Presenter: Dr. Marie Haga
Executive Director, Global Crop Diversity Trust.
Facing demographic and climate changes, our best and most important tool to develop a resilient agricultural system is found in the natural diversity of crops and within crops. The Global Crop Diversity Trust (Crop Trust) works to safeguard the most important collections of crop diversity in genebanks around the world. This global common good will guarantee farmers and plant breeders have access to the raw materials needed to improve our crops, and ultimately, feed the world.
B4FA 2012 Tanzania: Genetics, plant breeding and agriculture - Tina Barsbyb4fa
Presentation at the November 2012 dialogue workshop of the Biosciences for Farming in Africa media fellowship programme in Arusha, Tanzania.
Please see www.b4fa.org for more information
What do we have to lose? Generating crop diversity and threat monitoring info...Bioversity International
Ehsan Dulloo, Bioversity International Conservation and Availability Programme Leader, presented at the international conference Enhanced genepool utilization - Capturing wild relative and landrace diversity for crop improvement, in Cambridge, UK, 16-20 June 2014.
It is said that “you can't manage what you don't measure”. The unprecedented global loss of agricultural species, varieties and associated traditional knowledge is of increasing concern, threatening the provisioning, regulatory, supporting and cultural ecosystem services of importance to the livelihoods of the poor as well as the welfare of broader society. Such services include such public goods as maintaining agroecosystem resilience and future option values.
Unfortunately, although many crop genetic resources (CGR) are widely recognized as being threatened, there is only limited information available regarding actual status. Only isolated efforts at monitoring have been undertaken. Conventional monitoring efforts, where they exist at all, have been subject to limitations due to ad hoc approaches that lack rigorous survey and sampling approaches, do not adequately account for search effort costs or systematically involve the participation of local-level actors, and are usually based on collections instead of direct observations in the field. Furthermore, the links between specific CGR conservation levels/configurations and the provision of specific ecosystem services are poorly understood.
There is thus an urgent need for the development of a systematic approach to the monitoring of CGR. This presentation draws on the outcome of a recent Bioversity International/CIP international expert workshop aimed at the development of such an approach. The proposed multi-scale approach builds on a wide range of existing monitoring experiences and a review of the literature related to agricultural biodiversity-relevant ecosystem services. A number of proposed indicators that could be used to assess CGR threat levels, be used for monitoring purposes and/or assist in evaluating ecosystem service public/private good trade-offs arising from agricultural intensification are presented, with a view to supporting the potential for prioritizing, designing and implementing on-farm/in situ conservation measures that actively involve farmers, support livelihoods, complement existing ex situ conservation efforts and facilitate access and benefit sharing.
Find out more about Bioversity International work on conserving crop diversity on the farm and in the wild http://www.bioversityinternational.org/research-portfolio/conservation-of-crop-diversity/
Bioversity International policy scientist Ronnie Vernooy gave this presentation at the the Global Consultation on Farmers’ Rights, Indonesia, 27-30 September 2016, organized by the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (Plant Treaty).
The importance of farmers’ rights is recognized in Article 9 of the Plant Treaty.
In this presentation Vernooy shows how a community-based approach to the management of agricultural biodiversity, including supporting community seedbanks, can empower and benefit smallholder farmers and farming communities economically, environmentally and socially. This approach makes implementing farmers’ rights at national level both practical and effective contributing to food and seed security, sustainable livelihoods and resilience.
For more information, please visit:
http://www.bioversityinternational.org/research-portfolio/conservation-of-crop-diversity/community-seedbanks/
http://www.bioversityinternational.org/research-portfolio/policies-for-plant-diversity-management/the-plant-treaty/
Presenter: Dr. Marie Haga
Executive Director, Global Crop Diversity Trust.
Facing demographic and climate changes, our best and most important tool to develop a resilient agricultural system is found in the natural diversity of crops and within crops. The Global Crop Diversity Trust (Crop Trust) works to safeguard the most important collections of crop diversity in genebanks around the world. This global common good will guarantee farmers and plant breeders have access to the raw materials needed to improve our crops, and ultimately, feed the world.
B4FA 2012 Tanzania: Genetics, plant breeding and agriculture - Tina Barsbyb4fa
Presentation at the November 2012 dialogue workshop of the Biosciences for Farming in Africa media fellowship programme in Arusha, Tanzania.
