This document presents a project on designing an "Agri-Moistiometer" to measure soil moisture content at different depths from the surface to the root zone. It discusses problems with existing soil moisture sensors and the objectives and innovation of the proposed system. The system methodology, block diagram, implementation details and prototype are described. Results from testing show soil moisture readings at different saturation levels and sensor outputs displayed on an OLED screen and uploaded to cloud storage. The document concludes with a work plan and references.

1. UNDER THE ESTEEMED GUIDANCE OF: PRESENTED BY:
SANTHOSH B PANJAGAL, M.TECH (PH.D.) B.GOWTHAM
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR M.HARI BABU
KUPPAM ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(Recognized by AICTE New Delhi affiliated to JNTU Ananthapuramu)
(Accredited by NBA and ISO 9001:2008 Certified institute)
Kuppam 517425,Chittoor(dist),AP
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
A MAIN PROJECT
ON
“AGRI-MOISTIOMETER”

2. CONTENTS OF PRESENTATION
 Introduction
 Problem Statement
 Objective and Scope
 Innovation
 Overview of the System
 Methodology
 Block Diagram
 Implementation
 Results
 References

3. INTRODUCTION
 Soil moisture (SM) is a crucial part in the lifecycle of a plant, which influences
crop development resulting in high yield.
 SM is extremely unpredictable and influenced by a variety of things such as soil
type, water absorption capacity, climatic conditions, and changes with alteration
of depth.
 The upgradations made in the measuring Soil moisture values produced sensors
which can produce highly accurate values using a controller, solar etc.

4. PROBLEM STATEMENT
 Even though many sensors are present to determine the soil moisture content but we
are not exactly finding the amount of moisture content from the surface to root zone.
We have tensiometer to determine the water tension in the soil which will give analog
reading and that too we need to insert separate tensiometers for each layer at various
depths.

5. OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE
 Objective:
• The main objective of our project is to design an Agri-Moistiometer which is used
 to determine the amount of moisture content present in the soil by dividing it into sections from
surface to root zone based on the length.
 to predict the water holding capacity of the soil.
 Scope:
 In almost all soil tests moisture content of the soil is to be determined.
 The knowledge of the moisture content is essential in all studies of soil mechanics.
 The main scope of this project is to give the information regarding the amount of the water that the root
sucks which will be easy to manage the water resource by informing the farmer.

6. INNOVATION
 Innovating a system where it can measure the soil water content by dividing the soil into
sections from surface to root zone based on the length and also estimate the duration
required to dry the water content in the soil.
 The system will be designed to detect the and predict the values using a digital system
which will be displayed on the display screen and also using IOT the data will be stored in
cloud which can be user friendly to know the details of that particular field without
intervention of the farmer by designing an application.

7. OVERVIEW OF THE SYSTEM

8. METHODOLOGY
Existing systems on soil moisture
measurement like tensiometer
Proposed Innovation for measuring
moisture content in depths
System Analysis and Requirement
Elicitation
Power supply design
Implementing the system and
installing it in soil
Field Testing
Performance Evaluation
Time Schedule
1 Week
1 Weeks
2 Weeks
1 Weeks
3 Weeks
2 days
1 day

9. BLOCK DIAGRAM
DHT 11 Sensor

10. IMPLEMENTATION
 The sensor part will be designed where the sensors like soil moisture, soil temperature probe
sensor will be integrated in a pipe where four moisture sensors are used to detect the moisture in
four levels from surface to root zone by inserting the pipe.
 It also includes a OLED to display the sensor values.
 In VNC viewer the programming will be written for moisture and temperature sensor which will
display its values and also based on the maximum values it will show an alert.
 For example based on the moisture level if the soil is dry then it will show a message like “No
water, watering is required”.
 If the soil contains sufficient water then it will show a message like “I’m sufficient”.
 If the soil contains more water than its requirement then it will display “Stop drowning me”.

