Afganistan’ın Bayrağı, coğrafik özellikleri
Afganistanın Tarihi ve Yönetim şekli
Önemli Afgan bilim ve siyasi şahsiyetleri ve ünlüler
Afganistanın Kültürü
Afganistan ile Türkiye arasındaki ilişkileri
Group members are working on a project about Afghanistan. Afghanistan is a landlocked country located in southwestern Asia between Pakistan, Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan. The capital of Afghanistan is Kabul. The population is over 35 million people and Islam is the dominant religion. Some of the main languages spoken are Pashto and Dari. Key sports in Afghanistan include buzkashi, cricket, and football.
This Afghanistan PowerPoint will teach you about the country's culture, customs, family life, gender roles, cuisine, etiquettes for dining, social and business interactions, and much more to assist you in your travels. Did you know that Afghanistan is the source of most of the world's lapis lazuli? Or that the national sport of Afghanistan is buzkashi, meaning 'goat-grabbing'?
The complete version highlights these facts and much more:
• 18 Points on General Information
• 17 Points on Family Life
• 11 Points on Food
• 15 Points on Food Etiquette
• 21 Points on Social Etiquette
• 36 Points on Business Etiquette
• 10 Points on Trivia.
The document provides historical context and details regarding the region of Jammu and Kashmir:
1. It outlines the changing territorial control of the region between India, Pakistan, and China since 1947. As of 2011, approximately 120,859 square kilometers of the original state's area of 222,236 square kilometers was occupied by Pakistan and China.
2. It discusses the Instrument of Accession signed in 1947, as well as subsequent UN and Jammu and Kashmir Assembly resolutions related to the region.
3. It notes that only 5 out of the state's 22 districts are currently disturbed, with the Kashmir Valley being the most ethnically diverse and politically sensitive area.
Afghanistan is an Islamic republic located in South Asia with a population of around 30 million. The country has four seasons and the flag features black, red and green colors. Dari and Pashto are the official languages, though other languages like Uzbeki and Turkmen are also spoken. Afghan culture has a long history, with arts, crafts and the Great Buddha of Bamyan sculptures dating back many centuries. Traditional Afghan foods are halal and include meats and vegetables, while popular sports include bozkashi, cricket and football. Major holidays in Afghanistan include Nawrouz, Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha and the national day.
Ringkasan dokumen tersebut adalah:
1) Dokumen tersebut membahas konsep Istihalah dalam hukum Islam dan bagaimana perubahan zat dari najis menjadi suci.
2) Terdapat beberapa contoh Istihalah yang diterima oleh para ulama seperti arak menjadi cuka dan kulit bangkai yang disamak.
3) Terdapat perbedaan pendapat antara mazhab dalam penerapan teori Istihalah pada berbagai kasus.
This document provides an overview of Afghanistan, including its location in Central Asia, government as an Islamic republic, and population of 30 million. It notes that Dari and Pashto are the official languages and Islam is the dominant religion. A brief history is given on human settlement dating back 50,000 years. Key details are provided on the government structure, provinces, currency, education system with over 8 million children in school, and economy with a focus on agriculture as the main industry employing over 70% of the population. Popular cultural aspects like greetings, clothing, foods including kabab and bolani, and sports such as cricket and buzkashi are also summarized.
Group members are working on a project about Afghanistan. Afghanistan is a landlocked country located in southwestern Asia between Pakistan, Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan. The capital of Afghanistan is Kabul. The population is over 35 million people and Islam is the dominant religion. Some of the main languages spoken are Pashto and Dari. Key sports in Afghanistan include buzkashi, cricket, and football.
This Afghanistan PowerPoint will teach you about the country's culture, customs, family life, gender roles, cuisine, etiquettes for dining, social and business interactions, and much more to assist you in your travels. Did you know that Afghanistan is the source of most of the world's lapis lazuli? Or that the national sport of Afghanistan is buzkashi, meaning 'goat-grabbing'?
