Local content policies in the mining sector: lessons, challenges and new toolsIsabelle Ramdoo
This presentation is based on an expert paper, that unpacks local content policies in the mining sector. It highlights the different mechanisms and tools that governments can use to implement such policies as well as other voluntary initiatives used by mining industry. Finally it stresses on opportunities and challenges faced in designing such policies.
Lyes Boudiaf. Founder & President of Isly Holdings. Algeria. Lyes Boudiaf has been decorated as knight of the honorary Order of Merit of the State of Portugal
www.lyesboudiaf.com #lyesboudiaf
New Passenger Car Registrations are Dipping in Europe | An Aranca InfographicAranca
The number of new passenger car registrations declined by more than 2.8 million units between 2006 and 2014. Due to high unemployment and financial stability, the market is not expected to regain lost ground before the end of 2020.
Lyes Boudiaf. Founder & President of Isly Holdings. Algeria. Lyes Boudiaf has been decorated as knight of the honorary Order of Merit of the State of Portugal
www.lyesboudiaf.com #lyesboudiaf
Local content policies in the mining sector: lessons, challenges and new toolsIsabelle Ramdoo
This presentation is based on an expert paper, that unpacks local content policies in the mining sector. It highlights the different mechanisms and tools that governments can use to implement such policies as well as other voluntary initiatives used by mining industry. Finally it stresses on opportunities and challenges faced in designing such policies.
Lyes Boudiaf. Founder & President of Isly Holdings. Algeria. Lyes Boudiaf has been decorated as knight of the honorary Order of Merit of the State of Portugal
www.lyesboudiaf.com #lyesboudiaf
New Passenger Car Registrations are Dipping in Europe | An Aranca InfographicAranca
The number of new passenger car registrations declined by more than 2.8 million units between 2006 and 2014. Due to high unemployment and financial stability, the market is not expected to regain lost ground before the end of 2020.
Lyes Boudiaf. Founder & President of Isly Holdings. Algeria. Lyes Boudiaf has been decorated as knight of the honorary Order of Merit of the State of Portugal
www.lyesboudiaf.com #lyesboudiaf
Roundtable for Enhancing Inter-Regional Cooperation on Agenda 2030 - Presentation made at the ACP House
Isabelle Ramdoo
Deputy Head,
Economic Transformation Programme
Brussels, 30 – 31 March 2016
ICT SUMMIT 2010
17 February 2010
International ICT Industry
Summit on ICT Economic
Stimulus, Employment
and Investment Policies
Information Technology
Outlook 2010
Greham Vickery
In order to maximise the benefits of regional integration and look for new opportunities for competitiveness, policymakers, the private sector and development partners need access to accurate and comprehensive data on intra and inter-regional trade in Africa with respect to agricultural goods. It is in this context that CTA and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) are launching the “African Agricultural Trade Status Report”, which examines the current status, trends and outlook in African trade performance, making an important contribution towards data and analysis of developments both at regional and at continental levels. The Report, which is released in conjunction with the Briefing, builds on the work by the Regional Strategic Analysis and Knowledge Support System (ReSAKSS) of CAADP and the African Growth and Development Policy Modeling Consortium (AGRODEP) trade and also reflects the CTA’s commitment to advancing knowledge and sharing of best practices relating to agricultural trade.
The Brussels Development Briefing n.47 on the subject of “Regional Trade in Africa: Drivers, Trends and Opportunities” took place on 3rd February 2017 in Brussels at the ACP Secretariat (Avenue Georges Henri 451, 1200 Brussels) from 09:00 to 13:00. This Briefing was organised by the ACP-EU Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA), in collaboration with IFPRI, the European Commission / DEVCO, the ACP Secretariat, and CONCORD .
This presentation was made by Professor Patrick McNutt and is part of the Global MBA offered by FGV in partnership with Manchester Business School (MBS)
ICAO - Effects of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) on Civil AviationCiro Esposito
An interesting reading.
A very detailed analysis of the current situation and possible future scenarios.
Effects of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) on Civil Aviation: Economic Impact Analysis
EU: Passenger Cars - Market Report. Analysis And Forecast To 2020IndexBox Marketing
IndexBox Marketing has just published its report: “EU: Passenger Cars - Market Report. Analysis And Forecast To 2020”. This report focuses on the EU passenger car market, providing a comprehensive analysis and the most recent data on its market size and volume, EU trade, price dynamics, domestic production, and turnover in the industry. The market trends section reveals the main issues and uncertainties concerning the industry, while the medium-term outlook uncovers market prospects. The attractivity index (IB Index) summarizes the source of existing opportunities as they appear in this market, as well as an interpretation of the trade figures.
• Consumer expenditure in SSA
equaled nearly $600 billion in
2010, accounting for almost eight
percent of all emerging-market
spending, and is expected to reach
nearly $1 trillion by 2020.
• Consumer spending in South
Africa and Nigeria accounts for 51
percent of SSA's total expenditure.
• Poverty in SSA is decreasing
rapidly—from 40 percent in 1980 to
less than 30 percent in 2008—and is
expected to fall to 20 percent by 2020.