Please see www.b4fa.org for more information
What do we have to lose? Generating crop diversity and threat monitoring info...Bioversity International
Ehsan Dulloo, Bioversity International Conservation and Availability Programme Leader, presented at the international conference Enhanced genepool utilization - Capturing wild relative and landrace diversity for crop improvement, in Cambridge, UK, 16-20 June 2014.
It is said that “you can't manage what you don't measure”. The unprecedented global loss of agricultural species, varieties and associated traditional knowledge is of increasing concern, threatening the provisioning, regulatory, supporting and cultural ecosystem services of importance to the livelihoods of the poor as well as the welfare of broader society. Such services include such public goods as maintaining agroecosystem resilience and future option values.
Unfortunately, although many crop genetic resources (CGR) are widely recognized as being threatened, there is only limited information available regarding actual status. Only isolated efforts at monitoring have been undertaken. Conventional monitoring efforts, where they exist at all, have been subject to limitations due to ad hoc approaches that lack rigorous survey and sampling approaches, do not adequately account for search effort costs or systematically involve the participation of local-level actors, and are usually based on collections instead of direct observations in the field. Furthermore, the links between specific CGR conservation levels/configurations and the provision of specific ecosystem services are poorly understood.
There is thus an urgent need for the development of a systematic approach to the monitoring of CGR. This presentation draws on the outcome of a recent Bioversity International/CIP international expert workshop aimed at the development of such an approach. The proposed multi-scale approach builds on a wide range of existing monitoring experiences and a review of the literature related to agricultural biodiversity-relevant ecosystem services. A number of proposed indicators that could be used to assess CGR threat levels, be used for monitoring purposes and/or assist in evaluating ecosystem service public/private good trade-offs arising from agricultural intensification are presented, with a view to supporting the potential for prioritizing, designing and implementing on-farm/in situ conservation measures that actively involve farmers, support livelihoods, complement existing ex situ conservation efforts and facilitate access and benefit sharing.
Find out more about Bioversity International work on conserving crop diversity on the farm and in the wild http://www.bioversityinternational.org/research-portfolio/conservation-of-crop-diversity/
Bioversity International policy scientist Ronnie Vernooy gave this presentation at the the Global Consultation on Farmers’ Rights, Indonesia, 27-30 September 2016, organized by the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (Plant Treaty).
The importance of farmers’ rights is recognized in Article 9 of the Plant Treaty.
In this presentation Vernooy shows how a community-based approach to the management of agricultural biodiversity, including supporting community seedbanks, can empower and benefit smallholder farmers and farming communities economically, environmentally and socially. This approach makes implementing farmers’ rights at national level both practical and effective contributing to food and seed security, sustainable livelihoods and resilience.
For more information, please visit:
http://www.bioversityinternational.org/research-portfolio/conservation-of-crop-diversity/community-seedbanks/
http://www.bioversityinternational.org/research-portfolio/policies-for-plant-diversity-management/the-plant-treaty/
Presentation hold by Sir Gordon Conway, Professor of International Development, Imperial College London, as part of the first panel of the 30th edition of the Brussels Briefing on “Agricultural resilience in the face of crisis and shocks", organized by CTA in collaboration with the ACP Secretariat, the EC/DEVCO, Concord, and IFPRI on 4th March 2013.
More on: http://brusselsbriefings.net/
Agricultural biotechnology and the economics of food security and climate cha...ExternalEvents
Agricultural biotechnology and the economics of food security and climate change mitigation presentation by "Daniel Sumner, University of California Davis, Davis, United States of America
"
Agricultural biodiversity in climate change adaptation planning: An analysis of the National Adaptation Programmes of Action - a presentation given at the 15th meeting of the Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, FAO, Rome, January 2015. Presentation given by Ana Bedmar Villanueva, Michael Halewood and Isabel López from Bioversity International.
Read a news announcement about the new guidelines for use of agrobiodiversity in climate change adaptation planning
http://www.bioversityinternational.org/news/detail/new-guidelines-for-use-of-agricultural-biodiversity-in-climate-change-adaptation-planning/
This work is carried out in collaboration with the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS).
In light of the 'Soils and pulses: symbiosis for life – A contribution to the Agenda 2030' event that took place at the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO), Bioversity International's researcher Paola De Santis highlighted the importance of pulse diversity in managing pests and diseases in farmers' fields. Planting diverse pulse varieties can reduce the farm’s vulnerability to pests and diseases, and is a risk management strategy for unpredictability in rainfall and temperatures.
