The document provides an overview of key concepts and terms related to empires, leaders, cities, trade, geography, and social structures in Africa. It discusses major empires like Ghana, Mali, and Songhai; influential leaders including Sundiata, Mansa Musa, and Askia Muhammad; trade goods and routes across the Sahara Desert; the location and course of the Niger River; matrilineal and patrilineal family structures; and additional concepts such as oral tradition, griots, clans, kinship, and labor specialization.