• By 2050, almost 60 percent of
people in SSA will live in cities,
compared with 40 percent in 2010.
This means 800 million more people
will live in urban environments.
• By 2012, over 50 percent of all
Africans—or more than 500 million
people—will own a mobile phone.
By 2014, this portion is expected to
increase to 56 percent (more than 600
million people), giving Africa one of
the world’s highest mobile usage rates.
Roundtable for Enhancing Inter-Regional Cooperation on Agenda 2030 - Presentation made at the ACP House
Isabelle Ramdoo
Deputy Head,
Economic Transformation Programme
Brussels, 30 – 31 March 2016
ICT SUMMIT 2010
17 February 2010
International ICT Industry
Summit on ICT Economic
Stimulus, Employment
and Investment Policies
Information Technology
Outlook 2010
Greham Vickery
In order to maximise the benefits of regional integration and look for new opportunities for competitiveness, policymakers, the private sector and development partners need access to accurate and comprehensive data on intra and inter-regional trade in Africa with respect to agricultural goods. It is in this context that CTA and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) are launching the “African Agricultural Trade Status Report”, which examines the current status, trends and outlook in African trade performance, making an important contribution towards data and analysis of developments both at regional and at continental levels. The Report, which is released in conjunction with the Briefing, builds on the work by the Regional Strategic Analysis and Knowledge Support System (ReSAKSS) of CAADP and the African Growth and Development Policy Modeling Consortium (AGRODEP) trade and also reflects the CTA’s commitment to advancing knowledge and sharing of best practices relating to agricultural trade.
The Brussels Development Briefing n.47 on the subject of “Regional Trade in Africa: Drivers, Trends and Opportunities” took place on 3rd February 2017 in Brussels at the ACP Secretariat (Avenue Georges Henri 451, 1200 Brussels) from 09:00 to 13:00. This Briefing was organised by the ACP-EU Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA), in collaboration with IFPRI, the European Commission / DEVCO, the ACP Secretariat, and CONCORD .
This presentation was made by Professor Patrick McNutt and is part of the Global MBA offered by FGV in partnership with Manchester Business School (MBS)
ICAO - Effects of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) on Civil AviationCiro Esposito
An interesting reading.
A very detailed analysis of the current situation and possible future scenarios.
Effects of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) on Civil Aviation: Economic Impact Analysis
EU: Passenger Cars - Market Report. Analysis And Forecast To 2020IndexBox Marketing
IndexBox Marketing has just published its report: “EU: Passenger Cars - Market Report. Analysis And Forecast To 2020”. This report focuses on the EU passenger car market, providing a comprehensive analysis and the most recent data on its market size and volume, EU trade, price dynamics, domestic production, and turnover in the industry. The market trends section reveals the main issues and uncertainties concerning the industry, while the medium-term outlook uncovers market prospects. The attractivity index (IB Index) summarizes the source of existing opportunities as they appear in this market, as well as an interpretation of the trade figures.
• Consumer expenditure in SSA
equaled nearly $600 billion in
2010, accounting for almost eight
percent of all emerging-market
spending, and is expected to reach
nearly $1 trillion by 2020.
• Consumer spending in South
Africa and Nigeria accounts for 51
percent of SSA's total expenditure.
• Poverty in SSA is decreasing
rapidly—from 40 percent in 1980 to
less than 30 percent in 2008—and is
expected to fall to 20 percent by 2020.
• By 2050, almost 60 percent of
people in SSA will live in cities,
compared with 40 percent in 2010.
This means 800 million more people
will live in urban environments.
• By 2012, over 50 percent of all
Africans—or more than 500 million
people—will own a mobile phone.
By 2014, this portion is expected to
increase to 56 percent (more than 600
million people), giving Africa one of
the world’s highest mobile usage rates.
Report Presentation of Africa´s development dynamis (2021) at the OECD Berlin Centre Webinar on 25/03/2021
by
Mario Pezzini | Director OECD Development Centre, Special Advisor to the OECD Secretary-General on Development
This presentation shows some of the most important positive changes that the Colombian economy has undergone, and it shows investors the ease of doing businesses in Colombia
This presentation outlines the fundamental things for investors to know about Botswana as an FDI destination; from setting up
a business – forms, SEZs to foreign ownership rules and apital export regulations.
« SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: CURRENT ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT, THE MAJOR DRIVERS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH AND THE ROLE GOVERNMENTS ARE PLAYING IN PROMOTING SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ON THE CONTINENT »
Presented by:
H.E. Abdourahmane CISSE,
Minister to the Prime Minister in charge of the Budget
COTE D'IVOIRE
Vinaye Ancharaz African integration facing up to emerging challengesVinaye Ancharaz
What are the external factors impacting African integration? This presentation discusses 6 of these factors: the economic partnership agreements, emerging economies, AGOA, the rise of mega-regionals, the Trade Facilitation Agreement and regional value chains
Africa's Rising Private Debt: is it sustainable?
This is the presentation from David Robinson, IMF's Deputy Director for the Africa Department to the APPG for Africa on 5th November 2018.