Learn more about Bioversity International's research on managing pests and diseases: http://bit.ly/23ZWtBW
Sustainable Management of Biodiversity for Food Security and Nutrition, Jessi...Bioversity International
Jessica Fanzo speaks at the Gorta side event - improving nutrition security through agriculture: ensuring access, quality and resilience. October 21 2011 FAO, Rome as part of celebrations for World Food Day. Read more about Bioversity International’s work on diet diversity for nutrition and health
http://www.bioversityinternational.org/research-portfolio/diet-diversity/
We Manage What We Measure: An Agrobiodiversity Index to Help Deliver SDGsBioversity International
Presentation delivered by M. Ann Tutwiler at the International Agrobiodiversity Congress 2016, held in Delhi, India, 6-9 November.
The presentation outlined a new Agrobiodiversity Index that will enable governments, private sector and other decision-makers to assess and track agrobiodiversity in food systems. Currently there is no consistent way to do this.
Find out more about the India Agrobiodiversity Congress:
http://www.bioversityinternational.org/iac2016/
IAC 2016 gathered 850 delegates from over 40 countries across the world who presented the results and stories of progress of agrobiodiversity research they are involved in.
Re-collection to assess temporal variation in wild barley diversity in JordanBioversity International
Presentation delivered by Dr Imke Thormann at the International Agrobiodiversity Congress 2016, held in Delhi, India, 6-9 November.
Imke Thormann's presentation focused on crop wild relative genetic erosion and how it can be studied.
Find out more about the India Agrobiodiversity Congress:
http://www.bioversityinternational.org/iac2016/
A recent project in Central Asia focused on conservation of the unique high diversity of wild and cultivated fruit species in Central Asia and enhancing farmers’ production and livelihood strategies. Read more about Bioversity International’s work in Asia Pacific Oceania
http://www.bioversityinternational.org/about-us/where-we-carry-out-research/asia-pacific-oceania/
Thanks to all the partners and funders who supported the project.
Enhancing Societal Acceptance of GM Crops in IndiaSenthil Natesan
Fate of agricultural biotechnology hinges on how it is perceived by the policy makers and the public
We can help provide information so the stakeholders can make informed choices and pave way for enabling policies
Presentation hold by Sir Gordon Conway, Professor of International Development, Imperial College London, as part of the first panel of the 30th edition of the Brussels Briefing on “Agricultural resilience in the face of crisis and shocks", organized by CTA in collaboration with the ACP Secretariat, the EC/DEVCO, Concord, and IFPRI on 4th March 2013.
More on: http://brusselsbriefings.net/
Agricultural biotechnology and the economics of food security and climate cha...ExternalEvents
Agricultural biotechnology and the economics of food security and climate change mitigation presentation by "Daniel Sumner, University of California Davis, Davis, United States of America
"
Agricultural biodiversity in climate change adaptation planning: An analysis of the National Adaptation Programmes of Action - a presentation given at the 15th meeting of the Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, FAO, Rome, January 2015. Presentation given by Ana Bedmar Villanueva, Michael Halewood and Isabel López from Bioversity International.
Read a news announcement about the new guidelines for use of agrobiodiversity in climate change adaptation planning
http://www.bioversityinternational.org/news/detail/new-guidelines-for-use-of-agricultural-biodiversity-in-climate-change-adaptation-planning/
This work is carried out in collaboration with the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS).
In light of the 'Soils and pulses: symbiosis for life – A contribution to the Agenda 2030' event that took place at the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO), Bioversity International's researcher Paola De Santis highlighted the importance of pulse diversity in managing pests and diseases in farmers' fields. Planting diverse pulse varieties can reduce the farm’s vulnerability to pests and diseases, and is a risk management strategy for unpredictability in rainfall and temperatures.
Learn more about Bioversity International's research on managing pests and diseases: http://bit.ly/23ZWtBW
Sustainable Management of Biodiversity for Food Security and Nutrition, Jessi...Bioversity International
Jessica Fanzo speaks at the Gorta side event - improving nutrition security through agriculture: ensuring access, quality and resilience. October 21 2011 FAO, Rome as part of celebrations for World Food Day. Read more about Bioversity International’s work on diet diversity for nutrition and health
http://www.bioversityinternational.org/research-portfolio/diet-diversity/
We Manage What We Measure: An Agrobiodiversity Index to Help Deliver SDGsBioversity International
Presentation delivered by M. Ann Tutwiler at the International Agrobiodiversity Congress 2016, held in Delhi, India, 6-9 November.
