The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
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0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
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Embryology of Maxilla, Palate, Maxillary sinus & Lips and their DefectsDr. Vanshree Sorathia
Description about basics of head & neck embryology, maxilla, palate, detailed content for maxillary sinus, and lips. Defects of all structures including etiology, clinical manifestation, associated conditions or syndromes, and prosthetic consideration. Summary at the end of topics and references for further reading.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
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0091-9248678078
Embryology of Maxilla, Palate, Maxillary sinus & Lips and their DefectsDr. Vanshree Sorathia
Description about basics of head & neck embryology, maxilla, palate, detailed content for maxillary sinus, and lips. Defects of all structures including etiology, clinical manifestation, associated conditions or syndromes, and prosthetic consideration. Summary at the end of topics and references for further reading.
Surgical orthodontics. /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian denta...Indian dental academy
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Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
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practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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Surgical orthodontics. /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian denta...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
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management of vertical maxillary excess /certified fixed orthodontic courses ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
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Management of cleft lip and palate 2. /certified fixed orthodontic courses ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Prosthetic management of glossectomy/cosmetic dentistry coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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Prosthetic management of glossectomy/ orthodontic continuing educationIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Concept of facial balance /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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Extra oral examination /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Dynamic evaluation of soft tissues smile /certified fixed orthodontic course...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Extra oral examination /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Extra oral examination /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
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Introduction.
Definitions.
Winkler’s concepts of esthetics.
Application of esthetic principles in CD construction.
Diagnosis and treatment planning.
Impressions.
Occlusion contour rims & occlusal plane.
Jaw relations.
Selection of artificial teeth.
Arrangement of teeth.
Denture characterization.
Classification of esthetic errors.
Conclusion.
Similar to Age related soft tissue changes /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy (20)
Opportunity for Dentists (BDS/MDS )to relocate to United kingdom -Register as a DENTAL HYGIENIST/ DENTAL THERAPIST without Board exams and after approval you can register in GDC as a DH/DT and start working as a DH/DT Immediately and get paid.
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1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals
who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry,
Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
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--
Indian Dental Academy
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
skype:indiandentalacademy
+919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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Diagnosis and treatment planning in completely endntulous arches/dental coursesIndian dental academy
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Properties of Denture base materials /rotary endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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Use of modified tooth forms in complete denture occlusion / dental implant...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
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Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
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Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
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"Protectable subject matters, Protection in biotechnology, Protection of othe...
Age related soft tissue changes /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
1. INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing dental education
AGE RELATED SOFT
www.indiandentalacademy.com
TISSUE
CHANGES
www.indiandentalacademy.com
2. ESTHETICS
THE WORD ESTHETICS COMES
FROM THE GREEK WORD
“AISTHETIKOS” MEANING ‘OF
SENSE OF PERCEPTION’
WORD MEANING- a branch of
philosophy dealing with beauty,
especially with judgments of taste
concerning them- Webster's dictionary
www.indiandentalacademy.com
3. THE ESTHETIC HERITAGE
Man, perhaps subconsciously, has
been aware of facial esthetics for a long
time.
35,000 years ago the early man
discovered the mental agility for
survival & made life easier.
It was probably during this period that
men found the time to develop his
esthetic awareness & sensitivity.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
5. THE EGYPTIANS
THE EGYPTIAN CULTURE
DEVELOPED IN THE NILE VALLEY
AROUND 5000 YEARS AGO &
DURING THIS ERA A GREAT DEAL
OF ESTHETIC ATTITUDES WERE
RECORDED IN ART
www.indiandentalacademy.com
8. THE GREEKS
The Greeks were the 1st to express sensitivity
to qualities of facial beauty through
philosophy & sculpture.
While the philosophers formalized the study
of beauty, the sculptors implemented the
expression of beauty in their art.
Greek sculptures blossomed in 4th & 5th
century B.C. often called as the “GOLDEN
AGE OF GREECE”
www.indiandentalacademy.com
10. THE ROMANS
The Romans profusely documented beauty by coping
or reworking Greek sculptures & by carving original
subjects.
Unfortunately, Roman sculptures was never
formalized or idealized, no new concepts of facial
esthetics are related in these works.
Faces of men were represented life so these works
showed a range of facial features, harmony &
proportions.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
11. RENAISSANCE
In his time
MICHELANGELO
strongly influenced the
direction & spirit of Italian
Renaissance
movement.
