This document discusses different theories of aggression. It summarizes instinct theories which view aggression as an innate urge released through catharsis. Frustration-aggression theory sees aggression as a reaction to frustration when goals are blocked. Observational learning theory emphasizes that aggression can be learned through observing and imitating models who are rewarded for aggressive behavior. The document also provides strategies for dealing with anger effectively such as calming down, reinterpreting situations, and using relaxation techniques.
Denial is probably the most basic of ego defences
Definition- It is the simple refusal to admit to certain unacceptable or unmanageable aspects of reality, even in the face of overwhelming evidence to the contrary.
Denial is probably the most basic of ego defences
Definition- It is the simple refusal to admit to certain unacceptable or unmanageable aspects of reality, even in the face of overwhelming evidence to the contrary.
This videos describes the key points of psychoanalytical theory. for understanding psychoanalysis it is necessary to understand two theories of Freud. The key pints of psychoanalytic theory are mentioned.
Video link
https://youtu.be/WM-uEgIef0I
Anger is one of five Emotions mentioned Emotional Atlas which contains a number of related states, which differ in intensity. The states shown here are representative, not exhaustive. Further action .mood associated has also been discussed.
Most INTENSE to Least INTENSE
1.FURY-Intense Anger
2.VENGEFULNESS-Desire for retaliation
3.BITTERNESS-Disappointment that no one wanted to settle a problem
4.ARGUMENTATIVENESS- inclination to prolong disagreements
5.EXASPERATION- Loss of patience at repeated failure to settle a problem disagreements
6.FRUSTRATION-A response to failure to overcome an obstacle despite repeated attempts
7. ANNOYANCE – Very Mild anger
Psychological Defense Mechanisms Slides Presentation
What Are defense Mechanisms
+Defense mechanisms are unconscious psychological responses
that protect people from feelings of anxiety, threats to selfesteem, and things that they don't want to think about or deal
with.1 First described by Sigmund Freud in his psychoanalytic
theory, defense mechanisms function to protect against anxiety
Credit: <a href=”https://apkbullet.com/”>ApkBullet</a>
Chapter 10
Aggression & Antisocial Behavior
1
Today’s outline
Why are people aggressive?
Instinct/Biology
Narcissists
Social learning
Media & violence
Aggression under orders
Milgram’s study
Assertiveness instead of aggression
Antisocial Behavior
Antisocial behavior: any behavior that has a negative impact on other people
Aggression: hurting another person or achieving one’s goals at the expense of another person
E.g. war, homicide, riots, rape, assault, forcible robbery, family violence, bullying, etc.
Why are we aggressive?
Why are we aggressive?
First, as a quick note, with each passing year the world has grown more peaceful
Despite what it may seem like from the media
The world is many times more peaceful than in ancient times, where proportionally more people would died in wars
In the 2000’s there were only 2k deaths per year from warring countries whereas in the 1950’s there were 65k per year.
Instincts
Ethologists: people who study natural behavior patterns of animals
Believe that aggression is innate in all animals, including humans, e.g. killer instinct
Freud would have agreed
The fact that we are biologically capable of aggression does not mean that aggression is inevitable or “part of human nature”
The vast majority of people are NOT aggressive
Some cultures show very little: Eskimos, Navajo
Biology
Testosterone correlated with aggression
May partially explain why we see more physical violence from men than woman
Alcohol & other drugs lower inhibitions
The majority of murders and violent crimes involve alcohol
Body temperature is also linked to aggression
For this reason prisons usually keep a cool temperature
Other innate causes of aggression
Well, this theme has come up many times so far in this course, but once again:
Narcissists
Violent individuals often have high self-esteem and grandiose self beliefs
Bushman & Baumeister (2002), the authors of your textbook, also found that violent prisoners have higher narcissism scores than nonviolent people
Narcissism continued
Narcissistic personality inventory:
‘I insist on getting the respect I deserve’
Then participants mark the extent to which they agree
Direct quote from the Columbine killer:
“Isn’t it fun to get the respect that we’re going to deserve?”
Narcissistic rage, yikes!!!
Aggression as a response to Frustration
Frustration-aggression hypothesis: frustration tends to lead to aggression
road rage
watch for verbal aggression when people are frustrated
Why though?
