- Agricultural income earned from agricultural operations or rent from agricultural land is exempt from income tax under the Indian Income Tax Act. This is because the constitution gives power to tax agricultural income to state legislatures, not central government. - Agricultural income includes income from agricultural produce, rent from agricultural land, and income from a farmhouse situated on or near the agricultural land. Income from nursery operations is also considered agricultural income. - The assessment year is the year following the financial year and is used for filing tax returns for income earned in the previous financial year. For example, income earned between April 1, 2013 to March 31, 2014 is filed under assessment year 2014-15.

1. Agricultural Income
Agriculture income is exempt under the Indian Income Tax Act. This means that income earned
from agricultural operations is not taxed. The reason for exemption of agriculture income from
Central Taxation is that the Constitution gives exclusive power to make laws with respect to
taxes on agricultural income to the State Legislature. However while computing tax on non-
agricultural income agricultural income is also taken into consideration.
What does the term Agricultural Income mean?
As per Income Tax Act income earned from any of the under given three sources meant
Agricultural Income;
(i) Any rent received from land which is used for agricultural purpose.
(ii) Any income derived from such land by agricultural operations including processing of
agricultural produce, raised or received as rent in kind so as to render it fit for the market, or sale
of such produce.
(iii) Income attributable to a farm house subject to the condition that building is situated on or
in the immediate vicinity of the land and is used as a dwelling house, store house etc.
Now income earned from carrying nursery operations is also considered as agricultural income
and hence exempt from income tax.
In order to consider an income as agricultural income certain points have to be kept in mind:
(i) There must me a land.
(ii) The land is being used for agricultural operations.
(iii) Agricultural operation means that efforts have been induced for the crop to sprout out of
the land .
(iv) If any rent is being received from the land then in order to assess that rental income as
agricultural income there must be agricultural activities on the land.
(v) In order to assess income of farm house as agricultural income the farm house building must
be situated on the land itself only and is used as a store house/dwelling house.
Certain income which is treated as Agriculture Income;

2. (a) Income from sale of replanted trees.
(b) Rent received for agricultural land.
(c) Income from growing flowers and creepers.
(d) Share of profit of a partner from a firm engaged in agricultural operations.
(e) Interest on capital received by a partner from a firm engaged in agricultural operations.
(f) Income derived from sale of seeds.
Certain income which is not treated as Agricultural Income;
(a) Income from poultery farming.
(b) Income from bee hiving.
(c) Income from sale of spontaneously grown trees.
(d) Income from dairy farming.
(e) Purchase of standing crop.
(f) Dividend paid by a company out of its agriculture income.
(g) Income of salt produced by flooding the land with sea water.
(h) Royalty income from mines.
(i) Income from butter and cheese making.
(j) Receipts from TV serial shooting in farm house is not agriculture income.
Certain points to be remembered;
(a) Agricultural income is considered for rate purpose while computing tax of
Individual/HUF/AOP/BOI/Artificial Judicial Person.
(b) Losses from agricultural operations could be carried forward and set off with agricultural
income of next eight assessment years.

3. (c) Agriculture income is computed same as business income.
2. What is an Assessment Year?
Assessment year is a commonly used term by the Indian income tax department. If you have to
file your income tax returns, either online or offline, or fill up any income tax form, you need to
know the assessment year. In some countries, assessment year is also known as the tax year.
Assessment year is different from a financial year. Assessment year is the year following the
financial year, and it is used for filing tax returns of a particular financial year.
Example 1: Financial year 2013-2014 starts from April 1st 2013 and ends on March 31st 2014.
If you have to file your income tax return for FY 2013-14, you will be writing your assessment
year as 2014-15.
Assessment year also begins on April 1st and March 31st, so assessment year 2014-15 begins
from April 1st 2014 and ends on March 31st 2015.
Why is the assessment year confusing?
Assessment year can be confusing at times because you won't see it on any of your financial
documents. Whether it's your bank statements or salary slip or any other documents, they will all
show the financial year.
Example 2: Suppose you want to file your returns for the financial year ending 31st March
2014. If any of your financial documents have year information, it will be financial year 2013-
14. But, when you go to the income tax website you will be asked for an assessment year. A
common mistake will be to assume the assessment year same as the financial year, but it is the
year after the financial year.
Some more examples:
Assessment Year 2015-16 will be used for filing returns of all income received between 1st
April, 2014 and 31st March, 2015.
When filing taxes for any income earned between 1st April, 2012 and 31st March, 2013, you will
have to use assessment year 2013-14 in your income tax forms.