The complete version highlights these facts and much more:
• 18 Points on General Information
• 17 Points on Family Life
• 11 Points on Food
• 15 Points on Food Etiquette
• 21 Points on Social Etiquette
• 36 Points on Business Etiquette
• 10 Points on Trivia.
The document provides historical context and details regarding the region of Jammu and Kashmir:
1. It outlines the changing territorial control of the region between India, Pakistan, and China since 1947. As of 2011, approximately 120,859 square kilometers of the original state's area of 222,236 square kilometers was occupied by Pakistan and China.
2. It discusses the Instrument of Accession signed in 1947, as well as subsequent UN and Jammu and Kashmir Assembly resolutions related to the region.
3. It notes that only 5 out of the state's 22 districts are currently disturbed, with the Kashmir Valley being the most ethnically diverse and politically sensitive area.
Afghanistan is an Islamic republic located in South Asia with a population of around 30 million. The country has four seasons and the flag features black, red and green colors. Dari and Pashto are the official languages, though other languages like Uzbeki and Turkmen are also spoken. Afghan culture has a long history, with arts, crafts and the Great Buddha of Bamyan sculptures dating back many centuries. Traditional Afghan foods are halal and include meats and vegetables, while popular sports include bozkashi, cricket and football. Major holidays in Afghanistan include Nawrouz, Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha and the national day.
Ringkasan dokumen tersebut adalah:
1) Dokumen tersebut membahas konsep Istihalah dalam hukum Islam dan bagaimana perubahan zat dari najis menjadi suci.
2) Terdapat beberapa contoh Istihalah yang diterima oleh para ulama seperti arak menjadi cuka dan kulit bangkai yang disamak.
3) Terdapat perbedaan pendapat antara mazhab dalam penerapan teori Istihalah pada berbagai kasus.
This document provides an overview of Afghanistan, including its location in Central Asia, government as an Islamic republic, and population of 30 million. It notes that Dari and Pashto are the official languages and Islam is the dominant religion. A brief history is given on human settlement dating back 50,000 years. Key details are provided on the government structure, provinces, currency, education system with over 8 million children in school, and economy with a focus on agriculture as the main industry employing over 70% of the population. Popular cultural aspects like greetings, clothing, foods including kabab and bolani, and sports such as cricket and buzkashi are also summarized.
1) Afghanistan has a long history as a crossroads between civilizations and was conquered by many empires over centuries before becoming an independent state in the 18th century.
2) The country experienced periods of internal conflict and instability throughout the 19th and 20th centuries and was invaded by Britain in the 1830s. It gained full independence in 1919.
3) The Taliban rose to power in the 1990s and imposed strict Islamic rule until being overthrown by U.S. forces in 2001 following the 9/11 terrorist attacks carried out by Al Qaeda while sheltered in Afghanistan.
A ppt prepared by mehrabudin wakman ..Helmand AFghanistan ......
this is the true Afghanistan after 2001 till 2012...... hope for more developments and changes
Historians have found early human settlement.
One of the first areas to have farming.
This area was a crossroad between Mesopotamia and other civilizations.
Aryan tribes invade and settle.
The city of Kabul was created in this period.
Rig Veda created here. It was a collection of over 1,000 hymns, which contain the mythology of the Hindu gods and the origins of Hinduism.
Ibn Khaldun adalah seorang pemikir muslim abad ke-14 yang terkenal dengan teori Ashabiyahnya tentang ikatan sosial dan solidaritas kelompok. Menurut teorinya, semakin kuat ikatan sosial dalam suatu komunitas akan meningkatkan komitmennya, sebaliknya ikatan longgar akan memunculkan konflik. Ibn Khaldun juga menganalisis faktor-faktor sosial, ekonomi, dan politik yang mempengaruhi kemajuan dan kemund
The document provides information about Afghanistan. It discusses that Afghanistan has a population of about 33 million people and is located in South and Central Asia, bordering Pakistan, Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan. The major ethnic groups in Afghanistan are Pashtun, Tajik, Hazara, Uzbek, and Aimaq. Over 99% of Afghans are Muslim. Afghan culture is influenced by its long history and neighboring countries like Pakistan and Iran. Hospitality and respect are highly valued in Afghan society and business etiquette.