The roundtable was also presented to by Jesse Griffiths, Head of Programme Development Strategy and Finance at ODI. See ODI's briefing here- https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/resource-documents/12491.pdf
Chair: Lord Chidgey (Co-Chair of the APPG for Africa)
EPAs between the EU and Africa- presentation to the Africa APPG from African ...The Royal African Society
This presentation was given to the Africa APPG on delegation to the UNECA and AU conference of finance ministers in April 2016. The presentation was given by the African Trade Policy Centre (ATPC), Regional Integration and Trade Division (RITD)
at United Nations Economic Commission for Africa.
It covers UNECA's key observations regarding Economic Partnership Agreements and the EU.
This briefing was provided to the Africa APPG by Dr. Peg Murray-Evans on 14th September 2016 as part of a pre-delegation briefing to South Africa & Namibia.
Africa APPG - DFID presentation on Energy Africa Campaign - 22nd March 2016The Royal African Society
Presentation to the Africa All Party Parliamentary Group (APPG) from David Kennedy, Director General for Economic Development, DFID at a Africa APPG panel event in parliament (Developing sustainable & accessible energy infrastructure in Africa) exploring the opportunities and challenges in mobilising private sector capital for sustainable and accessible energy infrastructure in Africa and the best policy approaches to support African led renewable energy initiatives.
David Kennedy was appointed as the UK Department for International Development’s first Director General for Economic Development in June 2014. He has worked on development finance, strategy and investment at the World Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, he was most recently Chief Executive of the Committee on Climate Change, an independent advisory body to the UK Government and Devolved Administrations. He has a PhD in economics from the London School of Economics.
The event was co-hosted with the Emerging Africa Infrastructure Fund and AFFORD-UK
Find the Africa APPG on Twitter: @AfricaAPPG
Africa APPG- The Emerging Africa Infrastructure Fund- a policy success storyThe Royal African Society
Presentation from Julia Prescot from EAIF to the Africa APPG, EAIF & AFFORD at a panel event in parliament exploring the opportunities and challenges in mobilising private sector capital for sustainable and accessible energy infrastructure in Africa and the best policy approaches to support African led renewable energy initiatives.
Julia Prescott is a non-executive director of EAIF and the chief strategy officer at Meridiam Infrastructure. Meridiam has grown to be a highly successful enterprise, with funds under management of $3.5 billion. Julia has over 25 years of international experience of investment banking and project finance. She has advised private sector and public bodies in established and emerging markets, including road and rail projects, power stations and structured trade finance transactions. Her involvement with African markets includes work in Cameroon, Kenya, Tanzania, South Africa, Uganda and Zimbabwe.
Presentation from Edward George at EcoBank to the Africa APPG, EAIF & AFFORD at a panel event in parliament exploring the opportunities and challenges in mobilising private sector capital for sustainable and accessible energy infrastructure in Africa and the best policy approaches to support African led renewable energy initiatives.
Edward George joined Ecobank in March 2011 and was appointed Head of Group Research in August 2014. Tedd heads a team of nine analysts based in the UK and across Middle Africa, focusing on the fixed income, currencies and commodities space, and working closely with the banks corporate and investment banking teams. Prior to this appointment, he headed the Soft Commodities Research Desk, covering all aspects of supply/demand and trade flows for soft commodities, with a focus on cocoa, coffee, cotton, sugar and grains. Edward is also a specialist on Francophone West Africa and Lusophone Africa, and is the bank’s expert on intra-African trade and trade finance. Prior to joining Ecobank Edward worked for The Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) for seven years as a Senior Editor in both the Commodities and Africa Departments.
Follow the Africa All Party Parliamentray Group on Twitter @AfricaAPPG
9th September 2015
This meeting was taken as oral evidence for the Africa APPG Ebola inquiry which resulted in the report- Lessons from Ebola affected communities: being prepared for future health crises. Available here-http://bit.ly/1U4rsef
Follow the Africa APPG on Twitter @AfricaAPPG
For more information on the Africa APPG visit- http://bit.ly/1SSrIcR and to sign up to the APPG public mailing list register here- http://bit.ly/1oF83Cp
The Africa APPG is supported by the Royal African Society.
Thursday 2nd July
This meeting contributed as oral evidence to the larger Africa APPG Ebola inquiry which resulted in the report- Lessons from Ebola affected communities: being prepared for future health crises. Available here-http://bit.ly/1U4rsef
Follow the Africa APPG on Twitter @AfricaAPPG
For more information on the Africa APPG visit- http://bit.ly/1SSrIcR and to sign up to the APPG public mailing list register here- http://bit.ly/1oF83Cp
The Africa APPG is supported by the Royal African Society.
Africa APPG- IMF's Regional Economic Outlook for Sub-Saharan Africa (October ...The Royal African Society
These are the slides from a presentation made by the Africa Deputy Director of the IMF, Roger Nord to the Africa All Party Parliamentary Group in UK Parliament on 8th December 2014.
