
• Coughing, sneezing
• Insect bites
• Touching, hugging
• Water, food
• Kissing
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21. HIV Disease
•Progression of HIV disease is measured by:
– CD4+ count These are the cells that the HIV virus
kills. As HIV infection progresses, the number of
these CD4 cells declines. When the CD4 count drops
below 200, a person is diagnosed with AIDS. A
normal range for CD4 cells is about 500-1,500.
• Degree of immune suppression
• Lower CD4+ count means decreasing immunity
– Viral load
• Amount of virus in the blood
• Higher viral load means more immune
suppression
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25. Monogamous relationship
• A mutually monogamous (only one sex partner)
relationship with a person who is not infected with HIV
• HIV testing before intercourse is necessary to prove your
partner is not infected
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27. The combination
of lamivudine and zidovudine is used along
with other medications to treat human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
Lamivudine and zidovudine are in a
class of medications called nucleoside reverse
transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). They work by
decreasing the amount of HIV in the blood.
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