His sculptures identified
with the classical
traditions of Greece &
Rome.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
12.
IN 1865 AN OBJECTIVE STUDY OF
HUMAN ESTHETICS WAS
INTRODUCED BY A BRTISHER,
WOOLNOTH. ACCORDING TO HIM
PROFILES ARE SEEN IN 3 ORDERS –
THE STRAIGHT, THE CONVEX & THE
CONCAVE.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
13. PROFILE CHANGES IN GROWING
FACE
1.
2.
3.
The face of a child is vertically short
because
Nasal part of the face is still small
The primary & secondary dentition has not
fully established
The jaw bones have not grown to the
vertical extent that would support the full
dentition & the enlarging masticatory
muscles & airway
www.indiandentalacademy.com
14. THE BABY FACE
LARGE APPEARING EYES
DAINTY JAWS
SMALL PUG NOSE
PUFFY CHEEKS
HIGH INTELECTUAL- LIKE
FOREHEAD
NO COURSE EYE BROW
RIDGES
LOW NASAL BRIDGE
SMALL MOUTH &
OVERALL WIDE & SHORT
PROPORTIONS
www.indiandentalacademy.com
15.
The baby’s face appears relatively
smaller than the cranium. This is
because the growth of the brain slows
down considerably after about the 3 rd or
4th year of child hood, but the facial
bones continue to enlarge for many
more years.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
17. MALE V/S FEMALE
The overall body size of the male tends
to be larger than that of the female &
the male lungs correspondingly more
sizable to provide for the relatively more
massive muscles & body organs. This
calls for a large airway beginning with
the nose & the nasopharynx.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
20. FACIAL TYPES
MESOFACIAL
( IDEAL) TYPE
Most often associated with
C I occlusions since these
patients are characterised
by relatively normal max.
& mandi. relationship
resulting in good facial
balance.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
21. DOLICIFACIAL TYPE
These patients have long &
weak musculature
because of the tendency
for vertical growth. The
molar occlusion is often
C II div I variety
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22. BRACHYFACIAL
TYPE
They have short faces &
wide square mandibles of
these patients are most
often associated with C II
div II malocclusions.
These patients usually
they exhibit excessive
anterior overbites.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
23. THE ROLE OF TONGUE
The primary function of facial muscles is
expression
These muscles are also important in
maintenance of posture of facial structures.
According to proffit the lip & buccinator
muscles opposed by the tongue contribute to
the postural equilibrium of the teeth
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24.
The tongue posture
in the neonate is
more forward. Many
oral functions in the
neonate are guided
primarily by tactile
stimuli from lips &
tongue.
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26.
The angulations of
permanent incisors is less
than deciduous teeth ie. The
deciduous are more upright.
The reason for this
decreased angulations of the
permanent incisor is
because the dental lamina of
the permanent incisor is
located lingual to the primary
teeth
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27. GROWTH CHANGES IN SOFT TISSUE
PROFILE
ANGLE 1997 [ RAM .S. NANADA, SUNIL KAPILA &
JOLANDE]
The relationship b/w nose, lips & chin can be altered by
both growth & orthodontic treatment. It is imperative ,
therefore, that the orthodontist have an understanding not
only of the changes incident to orthodontic treatment but
also of the amount & direction of growth expected in facial
structures
SAMPLE SIZE 17 M & 23 F B/W AGE GROUP 7 -18
YEARS
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28. NOSE HEIGHT
Upper nose height ( n’ – prn’)
At 7 yrs same for both sexes.
^se in height b/w 7 -8 yrs.
^se slowed down b/w 8 -11 yrs.
Height again ^sed at 11yrs &
b/w 14 – 17 yrs.
Lower nose height (prn’ – ans”)
^sed more in males than
females
F adult size- 15 yrs, M- still
growing at 18 yrs
U/N : L/N = 3:1
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29.
INCLINATION OF THE
NOSE
THE ANGLE ( prn’ – n’ – prn) IS
SIMILAR IN BOTH SEXES
B/W 8 – 16 YRS OF AGE
AT 18 YRS OF AGE THE
MALE GROUP SHOWED
4.5 deg ^SE.
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30. UPPER LIP HEIGHT
Measured from subnasale – upper lip
stomion – at 7 -8 yrs ^sed from
19.1 mm – 20.2 mm in females.