This is a summary of the IMF's Regional Economic Outlook for Sub-Saharan Africa (October 2014). Available here http://bit.ly/1x52mAc
Follow the Africa APPG on Twitter @AfricaAPPG
For more information on the Africa APPG visit- http://bit.ly/1SSrIcR and to sign up to the APPG public mailing list register here- http://bit.ly/1oF83Cp
The Africa APPG is supported by the Royal African Society.
where can I find a legit pi merchant onlineDOT TECH
Yes. This is very easy what you need is a recommendation from someone who has successfully traded pi coins before with a merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold thousands of pi coins before the open mainnet.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with
@Pi_vendor_247
Even tho Pi network is not listed on any exchange yet.
Buying/Selling or investing in pi network coins is highly possible through the help of vendors. You can buy from vendors[ buy directly from the pi network miners and resell it]. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024 - Ricerca sulle Startup e il Sistema dell'Innov...Quotidiano Piemontese
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024
Una ricerca de il Club degli Investitori, in collaborazione con ToTeM Torino Tech Map e con il supporto della ESCP Business School e di Growth Capital
how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the telegram id of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Tele gram: @Pi_vendor_247
#pi #sell #nigeria #pinetwork #picoins #sellpi #Nigerian #tradepi #pinetworkcoins #sellmypi
Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank Introduce New Co-Branded Credit Cardnickysharmasucks
The unveiling of the IndusInd Bank Poonawalla Fincorp eLITE RuPay Platinum Credit Card marks a notable milestone in the Indian financial landscape, showcasing a successful partnership between two leading institutions, Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank. This co-branded credit card not only offers users a plethora of benefits but also reflects a commitment to innovation and adaptation. With a focus on providing value-driven and customer-centric solutions, this launch represents more than just a new product—it signifies a step towards redefining the banking experience for millions. Promising convenience, rewards, and a touch of luxury in everyday financial transactions, this collaboration aims to cater to the evolving needs of customers and set new standards in the industry.
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the Telegram username
@Pi_vendor_247
Financial Assets: Debit vs Equity Securities.pptxWrito-Finance
financial assets represent claim for future benefit or cash. Financial assets are formed by establishing contracts between participants. These financial assets are used for collection of huge amounts of money for business purposes.
Two major Types: Debt Securities and Equity Securities.
Debt Securities are Also known as fixed-income securities or instruments. The type of assets is formed by establishing contracts between investor and issuer of the asset.
• The first type of Debit securities is BONDS. Bonds are issued by corporations and government (both local and national government).
• The second important type of Debit security is NOTES. Apart from similarities associated with notes and bonds, notes have shorter term maturity.
• The 3rd important type of Debit security is TRESURY BILLS. These securities have short-term ranging from three months, six months, and one year. Issuer of such securities are governments.
• Above discussed debit securities are mostly issued by governments and corporations. CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSITS CDs are issued by Banks and Financial Institutions. Risk factor associated with CDs gets reduced when issued by reputable institutions or Banks.
Following are the risk attached with debt securities: Credit risk, interest rate risk and currency risk
There are no fixed maturity dates in such securities, and asset’s value is determined by company’s performance. There are two major types of equity securities: common stock and preferred stock.
Common Stock: These are simple equity securities and bear no complexities which the preferred stock bears. Holders of such securities or instrument have the voting rights when it comes to select the company’s board of director or the business decisions to be made.
Preferred Stock: Preferred stocks are sometime referred to as hybrid securities, because it contains elements of both debit security and equity security. Preferred stock confers ownership rights to security holder that is why it is equity instrument
<a href="https://www.writofinance.com/equity-securities-features-types-risk/" >Equity securities </a> as a whole is used for capital funding for companies. Companies have multiple expenses to cover. Potential growth of company is required in competitive market. So, these securities are used for capital generation, and then uses it for company’s growth.
Concluding remarks
Both are employed in business. Businesses are often established through debit securities, then what is the need for equity securities. Companies have to cover multiple expenses and expansion of business. They can also use equity instruments for repayment of debits. So, there are multiple uses for securities. As an investor, you need tools for analysis. Investment decisions are made by carefully analyzing the market. For better analysis of the stock market, investors often employ financial analysis of companies.
What website can I sell pi coins securely.DOT TECH
Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
But you can still easily sell pi coins, by reselling it to exchanges/crypto whales interested in holding thousands of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell to these crypto whales and holders of pi..
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners and pi merchants stands in between the miners and the exchanges.
How can I sell my pi coins?
Selling pi coins is really easy, but first you need to migrate to mainnet wallet before you can do that. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
Tele-gram.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.DOT TECH
As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
If you want to sell your pi coins, reach out to a pi vendor and sell them to anyone looking to sell pi coins from any country around the globe.
Below is the contact information for my personal pi vendor.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
How to get verified on Coinbase Account?_.docxBuy bitget
t's important to note that buying verified Coinbase accounts is not recommended and may violate Coinbase's terms of service. Instead of searching to "buy verified Coinbase accounts," follow the proper steps to verify your own account to ensure compliance and security.
Empowering the Unbanked: The Vital Role of NBFCs in Promoting Financial Inclu...Vighnesh Shashtri
In India, financial inclusion remains a critical challenge, with a significant portion of the population still unbanked. Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) have emerged as key players in bridging this gap by providing financial services to those often overlooked by traditional banking institutions. This article delves into how NBFCs are fostering financial inclusion and empowering the unbanked.
