This document discusses two categories of multiscale modeling methods: parallel and concurrent multiscale modeling. Parallel modeling separates calculations at different scales and passes results between scales, while concurrent modeling solves problems simultaneously across scales. The document then proposes using concurrent multiscale modeling to estimate deformation in a CFRP/MFC composite under loading. It involves defining micro- and macroscale models, homogenizing a representative volume element at the microscale, and inputting homogenized properties into a finite element analysis at the macroscale.

2.  Generally speaking, there are two categories of multiscale modeling methods:
 Parallel scale modelling
 Concurrent multi scale modelling
 Parallel multi scale modelling :
Parallel multiscale methodology separates calculation at each scale and
passes the results between scales.
Thesis definition “” Serial multi-scale method is to transfer the physical parameters obtained at low scales to high
scales for analysis, its idea is to decouple the multi-scale problem for level-by-level analysis and realize bottom-up
nested analysis””

3. Concurrent multi scale modelling :
o Concurrent multiscale modeling refers to a computational approach that integrates calculations and solves problems
simultaneously across different scales or levels of detail.
o It involves dividing a system into smaller sub-domains characterized by different scales and physics.
o Each sub-domain is treated using appropriate theories and methods to simulate its specific material behaviors.
o The goal of concurrent multiscale modeling is to establish smooth connections, known as interfacial conditions,
between these sub-domains, allowing information and interactions to flow seamlessly between them.
o This approach enables a more efficient and accurate representation of complex systems where the behavior at each
scale is influenced by phenomena occurring at other scales.
o By considering multiple scales simultaneously, concurrent multiscale modeling provides a more comprehensive
understanding of the system's behavior and can be particularly valuable in studying systems with strong
interdependencies between different scales.

4.  A concurrent multiscale model will be developed in order to estimate the
deformation mechanism of CFRP/MFC intelligent structure under flexure
loading.
 Numerical estimation of capturing the complex nature of damage evolution in
composites
 Why Concurrent multiscale modelling ?
o Homogenized macroscale models do not correctly capture the failure mechanisms of a composite material and
therefore micromechanical models have been developed as an alternative

5. Microscale modelling:
 Defining the general structure of ,multiscale approach and pre-requisite for
micromechanical model and estimation of the composite properties using
homogenization process .
Macroscale Modelling:
 To insert the homogenized properties into a macroscopic model, which takes the
component geometry, boundary conditions and load cases into consideration. The
response of the macroscopic model can be validated experimentally by loading the
component and comparing measured strain values with simulated strain.
 Utilizing the properties on the original micromechanical model for estimating the
deformation behavior using 3-point bending test

7.  Microscopic structure of CFRP/MFC will be defined using RVE “’Representative volume
element as shown in Figure.
 An image-based approach is used to obtain a representative microstructure for further
micromechanical analysis.
 CFRP
 Macro fiber composite “”MFC””(Piezo electric
structure
 Interface epoxy
 Interface
 Resin
 Fiber
 Matrix
 Fiber

8. Homogenization of RVE :
 Global response is simulation Homogenization of RVE structure.
 The sensitivity of the homogenized properties to changes in constituent properties,
i.e., fiber and matrix properties, are analyzed with the aim of assessing the
importance of individual input parameters .
 The homogenized property is used to assess the isotropic properties of CFRP and
MFC structure.
 This homogenization will be performed using DIGIMAT-FE

10.  The finite element method will be used for simulating the macroscale behavior of
the CFRP/MFC beam structure. The simulations allow verification of the behavior
of a real component using the material constants obtained in the previous step
(homogenization of microscopic RVE).
 Material properties from the homogenized micromechanical model will be used
for material properties of the specimen in the micromechanical model/bending
study.
 Macrofibre composites
 CFRP
 Epoxy layer