Perhaps because frustration is an aversive state
Aggression as a response to aversive stimuli
Aversive stimuli make us more sensitive to aggressive cues
Aversive stimuli: pain, temperature, odors, etc.
Aggression cues: signals that are associated with aggression
Rude gestures, middle finger, body language
Weapons effect: observation that weapons serve as strong cues for aggressive behavior
Murders are much more likely in homes with guns
Hostile worl ...
This videos describes the key points of psychoanalytical theory. for understanding psychoanalysis it is necessary to understand two theories of Freud. The key pints of psychoanalytic theory are mentioned.
Video link
https://youtu.be/WM-uEgIef0I
Anger is one of five Emotions mentioned Emotional Atlas which contains a number of related states, which differ in intensity. The states shown here are representative, not exhaustive. Further action .mood associated has also been discussed.
Most INTENSE to Least INTENSE
1.FURY-Intense Anger
2.VENGEFULNESS-Desire for retaliation
3.BITTERNESS-Disappointment that no one wanted to settle a problem
4.ARGUMENTATIVENESS- inclination to prolong disagreements
5.EXASPERATION- Loss of patience at repeated failure to settle a problem disagreements
6.FRUSTRATION-A response to failure to overcome an obstacle despite repeated attempts
7. ANNOYANCE – Very Mild anger
Psychological Defense Mechanisms Slides Presentation
What Are defense Mechanisms
+Defense mechanisms are unconscious psychological responses
that protect people from feelings of anxiety, threats to selfesteem, and things that they don't want to think about or deal
with.1 First described by Sigmund Freud in his psychoanalytic
theory, defense mechanisms function to protect against anxiety
Credit: <a href=”https://apkbullet.com/”>ApkBullet</a>
Chapter 10
Aggression & Antisocial Behavior
1
Today’s outline
Why are people aggressive?
Instinct/Biology
Narcissists
Social learning
Media & violence
Aggression under orders
Milgram’s study
Assertiveness instead of aggression
Antisocial Behavior
Antisocial behavior: any behavior that has a negative impact on other people
Aggression: hurting another person or achieving one’s goals at the expense of another person
E.g. war, homicide, riots, rape, assault, forcible robbery, family violence, bullying, etc.
Why are we aggressive?
Why are we aggressive?
First, as a quick note, with each passing year the world has grown more peaceful
Despite what it may seem like from the media
The world is many times more peaceful than in ancient times, where proportionally more people would died in wars
In the 2000’s there were only 2k deaths per year from warring countries whereas in the 1950’s there were 65k per year.
Instincts
Ethologists: people who study natural behavior patterns of animals
Believe that aggression is innate in all animals, including humans, e.g. killer instinct
Freud would have agreed
The fact that we are biologically capable of aggression does not mean that aggression is inevitable or “part of human nature”
The vast majority of people are NOT aggressive
Some cultures show very little: Eskimos, Navajo
Biology
Testosterone correlated with aggression
May partially explain why we see more physical violence from men than woman
Alcohol & other drugs lower inhibitions
The majority of murders and violent crimes involve alcohol
Body temperature is also linked to aggression
For this reason prisons usually keep a cool temperature
Other innate causes of aggression
Well, this theme has come up many times so far in this course, but once again:
Narcissists
Violent individuals often have high self-esteem and grandiose self beliefs
Bushman & Baumeister (2002), the authors of your textbook, also found that violent prisoners have higher narcissism scores than nonviolent people
Narcissism continued
Narcissistic personality inventory:
‘I insist on getting the respect I deserve’
Then participants mark the extent to which they agree
Direct quote from the Columbine killer:
“Isn’t it fun to get the respect that we’re going to deserve?”
Narcissistic rage, yikes!!!
Aggression as a response to Frustration
Frustration-aggression hypothesis: frustration tends to lead to aggression
road rage
watch for verbal aggression when people are frustrated
Why though?
Perhaps because frustration is an aversive state
Aggression as a response to aversive stimuli
Aversive stimuli make us more sensitive to aggressive cues
Aversive stimuli: pain, temperature, odors, etc.