Exploring Abhay Bhutada’s Views After Poonawalla Fincorp’s Collaboration With...beulahfernandes8
The financial landscape in India has witnessed a significant development with the recent collaboration between Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank.
The launch of the co-branded credit card, the IndusInd Bank Poonawalla Fincorp eLITE RuPay Platinum Credit Card, marks a major milestone for both entities.
This strategic move aims to redefine and elevate the banking experience for customers.
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
2. Main messages
1. Africa’s high growth has not created
enough jobs nor reduced inequalities
2. Achieving the African Union’s Agenda
2063 depends on how development
strategies are implemented
2
3. Africa’s growth is projected to return to its
2009-14 regime, but …
African economies have grown by 4.6% since 2000…but challenges remain
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018 (p) 2022 (p)
Africa Developing Asia LAC
% Real GDP growth, 1990-2022
3
4. 282 million workers (66%) are vulnerable
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018(p)
2019(p)
2020(p)
2021(p)
2022(p)
2023(p)
% employment
Paid employees and employers Vulnerable employment
Vulnerable employment
2023 target
Working poverty
2023 target
Employment status for Africans, and Agenda 2063’s 2023 targets
4
6. Development strategies have sustained
growth in several African countries
Off-shore sectors :
Egypt, Ethiopia, Senegal, Morocco
Medium and high value added sectors :
Egypt, Morocco, South Africa
Support to export
markets
Incentives to FDI Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, Ethiopia, South Africa
Public-led
infrastructures
investment
Côte d’Ivoire, Ethiopia
7. Strategies could target 20 African markets
that grow faster than global averages
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Total 10-year increase (%)Billion USD
Africa's total imports (Av.2013-2015, in billion USD) Africa: Total ten-year increase (% ) World: Total ten-year increase (% )
Africa’s top imports, 2013-15
8. Different sources of financing will
scale up productive investment
20.0
27.1
18.5
16.8
15.1
17.7
8.8
3.8
5.2
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Africa Asia LAC
% of GDP
Gross private saving General government taxes External financial inflows
Domestic savings in Africa represented USD 422 billion annually over the
period 2009-16
9. Components for a better growth strategy
1. Diversify exports, especially by deepening regional
integration:
Design export strategies that are consistent with the
country’s potential
Facilitate access to intermediate and capital goods
Empower export and promotion agencies
2. Strengthen rural-urban linkages to tap fast-
growing domestic markets
Reform land ownership and management
Upgrade urban infrastructure and services
Strengthen rural-urban linkages through
sustainable intermediary cities
3. Encourage investment to strengthen the domestic
private sector
Simplify investment for domestic firms
Ensure consistency between FDI promotion strategies
and the capacity of local firms
Increase the efficiency of public investment
Domestic
savings
External
financial
inflows
9
13. Shifting wealth brings new development
partners, but policies are needed
Africa has diversified its trade partners
China
22
IND+BRA + KOR + TUR +
RUS
Traditional partners
Other Emerging
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
2000 2004 2008 2012 2016
% Billion USD
Emerging partners
Risks Opportunities
Shifting
wealth
New global competitors -
One-dollar jobs -
- New markets
- FDI & Development finance
13
14. Africa’s rapid demographic growth and
urbanisation bring a window of opportunities
14
By 2050, Africa will account for 69% of
the total increase in global labour force
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
Africa’s population by 2050 (in milions)
Total
Urban
Rural
902
(+136%)
-200
(-20%)
263
(+31%)
-85
(-17%)
25
(+12%)
Africa China India Europe United
States
Workforce changes by 2050, in millions
Demographic
dividends
↑ demand for jobs -
↑ demand for basic services -
- ↑ domestic market
- ↑ savings for investment
Urban
transition
Urban poverty -
Urban congestion -
- ↑ urban markets
- Infrastructure development
Africa’s urbanisation occurs twice as
fast as Europe’s
Risks Opportunities
15. New production revolution = new opportunities
if governments adapt their development
strategies
Industry 4.0 creates new
opportunities for industrialisation
Risks Opportunities
New
production
revolution
↓ Demand for low-skilled labour -
Cybersecurity -
- Leapfrog technological barriers
- New niches and markets
Africa’s manufacturers have also
a great opportunity at home
2
3
4
3
4 40
2
1
1
2 1
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1990-99 2000-08 2009-16 1990-99 2000-08 2009-16
Africa Asia (excld. China)
Consumption Investment
External balance GDP
15
17. Using AfDD to realise the ambitions of
Agenda 2063
Monitor
e
Policy dialogue on
Africa’s development
Policy coordination
among Pan-African
institutions
Assessment,
Benchmarking,
Consultation, &
Data
17
18. AfDD is the result of a broad
partnership between DEV and AUC
Memorandum of
Understanding
(2014-16 and 2016-21)
Better statistics
Policy dialogue
Annual report
18
19. AfDD is a joint horizontal collaboration
| DCD
| CFE
| CTP
| SGE
+
Other in-house Expertise
+
African academics
19
20. Policy Dialogues through the AfDD
2018
11 July 2018: Launch at AU in Addis Ababa
Regional
Launches
(tbc)
Global
Presentations
(tbc)
• Lisbon + CPLP summit (Portuguese edition)
• September: UNGA – New York
• 31 October: International Economic Forum on
Africa
• Berlin, London, Rome, Brussels, Tokyo, etc.
