The document provides an overview of the history of European exploration and colonization in the Americas between the 15th-17th centuries. It discusses key explorers like Christopher Columbus, Vasco da Gama, and Amerigo Vespucci. It also summarizes the establishment of colonies by European powers like Spain, France, England, and the Netherlands, as well as some of the prominent early colonies in North America including Jamestown, the New England colonies, and the Middle colonies.

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AHSGE CHAPTER 1
Crusades
• Crusades – Holy _______to regain the Holy Land from the
__________.
• Results – created a _________for Asian spices and silks.
• Routes –___________routes took too long. ______________
began looking for a sea route to Asia.
• Prince Henry of Portugal – (Henry the Navigator)
_______________a school for _______________(the science of
sailing ships).
• Henry’s Navigation School used – ____________(strong sailing
ship), _______________ (instrument to determine location by
using
the stars), ___________magnetized needle which points north.
Renaissance and Reformation
• Renaissance – (rebirth) great cultural________________ and
________________changes during the 14th through 17th centuries.
• What did the Renaissance encourage people to do and why was
this important?
It encouraged people to read literature like the bible and the early
_________________of the church with a critical eye. People wanted
to ______________the church by abolishing
any________________ practices that were not found in the Bible.
• Martin Luther – Began the _____________ Reformation.
• Protestant Reformation – movement to_____________ the Catholic
Church. Many broke away from the Catholic Church to form their
own_______________.
• How did the Catholic Church feel about the Protestant
Reformation and what did they do?
To _____________the Catholic faith many _______________were
sent to the New World in search of ______________among the
Native Americans.
Columbus and the Columbian Exchange
• Christopher Columbus – An Italian ______________representing
Spain in search of a new _________route to Asia.

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• Why was his voyage important? It marked the beginning of
____________efforts by European ____________in the Americas.
• Columbian Exchange – A mixture of European and Western
________________cultures.
• What were some of the good items exchanged?
Europe brought teas, sugar, coffee, horses, and
________________.
New World offered ____________, potatoes, corn and
chocolate.
• What were some of the bad things exchanged?
Europeans brought _______________diseases. These diseases
killed almost 80% of ______________Americans because their
immune systems were not able to _________them off.
European Rivalry and Exploration in the New World
• What did the New World offer European people that Europe did
not?
_______________ for wealth, power, adventure and
more territory.
• What did Spain and Portugal seek?
Gold, ___________ and conversions to the Catholic faith.
• What did France and England seek?
France was mainly ___________in the fur trade. England wanted to
____________ permanent settlements (13 original colonies).
Explorers of the New World
• Bartolomeo Dias – First to sail around the tip of __________ (Cape
of Good____________).
• Vasco Da Gama – First European to find a sea route to
__________(by sailing around tip of Africa).
• Amerigo Vespucci – First to realize the New __________ was an
entirely new continent. ___________is named after him.
• Vasco De Balboa – First to reach the _____________Ocean.
• Ferdinand Magellan – Led first expedition that ____________
around the_____________. He died in route.
Spanish Colonization of the Americas
• Conquistadors –_____________explorers (conquerors).
• Hernando Cortez – conquered the _________Empire.

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• Francisco Pizarro – conquered the_ ___________Empire.
• Francisco Coronado – explored the area of present day New
_________in search of ____________Cities of Gold.
• Hernando De Soto – explored present day ___________, Alabama,
and Mississippi.
• Ponce De Leon – explored Florida looking for The ________of Youth.
• St. Augustine – First ______________city in North America.
____________to control Spanish trade.
French, Dutch, and English Colonization
• The French settle where? Lands around the St. ____________and
Mississippi River (Louisiana).
• The Dutch Settle? Around the __________River (New York area).
• The English settle? Eastern ___________of North America.
Southern Colonies
• Sir Walter Raleigh – Sponsored the first English ____________ at
colonizing the present-day United States in Roanoke near present-day
___________ Carolina.
• The Lost Colony –What the Roanoke colony was called because
it________________.
• Jamestown – The first _____________English colony.
• Joint Stock Company – a private company that ____________
shares to investors.
• House of Burgesses – the first example of a
___________government in the United States.
• Southern Colonies – Virginia, North____________, South
Carolina and Georgia.
• Plantations – large _________devoted to one main crop.
• Indentured Servants – people who became __________for 5-7 years
to pay for their ____________to America.
• Triangular Trade Route – a trade route between the__________,
the American colonies, and West Africa. ____________(sugar), rum,
slaves.

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New England Colonies
• New England Colonies –Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island and
New _____________.
• Puritans and Pilgrims – people who had ____________from the
Church of England and sought ____________freedom in the New
World.
• Mayflower Compact – An agreement that ____________just and
equal laws for all. Helped ____________ to democracy.
Middle Colonies
• Middle Colonies – New York, New Jersey, ____________, Maryland,
and Pennsylvania.
• Quaker –___________ religious group.
• William Penn – founder of_______________.
• Religious group that settle in Maryland?
Roman ____________
• Philadelphia, Pennsylvania – City of___________ love and the
largest ___________in the thirteen colonies.
Social and Economic Life in the Colonies
Proprietors – wealthy ____________who financed the colonies.
Mercantilism – the main ___________system in the colonies. A nation’s
power is _____________by its gold reserves. Belief that
a_________________ needs to export more than it imports.