Aggression cues: signals that are associated with aggression
Rude gestures, middle finger, body language
Weapons effect: observation that weapons serve as strong cues for aggressive behavior
Murders are much more likely in homes with guns
Hostile worl ...
1. All of the following are common changes that occur in a.docxcorbing9ttj
1.
All of the following are common changes that occur in adulthood
except
midlife transitions.
divorce.
menopause.
D.
life reviews.
2.
Sabrina, Ali, and Jasmine are discussing the differences between central route processing and peripheral route processing. Jasmine believes that peripheral route processing is what results when a person thoughtfully considers the issues and arguments involved in a persuasive argument. Ali says central route processing is when a person is persuaded by factors irrelevant or extraneous to the issue. Sabrina insists they've both got the definitions mixed up. Who is correct?
Sabrina
Jasmine
Ali and Jasmine
Sabrina and Ali
3.
Prozac, Celexa, Zoloft, Paxil, and Lexapro are common drugs used to treat
depression.
psychosis.
obsessive compulsive disorder.
anxiety.
4.
Behavioral therapy would employ all of the following treatment techniques
except
aversive conditioning.
exposure treatment.
meditation.
systematic desensitization.
5.
What would be the best type of schedule to enforce a slow, steady response?
Fixed-ratio
Variable-ratio
Fixed-interval
Variable-interval
6.
The startle reflex occurs when
a baby's cheek is rubbed and he/she seeks to nurse.
a baby's toes fan out when his/her foot is stroked.
a baby flings out his/her arms and legs at a sudden noise.
a baby cries when he/she hears a stranger's voice.
7.
Bandura's Bobo Doll experiment demonstrated
obedience.
social identity.
ethnocentricity.
observational learning.
8.
According to Maslow, we pass through a hierarchy, and the _______ stage is where people meet their highest potential.
safety
esteem
love and belonging
self-actualization
9.
All of the following are valid methods of coping with stress
except
for
changing your goals.
learned helplessness.
eustress.
blue lining.
10.
According to the textbook, the worst parents are those who are
authoritarian.
authoritative.
permissive.
uninvolved.
11.
How often is the following statement
true?
To successfully conduct experimental research, it's important to have signed informed consents from participants.
The statement is always true.
The statement is true occasionally.
The statement is true most of the time.
The statement is false.
12.
Insomnia affects approximately _______ percent of people and nearly _______ million people suffer from sleep apnea.
20; 30
30; 10
10; 20
30; 20
13.
What are the purposes of dreams, according to Freud?
Neither
Both
Dreams for survival
Unconscious wish fulfillment
14.
According to the
DSM-IV-TR
and your text, several different mental disorders are currently recognized. Which symptoms and subcategories are correctly aligned?
Dissociative disorders: multiple personality disorder, dissociative amnesia, and dissociative fugue
Mood disorders: disorganized, paranoid, catatonic, and undifferentiated
Somatoform disorders: generalized anxiety, panic, obsessive compulsive disorder, and PTSD
Schizophrenia: hypochondriasis and conversion disorder
15.
.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
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The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
3. Hurting others: Aggression
We need to look no further than the daily
newspaper or the nightly news to be
bombarded with examples of aggression
both on the societal level ( war , invasion ,
assassination) and on the individual level (
crime ,child abuse ).
Aggression is intentional injury or harm to
another person .
By this definition , the rapist is clearly
acting aggressively , whereas the physician
causing pain during a medical procedure is
not
4.
5. Instinct approaches : aggression as
a release
If u have ever punished on an adversary in
the nose, you have experienced a certain
satisfaction despite your better judgment .
Instinct theories which note the prevalence
of aggression not only in humans but in
animals too , propose that aggression is
primarily the outcome of innate –or inborn
urges
Sigmund freud was one of the first to
suggest , as a part of his theory of
personality that aggression is a primary
instinctual drive .
6. Konrad loranz an ethologist ,expanded
freud notions by arguing that humans
along with the member of other species
have a fighting instinct which in earlier
times ensured protection of food supplies .