• Southern Africa: Pretoria + Lusaka
• East Africa: Kigali • North Africa: Rabat
• West Africa: Abuja • Central Africa: Libreville
20
Editor's Notes
Growth is still volatile
Growth not linked to improvements in well-being
Quality jobs remain scarce
Inequalities and poverty are high
Productivity gains are weak
African economies have grown by 4.6% since 2000. For the next five-year period (2018-22), Africa’s real GDP growth is projected at 3.9%.
The African continent has experienced strong growth since 2000, leading to a “rising Africa” narrative. Between 2000 and 2016, Africa enjoyed higher growth rates (4.6%) than Latin America and the Caribbean (2.8%), though not as high as developing Asia (7.2%). Africa’s growth benefited from high commodity prices, improved macroeconomic management and growth diversification strategies in some countries. Many African countries have invested strongly in public infrastructure. Countries have also diversified their trade partnerships, in particular with China, India and other emerging partners. Continental growth has shown its resilience to shocks.
Main message: Quality jobs remain scarce. If current trends persist, the share of vulnerable employment in Africa is projected to remain at 66% in 2022 – far from the Agenda 2063 target of 41% by 2023. Today, 282 million workers are already in vulnerable employment.
Growth has not translated into enough jobs, and quality jobs remain scarce across the continent. If current trends persist, the share of vulnerable employment in Africa is projected to remain at 66% in 2022 – far from meeting the target of 41% by 2023 set by Agenda 2063 (Figure 1). Today, 282 million workers are already in vulnerable employment. The continent also has one of the highest rates of informality outside the agricultural sector. The income level for informal workers is often highly vulnerable to various economic shocks, and the social protection system covers few informal workers. Despite general progress, women and youth particularly suffer from underemployment and a lack of wage-paying jobs.
Five megatrends are affecting Africa’s development dynamics and integration into the global economy.
Each of these megatrends brings large opportunities and risks that may reshape countries’ comparative advantages and industrialization potential.
How Africa responds to megatrends will affect growth, job creation and equality.
Three main strategies are mainly or cotargeted by African countries:
Support to export markets
Egypt : The strategy targets an increase in the overall exports propensity of the manufacturing sector from 20% to 40% by 2025. The objective is not to increase the level of manufactured exports but also to reinvigorate the technological structure of manufactured exports. This incremental increase will be realized as the Egyptian industrial sector responds to export development policies and to improve quality of production. The sectors targeted are medium and high technology activities as new industrial niches for the Egyptian manufacturing industries: renewable energy activities, labour intensive consumer electronics, automotive components, life sciences, biotechnology and ethnic products. The resource based and low technology won’t be discarded but the previous will be more supported for the long run competitiveness.
Ethiopia : The government’s Industrial Development Strategy aims to romote exports in labour intensive sectors such as textiles and garments, leather, sugar, flowers and cement.
Morocco : The Emergence strategy for 2009-15 has been focused on the seven World Crafts of Morocco: the aeronautics, automotive, electrical equipment, agro processing, textile and leather sectors and service related off shoring activities. The automotive industry became the country’s biggest export sector in 2014 and reached USD 5.3 billion in 2015.
Senegal : The governement has successfully begun diversifying its exports through an agricultural value-chain approach (with rice, onions, groundnuts, fruits, horticultural products). Nevertheless, post production segments of the value chain, such as processing, storage and marketing, face important binding contraints. Moreover, the economy proved vulnerable to the exogenous shocks of the energy, food and financial crisis between 2007-09.
Tunisia : The Kearney’s Global Services Location Index ranked Tuninia as the 35th most attractive offshoring destination in the world in 2017. Tunisia has succeed to become an attractive environment for export oriented foreign investors from Europe, BRICS and North America. Nevertheless, the exports are still too dependent of textile and agro food sectors, which represent 50% of the production and 60% of employment, but limited to a handful of EU countries (France, Germany and Italy) and face a strong competition from Asian exporters. Thus, high technology sectors should be supported to be integrated with the rest of the economy and global value chain.
South Africa : South Africa upgrades into global value chains and functions as an assembly hub for the automative industry, a global supplier of components.
Public-led investment in infrastructures
Côte d’Ivoire : MDCR advices Côte d’Ivoire to improve the industrial land attribution and management and to pursue investment in special economic zone. The governement should develop public private partnership and support rewenable energy sectors infrastructures. The ICT regulation should be better reglemented to be more competitive and remove obstacle to their development.
Ethiopia : Massive public-led infrastructures investments have taken place in the energy, tansport, comunications, agriculture and social sectors, albeit their initial levels were low.
Incentives for FDI
Côte d’Ivoire : Following MDCR advices, Côte d’Ivoire should adopt business friendly legislation and support investors .
Egypt : Attracting FDI is necessary to create a proliferating network of medium technology industries. The General Authority for Investment and Free Zones to adopt a sectoral FDI targeting strategy that is closely aligned with the sectoral focus. The primary objective of FDI promotion is to inserte competent Egyptian producers into global value chains via suitable modalities. FDI promotion would be to emphasize the natural resource endowments of the Egyptian economy and the existence of an adequate level of skills suitable for low technology nature.