The presentation outlined a new Agrobiodiversity Index that will enable governments, private sector and other decision-makers to assess and track agrobiodiversity in food systems. Currently there is no consistent way to do this.
Find out more about the India Agrobiodiversity Congress:
http://www.bioversityinternational.org/iac2016/
IAC 2016 gathered 850 delegates from over 40 countries across the world who presented the results and stories of progress of agrobiodiversity research they are involved in.
Re-collection to assess temporal variation in wild barley diversity in JordanBioversity International
Presentation delivered by Dr Imke Thormann at the International Agrobiodiversity Congress 2016, held in Delhi, India, 6-9 November.
Imke Thormann's presentation focused on crop wild relative genetic erosion and how it can be studied.
Find out more about the India Agrobiodiversity Congress:
http://www.bioversityinternational.org/iac2016/
A recent project in Central Asia focused on conservation of the unique high diversity of wild and cultivated fruit species in Central Asia and enhancing farmers’ production and livelihood strategies. Read more about Bioversity International’s work in Asia Pacific Oceania
http://www.bioversityinternational.org/about-us/where-we-carry-out-research/asia-pacific-oceania/
Thanks to all the partners and funders who supported the project.
Enhancing Societal Acceptance of GM Crops in IndiaSenthil Natesan
Fate of agricultural biotechnology hinges on how it is perceived by the policy makers and the public
We can help provide information so the stakeholders can make informed choices and pave way for enabling policies
Rajul Pandya-Lorch (IFPRI); David J. Spielman, IFPRI; Prabhu Pingali, The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; Raul Montemayor, Federation of Free Farmers Cooperatives Inc.; Chair: Joachim von Braun, (IFPRI)
12th November 2009, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington D.C.
The Green Revolution: Lessons for the FutureCIMMYT
Presentation delivered by Sir Gordon Conway (Imperial College London, UK) at Borlaug Summit on Wheat for Food Security. March 25 - 28, 2014, Ciudad Obregon, Mexico.
http://www.borlaug100.org
2. Agricultural Problems
• Production to Population Ratio
• Trade: Feast vs. Famine
• Water Contamination
• Soil Degradation
• Plant & Animal Disease
• Native Biomass
Destruction
3. Current Problematic Practices
• Mono-cropping
• Chemical Farming
• Poor Trade Regulations
• Poor Land Management
• Use of Non-Native
Species
4. Mono-Cropping
Def: Use of a single species over a large
land area without rotation
BENEFITS COSTS
1. Increased Yield 1. Decreased Biodiversity (Within
2. Specialization of Labor & crop DNA and Outside of Crop
Industrial Technology population)
3. Surplus for Trade 2. Increased Susceptibility to Pests
& Pathogens
3. Soil Nutrient Depletion
4. Chemical Dependence
Increased Chemical Use
Increased Water Contamination
5. Inorganic Chemical Farming
• Def: Use of synthetic fertilizers, pesticides,
plant-growth regulators, antibiotics, additives
or GMOs (Genetically Modified Organisms)
BENEFITS COSTS
1. Ability to Monocrop 1. Water/Soil Contamination
2. Use of Non-Native Species 2. Harm to Local Wildlife
3. Predictable Outcome 3. Increased Resistance of
Pests/Pathogens
4. Allergic Reaction in Humans
6. Poor Trade Regulations
• WTO (World Trade Org.) & GATT (General
Agreement on Tariffs & Trade)
– Promote Trade Liberalization
• Theoretically: cheap & efficient production b/c everyone does
what they ‘do best’
• Realistically: lower worker wages & disregard of environ.
impact
– “THE RACE TO THE BOTTOM”
• WTO bars countries from using trade
policy to discriminate on the basis of
production methods
FAOSTAT: resource for world agro-trade info.
7. Poor Land Management
Def: Allocation of land without regard for
current or future environmental impact
Examples:
1. Extensive Deforestation
2. Abandonment of Farmland
Desertification & Increase in
Invasive Species
Sediment Pollution of
Water
8. Non-Native Species
Why use non-native
species?
• Market DEMAND
• Open Land
• Looser Regulations
• Established Production
Method
Problems:
• Evolution into Invasive Species
•Def: Introduced Species without
Predetorial or Environmental Control
• Decreased Yield
9. Tropical Case Study: Bananas
• Biggest Exporters: Ecuador, Costa Rica,
Phillipines, Columbia
– None are Native Banana Environments!!!!
