This presentation discusses agroforestry, which involves growing trees and agricultural crops together on the same land. It includes three components - crops, trees, and livestock. Some key advantages are environmental benefits like reducing pressure on forests and increasing soil nutrients. There are also economic benefits such as multiple outputs and year-round income generation. However, there are also some disadvantages like increased competition for resources and providing habitat for wild animals. Overall, agroforestry can integrate crops, livestock, and forests to provide a more sustainable and productive farming system when properly managed.

1. A presentation on...
AGROFORESTRY
Components
Characteristics
Advantages
Disadvantages
Conclusion
SAGAR BHANDARI
Campus of Live Sciences
Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science
Welcome
Introduction

2. Introduction
Components
Characteristics
Advantages
Disadvantages
Conclusion
CROPS TREES AGROFORESTRY
In the same land at
the same time
 Agros- agricultural crops; and forestry- trees with at least
one perennial.
 International Centre for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF)
was established in 1977, in Nairobi, Kenya to perform
agroforestry research and extension.
 Though agroforestry system is an age old practice in
Nepal, it was institutionalized in 1972 by launching it in
Tamagadhi village of Bara.

3. Introduction
Components
Characteristics
Advantages
Disadvantages
Conclusion
CROP
LIVESTOCK
FOREST
FARM
FAMILY
Mulches, litter, sticks for support
Crop residues, nutrient mobilization
Labour
Milk,
Meat,
etc.
Agroforestry is a peculiar
hill farming system of
Nepal

4. Introduction
Components
Characteristics
Advantages
Disadvantages
Conclusion
Characteristics of Agroforestry system
1. Includes two or more species of plants (or animals); one
of which is perennial.
2. Interaction among woody and non- woody components.
3. Use of multipurpose trees.
4. Always gives two or more outputs.
5. Cropping cycle is longer than 1 year.
6. Complex than mono cropping system.
7. Resource economization.

5. Introduction
Components
Characteristics
Advantages
Disadvantages
follow
Conclusion
1. Environmental benefits
 Reduction of pressure on the forests
 Efficient nutrient recycling
 Ecological balance due to species diversification
 Reduction of run off, nutrient leaching and soil erosion
 Adds organic matter to the soil
2. Economic benefits
 Multiple outputs
 Year round income generation
 Sustained productivity
3. Social benefits
 Increased living standard, especially of the marginal farmers
 Diet diversification
 Can eliminate the shifting cultivation

6. Introduction
Components
Characteristics
Advantages
Disadvantages
Conclusion
Disadvantages of Agroforestry system
 Increased competition
 Over absorption of nutrient from the soil
 Habitat for wild animals
 Allelopathic effects
 Increase of alternate as well as collateral hosts for pests
 More complex management practices
How to overcome the limitations?
1. Legume integration
2. Select deep rooted trees
3. Multistoried cropping system e.g. cardamom under Uttis
tree, ginger or Colocasia under banana canopy, etc.
4. Tree management practices like thinning and pruning
5. Grazing management

7. Introduction
Components
Characteristics
Advantages
Disadvantages
Conclusion
In conclusion, agroforestry integrates crops, livestock and
forest. Though it is an age old practice in hills of Nepal,
farmers are unable to manage it properly. Agroforestry is
in many ways related to the Nepalese way of living like
medicinal uses, fuel, fodder, religion, etc. So, the basic
understandings of agroecosystem and resource
economization can make the hill farming system
sustainable and productive.

8. THANK YOU!