11. Contd….
 Power supply for the system is given by using solar and battery.
 The output will be known from the OLED and the data from the sensors will be uploaded to IOT
cloud.
 Then the data will be displayed on the mobile by reading from IOT.

12. PROTOTYPE

13. RESULTS
Figure : Soil Moisture values from ADC
The figure shows the output soil moisture which is tested individually in the pots to know the
output of ADC converter.

14. Figure : Soil Moisture level when the soil is dry
The figure shows the output of soil moisture sensor when the sensor is kept in the dry soil. The sensor reading
will be in percentage. If the soil is completely dry then the percentage will be 100.

15. Figure : Soil Moisture level when the soil is wet
The figure shows the output of soil moisture sensor when the sensor is kept in the water contained
soil.The sensor reading will be in percentage. If the soil is in water, then the percentage will be around 40-
50%.

16. Figure : Soil Moisture level when the soil is fully wet
The figure shows the output of soil moisture sensor when the sensor is kept in fully wet soil. The sensor
reading will be in percentage. If the soil is in fully water, then the percentage will be around 0.

17. Figure : Temperature and Humidity Sensor Readings
The figure shows the output of Ambient temperature and humidity which will be kept outside to know
the temperature and humidity.

18. Figure : Soil Temperature Output Readings
The figure shows the output of soil temperature sensor which will be inserted in the soil to know
the temperature of the soil.

19. Figure: Sensor output reading displayed in OLED
In figure shows the result of moisture level 1, moisture level-2, moisture level-3, soil temperature
and ambient temperature and humidity are displayed on the OLED display.

20. THINGSPEAK
The figure shows the output of soil moisture level-1 and moisture level-2 values where the outputs from the
raspberry pi is uploaded to thingspeak. The outputs of sensors are displayed in graphs as shown above.
Fig : Moisture level -1 and Moisture level -2 outputs

21. The figure shows the output of soil moisture level-3, soil temperature and ambient temperature and
humidity values where the outputs from the raspberry pi is uploaded to thingspeak. The outputs of sensors are
displayed in graphs as shown above.
Fig : Moisture level-3, Soil temperature and Ambient temperature and humidity outputs

22. MOBILE OUTPUT
Fig : Mobile output
The figure shows the output of all sensors where the data from thingspeak is displayed in the mobile using
MIT app.

23. PLAN OF WORK
Work Description Duration In Completing Works Work Done
Project idea and existing system 1 Week Completed
Proposed Innovation 1 Week Completed
Designing the system 1 Week Completed
Interfacing 2 Days Completed
Verification of output 1 Day Completed

24. REFERENCES
 Abouatallaha A, Salghia R, Hammoutib B, Fadlc A El., et al., (2011) Soil moisture monitoring and
 plant stress measurement of young citrus orchard. Der Pharma Chemica, 3 (6): 341-359.
 Ahmed Z (2012) Design of autonomous low power sensor for soil moisture measurement. A master
 thesis submitted to Department of Electrical Engineering, Linköping University, Sweden.
 Gardner, W.H. 1986. Water content. In: Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 1. Physical and Mineralogical Methods (Klute, A., ed). Agronomy Series No. 9. Am. Soc.
Agronomy, 2nd edition, pp. 493-544.
 Mckim, H.L., J.E. Walsh and D.N. Arion. 1980. Review of techniques for measuring soil moisture in situ. United States Army Corps of Engineers, Cold Regions
Research and Engineering Lab., Special Report 80-31.
 Reynolds, S.G. 1970. The gravimetric method of soil moisture determination part I: a study of equipment, and methodological problems. J. Hydrology. Vol. 11,
pp. 258-273.
 Reynolds, S.G. 1970. The gravimetric method of soil moisture determination part II: typical required sample sizes and methods of reducing variability. J.
Hydrology. Vol. 11, pp. 274-287.

25. Any Queries?

26. Thank You