• Biggest Importers: USA, Euro., Japan, Russia
• Transnational Co.s produce 40%Harvest & 58%
Exports (May 1996)
• Costa Rica: Bananas account for 21.7% Foreign
Currency Income (May 1996)
10. Agricultural Problems
• Production to Population Ratio
• Trade: Feast vs. Famine
• Water Contamination
• Soil Degradation
• Plant & Animal Disease
• Native Biomass
Destruction
11. Current Problematic Practices
• Mono-cropping
• Chemical Farming
• Poor Trade Regulations
• Poor Land Management
• Use of Non-Native Species
12. Tropical Case Study: Bananas
Massive Monoculture Plantations
• Deforestation of Tropical Forests
– Decreased biodiversity
– Loss of Habitats
sediment in oceans destruction of ~90% of coral reefs on
Costa Rica’s Caribbean Cost
• Increased Suseptibility to Pathogens Panama Disease
Valerie Clone which requires higher chemical use
• Soil Depletion Decreased Future Yields & Increased Fertilizer
Use
13. Tropical Case Study: Bananas
Extensive Chemical Use
• Banana Plantations account for the highest use
of chemicals
• Water/Soil Contamination
– 90% of Pesticides sprayed by plane lost to wind-drift,
soil, and rain
• DBCP Cancer, Birth Defects,
Sterility etc. (not just humans!)
• >10% higher instances of fertility
and organ damage in persons
associated w/ plantations
www.bananasthemovie.com/.../documents.jpg
14.
15. Tropical Case Study: Bananas
Poor Trade Regulation
• Nearly Monopolized Trade System
– 5 companies control more than 90% of the banana
trade
• Problems With EU
– Misrepresentation of Smaller/Poorer Countries
– Control Markets for Benefit of Importer
• Example of the Effect of Politics on Environment:
1960’s Ecuador Nationalized Market
Co’s moved to Costa Rica
Increased Competition in C.R.
Increased Production Intensity
Land Destruction
16. Tropical Case Study:
Bananas
• Poor Land Management
– 1872: Land to Minor Keith In Exchange for
Railroad Money
Non-Native Species
• Do bananas grow better in
Asia?
•Higher Yields
•Could C.R. grow a native
crop, such as pejibaye,
more efficiently?
http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/peji5b.jpg
17. Possible Alternatives
• Niche Markets:
– G Word- Costa Rica Banana Growers
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EjVc66Fn_Uc
• Changing Production Methods
– Ex: Do not spray pesticides from planes. Use
a more direct form of application
18. Sustainable Organic Agriculture
• International Federation of Organic
Agriculture Movements
DEFINITION-Organic agriculture is a
production system that sustains the
health of soils, ecosystems and
people. It relies on ecological
processes, biodiversity and cycles
adapted to local conditions, rather
than the use of inputs with adverse
effects. Organic agriculture
combines tradition, innovation and
science to benefit the shared
environment and promote fair
relationships and a good quality of
life for all involved.
19. Sustainable Organic Agriculture
• Principles of organic
agriculture address all major
Agricultural issues
• Sales of Certified Organic
products grow 20-25% yearly
• Supply/Demand!
• Big Picture-Increasing
Population will always
pressure sustainable
ecosystem functions
20. References
• IFOAM: http://www.ifoam.org/about_ifoam/principles/index.html
• Lotter. ,D.W. 2003. Organic Agriculture Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 21. (4)
• Nelson PhD, Scot. 2006. Poly and Monocultures: The Good, the Bad, and the
Ugly.Univ. of Hawai’i at Manoa. (4-6)
• Human Land Use, Agriculture, Pesticides and Losses of Imperiled Species
– Katherine E. Gibbs, Robin L. Mackey and David J. Currie
– Diversity and Distributions, Vol. 15, No. 2 (Mar., 2009), pp. 242-253
– Published by: Blackwell Publishing
• Evaluating and Managing the Environmental Impact of Banana Production in
Costa Rica: A Systems Appro... more
– Carlos E. Hernandez and Scott G. Witter
– Ambio, Vol. 25, No. 3 (May, 1996), pp. 171-178
– Published by: Allen Press on behalf of Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
• Banana Link
– http://www.bananalink.org/uk
– Built by www.nfn.org.uk
– Hosted on a memset dedicated server