Lorenz instinct approach lead to the
controversial notion that aggressive
energy constantly builds up in an individual
until a person finally discharges it is in a
process called catharsis
7. The longer the energy builds up , says lorenz
, the greater the amount of aggression
displayed when it is discharged
Lorenz believed that society should offer
people acceptable ways of permitting
catharsis . For example he suggested that
participation in aggressive sports and games
would prevent the discharge of aggression in
less socially desirable ways
In fact, some studies flatly contradict the
notion of catharsis which leads psychologist
to look for other explanations of aggression
8. Frustration aggression approaches :
aggression as a reaction to frustration
Suppose you have been working on a paper that
is due for a class early the next morning , and your
computer printer runs out of ink just before you
can print out the paper . You rush to the store to
buy more ink only to find sales clerk locking the
door for the day . Even though the clerk can see
you gesturing and begging him to open the door ,
he refuses , shrugs his shoulders , and points to a
sign that indicates when the store will open the
next day. At that moment , the feelings you
experience towards the sales clerk probably place
you on the verge of real aggression and you are
undoubtedly seething inside
9.
10. Frustration aggression theory tries to
explain aggression in terms of events
like this one . It suggests that frustration
( blocking of goal directed behaviour)
produces anger , which leads to
readiness to act aggressively
11. Observational learning approaches :
learning to hurt others
Do we learn to be aggressive ?the
observational learning ( social learning )
approach to aggression says that we do .
Taking an almost opposite view from instinct
theory , which focus on innate explanation of
aggression , observational learning theory
emphasizes that social and environmental
conditions can teach individuals to be
aggressive . The theory sees aggression not
as an inevitable , but rather than a learned
response that can be understood in term of
rewards and punishments
12. Observational learning theory particularly
pays attention not only to direct rewards
and punishments that individuals
themselves receive , but also to rewards
and punishments that models-individuals
who provide guide top appropriate
behaviour – receive for their aggressive
behaviour . According to observational
learning theory , people observe the
behaviour of models as the sub sequent
consequences of that behaviour . If the
consequences are positive ,the behavior is
likely to be imitated when observer find
themselves in a similar situation
13. Suppose , for instance , a girl hits her
younger brother when he damages one of
her new toys . Whereas instinct theory
would suggest that the aggression had
been pent up and was now being
discharged , and frustration aggression
theory would examine girl frustration at no
longer being able to use her new toy ,
observational learning theory would look to
previous situations in which the girl had
viewed others being rewarded for their
aggression
14. For example, perhaps she had watched a
friend get to p-lay with a toy after he painfully
twisted it out of the hand of another child
Observational learning theory had received
wide research support . For example ,
children of nursery school age who have
watched an adult model behave aggressively
and then receive reinforcement for it later
displays similar behaviour themselves if they
have been angered , insulted , or frustrated
after exposure . Further more a significant
amount of research links watching t.v shows
containing voilence with subsequent viewer
aggression
15. Dealing effectively with anger
At one time or another , almost
everyone feels angry .the anger may
result from frustrating situation or it may
be due to another individuals behaviour .
The way we deal with anger may
determine the difference between a
promotion and a lost job or a broken
relationship
16. Social psychologists who have studied the
topic suggests several good strategies
to deal with anger that maximize the
potential for positive consequences
Calm down: take a walk or engage in
some physical activity in order to cool
down your emotional arousal
17. Look again at the anger –provoking
situation from the perspective of others .
By taking others point of view , you may
be able to understand the situation
better , and with increased
understanding you may become more
tolerant of the apparent short comings of
others
18. Minimize the importance of the situation .
Does it really matters that someone is
driving too slowly and that you will be able
to late to an appointment as a result ?
Reinterpret the situation in a way that is
less bothersome
Use language effectively by saying “I” not
“you” . “you did___ wrong “, instead say “I
felt hurt when you did ______”. When you
accuse people for being wrong ,they are
likely to feel the need to fight back
19. Fantasizing about getting even-but don’t
act on it . Fantasy provides a safety value .
In your fantasies , you can yell at their
unfair professor all you want and suffer no
consequences at all, however, don’t spend
too much time brooding: fantasize , but
then move on .
Relax . By teaching yourself the relaxation
techniques used in systematic
desensitization ,you can help reduce your
reactions to anger . In turn, your anger may
dissipate
20. Conclusion
No matter which of these strategies you try
, above all, don’t ignore your anger .
People who always try to suppress their
anger may experience a variety of
consequences such as frustration and
even physical illness