Ethiopia : Investors in strategic sectors benefit from generous fiscal incentives, reduced import duties for capital goods and raw materials necessary for production, and preferential access to land and concessionary funding.
South Africa : The Industrial Policy Actions Plans provide incentives and co ordinate actions to strengthen skills and industrial and scientific capabilities (Zalk, 2012). These policies have enhanced co operation and discussion among government ministries, national development bank, private sector stakeholders, civil society and universities. South Africa’s lead companies in the telecommunication, banking and mining sectors are also making direct investments in other African countries to exploit the regional markets.
Note: Excluding oil products.
Source: Authors’ calculations based on UN Statistics Division (2017), UN COMTRADE (database).
Main message: Demand is shifting towards more processed goods. The rapid urban growth of African economies and a higher purchasing power of Africa’s emerging middle class are underpinning the growth of private consumption.
The middle class, defined as those spending between USD 5 and USD 20 a day, increased from 108 million people in 1990 to 247 million by 2013.
COMTRADE data shows that demand for processed food is growing fast, more than 1.5 times faster than the global average between 2005 and 2015. Africa’s food markets should triple by 2030 (Byerlee et al., 2013).
Local economies can attract more long-term and productive investment if policies can better mobilise domestic resources and external financial inflows.
Domestic savings in Africa represented USD 422 billion annually over the period 2009-16, which is 20% of the continent’s GDP. This is higher than tax revenues (16.8% of GDP) over the same period. Governments can help African firms catch up with global productivity by building stronger industrial linkages and developing local capacity. Innovative policies can help channel financial inflows to unlock private investment.
Financial intermediation needs to be strengthened
In countries with deep capital markets, SMEs and young companies can be listed on stock exchanges, following the example of the Johannesburg Stock Exchange’s platform for SMEs. Rwanda has recently waived the USD 23 000 listing fee for SMEs and will subsidise the cost of hiring transaction advisors, brokerage services and legal services (Esiara, 2018).
Government revenue come second as a share of Africa’s GDP. It is even higher than in LAC.
At country level, as we see in RevStat, thirteen countries had a lower tax-to-GDP ratio than the Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) average of 22.8% in 2015, with the exceptions being Morocco, South Africa and Tunisia.
Tax-to-GDP ratios in Tunisia’s (30.3% ) is comparable to the OECD level (34.3%).
External financial inflows can play an important role in sustaining productive investment, in particular in landlocked or non-resource-rich countries. Total financial inflows (remittances, FDI, portfolio inflows and net ODA) into Africa reached USD 183 billion in 2015, about 8.8% of GDP. This level is significantly higher than the average for Asia (4.5%) and LAC (6.9%).
FDI can help but more in term of technology. Africa’s business opportunities are now attracting international investors. The potential of domestic and regional markets attracted 53.4% of new foreign direct investment (FDI) projects to Africa in 2013-17. This share is similar to Asia’s level (55.7%) and ten percentage points higher than LAC’s (44.8%).
Remittance can be channelled into private investments.
ODA can help de-risk private investment and help SMEs comply with international standards. For example: the OECD Aid for Trade initiative.
There are several new avenues for better growth:
Export diversification can help Africa benefit more from integration in the global economy. Deepening regional integration, particularly increasing intra-African trade in intermediate goods, can also help. Deepening regional integration could boost Africa’s GDP by 1%, total employment by 1.2% and intra-African trade by 33%
2. Domestic demand in Africa offers new opportunities for local companies, such as entrepreneurs and small and mediumsized enterprises. African governments can do more to help them catch up with global productivity, especially
through building industrial linkages and developing local capacity.
3. To mobilise more financial resources for countries’ development, African governments can improve tax policies and revenue collection, enhance the effectiveness of public spending and promote better financial intermediation to channel savings towards investment in local economies.
Note: India (IND), Brazil (BRA), Korea Rep. (KOR), Turkey (TUR), and Russia (RUS). Trade is the sum of Africa’s exports and imports. Africa’s emerging partners are those defined by OECD et al. (2011).
Shifting wealth holds promise for more African entrepreneurs to take part in new supply networks
The rising share of emerging countries in the global economy – referred to as “shifting wealth” − will offer African countries the opportunity to diversify, upgrade in global value chains (GVCs) and find new sources of finance for development. During its two first phases (1990-2000 and 2001-08) the shifting wealth process accelerated Africa’s integration into the global economy, notably by diversifying its global partnerships
Africa’s trade with emerging partners expanded significantly since 2000. Between 2000 and 2016, Africa tripled its trade with the rest of the world, from USD 276 billion to USD 806 billion. Trade flows with emerging partners like China and India expanded significantly. As a result, Africa’s trade shifted from traditional to emerging trade partners. This holds both for African exports and imports. Trade with emerging economies accounted for 51% of Africa’s exports and 46% of Africa’s imports in 2016.
Looking forward, shifting wealth offers several new opportunities to Africa.