In males ^sed from 19.8 mm–22.5mm
A major part of this ^se occurred b/w
9 – 13 yrs –females & 9 – 15 yrsmales
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31. LOWER LIP HEIGHT
Lower lip stomion to soft tissue
pt B.
^se of 4.2mm in males & 1.5
mm in females
Major ^se occurred b/w
10 – 11 yrs & 13 – 18 yrs.
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32. UPPER LIP THICKNESS
At ( Pt A – A’) ^se of 4.7mm in
males & 3.5mm in females
At ( LS – LS’) labrale superius
Males -- ^sed 13.9mm –
17.1mm
Females -- ^sed 11.8mm –
12.5mm.
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33. LOWER LIP THICKNESS
AT ( LI – LI’) ^SED 2.4mm IN
MALES. 1.4 mm IN
FEMALES.
AT ( Pt B) AN INCREASE OF
2.8mm IN MALES & 1.6mm
IN FEMALES
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35. NASOLABIAL ANGLE
B/w 7 – 18 yrs decreased in
both sexes
It was 107 sd 9.4 deg – males &
114.7 sd 9.5 deg – females
It reduced to 105.8 sd 9 degmales & 110.7 sd 9 deg in
females
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36. MENTOLABIAL SULCUS
MALES – AT 7 YRS 125.3 SD 8.4 deg.
AT 18 YRS 125.1 SD 12.9 deg
FEMALES – 7 YRS 136.1 SD 11.6 deg
. 18 YRS 127.1 SD 12.9 deg
The position of the lips is largely
dependent upon incisor inclination.
Uprighting the max. & mand. incisors
enlarges the nasolabial &
mentolabial angles.
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37. PROFILOMETRICS & FACIAL
ESTHETICS
A.J.O. 1978, PAUL LINES, RUSKIN LINES &
CHRISTOPHER LINES.
In the past sexual differences were largely ignored,
partly because no such differences had been
demonstrated by a scientific study or validated
statistical analysis.
Orthodontic treatment plans were based on primarily
on the practitioner’s ability to move teeth within the
alveolar bone.
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38.
1.
2.
3.
The diagnostic tools necessary for facial profile
management include
Knowledge of what constitutes esthetically pleasing
facial profile.
Knowledge of the effects of hard tissue changes on
the soft tissue profile.
Ability to accurately predict facial profile changes
resulting from treatment.
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39.
1.
2.
3.
4.
The treatment capabilities at the disposal of
the orthodontist include
Conventional orthodontic mechanotherapy
Orthopedic force therapy
Orthognathic surgery
Rhinoplasty
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46. ARTICLES
A.J.O. 1984, GROWTH OF LIPS IN 2-D: A SERIAL
CEPHALOMETRIC STUDY.
Growth of lips measured b/w 8-18 yrs .largest
increment b/w 12-14 yrs with no significant change
after16yrs.
Males had larger lips at 10,12, 14, 16 & 18 & larger
lower lip at 18 yrs
Females showed larger lower at 12.
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47. A.J.O. 1988, LINEAR CHANGES OF
MAXILLARY
AND MANDIBULAR LIPS
Sample size was 32 untreated male & female
subjects from age 8-18 yrs of age. It was
observed that the max. & mandi. lips, under
the influence of growth increased in length &
thickness.
The male lips exhibited greater increase than
the female lips.
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48. GROWTH CHANGES IN THE NASAL
PROFILE
FROM 7 – 18 YEARS , A.J.O. 1988
Increments in nose height, depth & inclination are
complete in girls by 16 years of age while
continuing to ^se in males even beyond 18 yrs of
age.
Ratio b/w upper & lower nose heights were 3:1
Ratio b/w nose depth & sagittal depth of the
underlying skeleton changed from 1:2 at 7yrs to
1:1.5 in M & 1:1.6 in F
Upper nose inclination same for both sexs. lower
nose inclination ^sed slightly in F after age 10.
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49. A.J.O. 1984, SOFT TISSUE
PREFERENCE
Study showed that C I normal
profiles were the favoured
ones the C I deep profiles
Open profile types were the
least appreciated.
This indicated that vertical
profile characteristics could be
more important than a/p
features & lengthening of soft
tissue profile were not desired
in most cases.
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50. A.J.O. 1992, FACIAL GROWTH IN FEMALES
BETWEEN 14 – 20 YEARS OF AGE
The objective of this study was to determine the magnitude
& the direction of post pubertal mandi. & max. facial
growth in females
The overall mandi. growth was approx. twice that of the
overall max. growth.
Mandi. growth rate was found to be between 14-16 yrs of
age.
Between 14-20 yrs the Mandibular Plane Angle decreased
1.1 deg showing a closing rotation of the mandible & the
mandi. Incisors tipped labially with advancing age.
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51. A.J.O. 1990, FACIAL GROWTH IN MALES
16-20 YRS OF AGE
MANDI. GROWTH WAS FOUND TO BE
STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT FOR THE AGE
PERIODS 16-18 YRS & 18-20 YRS
GROWTH FROM 16-18 YRS WAS GREATER
THAN THAT 18-20YRS
OVERALL MANDI. GROWTH WAS APPROX.
TWICE THAT OF MAX. GROWTH
MANDI. GROWTH WAS FOUND TO INVOLVE
AN UPWARD & FORWARD ROTATION &
INCISORSWERE FOUND TO TIP LINGUALLY
WITH INCRESING AGE
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52. A.J.O. 1994, LONGITUDINAL CHANGES IN
ADULT FACIAL PROFILE
SUBJECTS WERE B/W THE AGES 18-42 YRS.
Results showed that male profiles straightened with age &
became more retrusive.
The males ^sed in all nose dimensions & in soft tissue
thickness at pogonion & decreased in upper lip thickness
The female profile did not become straighter with age & lips
did not become more retrusive as with males
For males most changes in hard tissue measurements had
been accomplished by age 25 yrs, whereas soft tissue
changes occurred even after 25 yrs
For females both hard & soft tissue measurement had more
changes after age 25
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53.
ISRAEL ( 1973) reported data from women who
were 1st examined at ages ranging from 24 – 48 yrs
& were reexamined 14 – 28 yrs later.
He concluded that there was 4 – 5 % overall ^se in
size, upper face ^sed by 6 %, frontal sinuses by 914 % & mandible by 5 -7 %.
There was significant ^se in Se – Na, Se –Ba, Go –
Gn, Co – Gn.
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54.
BEHERENTS ( 1985 ) found enlargement in
all dimensions of cranial base & mandible
after 30 yrs & growth ceased after 35 yre of
age.
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55. ANGLE 1988, LATE GROWTH
CHANGES
IN CRANIOFACIAL SKELETON
THIS STUDY SHOWED THAT ALL MEASUREMENTS
REACHED PEAK AT 32 YRS EXCEPT FOR Go – Gn AT
40 YRS.
The age at which maxi. length occurs in an individual is
regarded as the age at which growth has ceased.
There were small decreases in the cranial base & mandi.
lengths after the maxi. Values were attained (mean
decrease 0.62 – 1.33mm)
The decrease tended to be larger in men than in women.
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56.
^se in size of nose & ears
Nose- broader, longer &
had downward tip.
Lower third of face
showed ^sed dimension.
Lip prominence was
lessened
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57.
In both sexes most of the changes was expressed
ant. ly. Thus the position of the nasion & tip of
nasal bone were located in an anterior position
with time.
The chin continues to get displaced ant .ly during
all ages.
The mean ^se in total facial height was 2.8mm
during adulthood
Because of the growth of the nose & the anterior
movement of chin, teeth appear less prominent &
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58.
Persons who had experienced the loss of many
teeth also grew in adulthood.
But these individuals grew less in adulthood. They
showed a vertical loss of dimension with time.
In a very old individual where the jaws are
completely edentulous, the alveolar bone resorbs &
vertical facial height is reduced. The lower face
becomes concave.
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59. CONCLUSION
ON THE BASIS OF THE FINDINGS PRESENTED HERE,
IT MUST BE RECOGNISED THAT GROWTH &
DEVELOPMENT OF THE CRANIOFACIAL SKELETON IS
A CONTINUING LONGTERM PROCESS THAT
APPARENTLY HAS ITS PERIODS OF EXUBERANCE &
RELATIVE QUIESCENCE, BUT THE BIOLOGIC
MECHANISMS THAT REGULATE THE CHANGES
REMAIN INTACT & NEVER REALLY TERMINATE.
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60. Thank you
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