First, Africa can use its emerging partners to diversify its export basket.
Second, shifting wealth brings new development finance and innovation to Africa.
Third, for African countries, the benefit of China’s rebalancing will not be automatic.
Source: UN DESA (2017).
The scale of African population increase is huge and cannot be underestimated:
Between 1970 and 2010, China, India and sub-Saharan Africa all grew in similar numbers, by some 550-650 million people.
Today, Africa has the second largest workforce in the world after Asia, and its workforce will continue to grow.
Between 2015 and 2050, Africa’s working age population (defined as 15-64 year olds) will increase by 902 million people, about 69% of the total increase across the world. This growth exceeds that of India (263 million). In Europe, the figure should drop by 85 million and in China by 200 million.
Africa is going through a very rapid urban transition
Africa’s urbanisation occurs twice as fast as Europe
Africa’s urban population has doubled from 1995 to 472 million in 2015
Before 2040, the African continent will become in majority urban
Urbanisation has a huge impact on rural development too; rural and urban agendas are the same agenda.
Africa’s urbanisation is mainly taking place in intermediate cities and towns, with cities and towns with less than 500 000 residents accounted for 67% of urban growth between 2000 and 2018.
Barrier to technology to meet Africa’s goods demand is lower, which leaves rooms for more local entrepreneurs to take part in supply networks. The complexity level of consumption goods imported to Africa has decreased by half, from 0.8 to 0.4 between 1998 and 2016. The lower complexity level suggests that the production technology for those products is becoming more widespread, allowing more countries to supply them. Lower fixed costs allow African firms to vary their products.
Industry 4.0 offers new promise for African SMEs and start up too:
First, the efficient scale of production now becomes lower. African start-ups can utilise new digital infrastructure such as cloud computing to scale up quickly, or use technologies such as 3D printing to tailor their products to the local markets.
Second, Africa has an opportunity to leap frog to the newest technology and avoid path-dependence. Already, Africa uses more mobile banking than all other developing regions put together. There are almost 300 million mobile money accounts in Africa, compared to just over 10 million in Europe and Central Asia.
Third, new technologies can boost firms’ abilities to access new markets and find niches in GVCs. Africa’s trade in services are expanding beyond tourism and business offshoring activities. Cape Town, Lagos, Nairobi, Sfax and Tangiers are emerging hubs for start-ups selling services on global markets, especially in financial technology, ICT, movies, logistics and renewable energies.
Africa’s regional demand is growing and shifting towards more processed goods. The rapid urban growth of African economies and a higher purchasing power of Africa’s emerging middle class are underpinning the growth of private consumption.
The middle class, defined as those spending between USD 5 and USD 20 a day, increased from 108 million people in 1990 to 247 million by 2013.
COMTRADE data shows that demand for processed food is growing fast, more than 1.5 times faster than the global average between 2005 and 2015.
Demand for food products alone is expected to triple by 2030 (Byerlee et al., 2013).
However
Local firms must upgrade their technology and production processes if they are to meet the new domestic demand. For instance, improving production processes and products technology, adding desirable features, quality labelling and certification are necessary to compete on global markets. Currently African firms largely lag behind the global technology frontier in most fast-growing sectors. Currently, intermediate goods, for example, account for less than 15% of Africa’s trade.
Deepening GVCs and regional integration can provide sizable opportunities for stronger growth patterns.
The Dynamics of Africa’s Development report (ADD) is a vehicle for evidence-base policy making and policy dialogue.
Deepening policy dialogue among African policy makers and with Africa’s main partners on the implementation of the African Union Agenda 2063. International comparisons will provide further evidence for policy dialogue.
Advancing the coordination among continental organisations, regional communities, national and sub-national governments, and international partners.
As a monitoring tool to support the implementation of the objectives of – among others – the G20 Compact With Africa, the 2017 AU-EU Declaration of Abidjan and the related Action Plans.
A partnership between the African Union Commission and the OECD Development Centre that combines Pan-African ownership, the continental agenda and policy processes with a globally oriented organisation and its experience with policy analysis and statistics.
The proposal has been developed as part of the on-going co-operation between the African Union and the OECD Development Centre. The OECD and African Union entered into a MOU in 2014, renewed in 2016 for a period of 5 years, aimed at setting out the conditions for cooperation between the two organisations (see box). The MOU focuses on advancing common goals in the area of sustainable development in Africa, in particular in the areas of statistics, tax policy and policies for economic and social development. The MOU has resulted in the joint production of the Revenue Statistics in Africa report, the joint organisation of the International Economic Forum on Africa, and cooperation in the areas of extractive industries, global value chains and social policies. The more recent result of the partnership is the joint report “The Dynamics of Africa’s Development” (DAD). The first edition will be released in 2018.
The main purpose of the AU-OECD partnership is to assist the AU in designing better economic and social policies. To formulate efficient policies, reliable statistics are of paramount importance, an area in which the OECD has developed considerable expertise.
Academic institutions involved from African Union:
West African Monetary Agency
Université de Dschang
University of Zambia
Makerere University
Le Centre de Recherches Microéconomiques de Développement (CREMIDE), Côte d’Ivoire
Universite d’Angers