1) The document provides a timeline of key events in the War in Iraq from 2003 to 2007, including the toppling of Saddam Hussein's regime, his capture and execution, and the establishment of a new Iraqi government.
2) It discusses the reasons given by President Bush for declaring war on Iraq, including Iraq's alleged weapons of mass destruction and desire to instill democracy. However, others believe the true reason was to maintain control over Iraqi oil.
3) The consequences of the war have been high death tolls estimated at 655,000, economic hardship in Iraq with unemployment as high as 60%, and the destruction of Iraqi culture and infrastructure.
A Brief Insight of The Afghanistan (History+ culture & Art+ lifestyle)Ehsanullah Oria
This presentation is dedicated to those who wants to explore about culture, History, lifestyle, Arts & crafts and tradition of Afghanistan.
I have explained in details about above mentioned subjects, enjoy the presentation and stay tuned for further presentations
Afghanistan is located in Southwest Asia. It is a landlocked country surrounded by mountains with few roads connecting it to neighboring countries. The Khyber Pass through the Hindu Kush mountains connects Afghanistan to Pakistan and has historically been important for trade and military conquests. Afghanistan has a majority Muslim population and observes several Islamic holidays and customs as part of its culture and traditions.
Dokumen tersebut membahas sejarah empat khalifah pertama Islam yaitu Abu Bakar, Umar, Utsman, dan Ali. Mencakup periode setelah wafatnya Nabi Muhammad saw hingga masa pemerintahan Ali bin Abi Thalib.
Afghanistan is a landlocked country with rugged terrain prone to natural disasters. It has extreme temperatures and limited water resources, making farming difficult. The population is over 31 million, mostly Muslim, with the largest ethnic groups being Pashtun, Tajik, and Hazara. The Taliban previously ruled with strict Islamic law, severely restricting women's rights, until being removed from power by the U.S. in 2001. However, the Taliban remains a militant insurgent group. President Hamid Karzai aims to rebuild the country amid challenges of providing basic necessities, controlling the Taliban, and curbing the illegal drug trade.
Afghanistan has a population of 36.7 million and is located in South and Central Asia, bounded by several countries. The majority of Afghans are Muslim and speak Pashto or Dari. Men typically wear traditional dress like kurta-pajama while women wear a burka in public. The national sport is Buzkashi and the national dish is Kabuli palaw. Afghan culture is very traditional, collective, and patriarchal.
This document provides an overview of Afghanistan. It discusses the country's basic facts, including its name meaning and history. It describes Afghanistan's landscape, climate, and population which includes various ethnic groups. It outlines aspects of Afghan culture such as language, religion, art, food, and traditions around hospitality and visiting homes. It also summarizes Afghanistan's political system and history including Soviet invasion and the rise of the Taliban. The economy is centered around agriculture and illegal opium production. Education, health, and infrastructure development are ongoing challenges.
Iraq is a federal parliamentary republic located in the Middle East between Iran and Kuwait. Nouri al-Maliki has been the Prime Minister of Iraq since 2006, exercising executive power. Iraq has a multi-party system with power shared between the Prime Minister, President, and Council of Representatives. The country continues to struggle with corruption and instability following the US-led invasion that overthrew Saddam Hussein's government in 2003.
This document provides information about the Pakistan Muslim League (N) or PML(N), including:
1) PML(N) is a center-right, fiscal conservative political party in Pakistan headed by former Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif.
2) PML(N) is the only party to receive a two-thirds majority in parliament through elections, which it achieved in 1997.
3) The document lists key leaders of PML(N) and provides background on the party's history and vision. It also includes several charts showing public opinion polling on topics related to PML(N) such as its popularity and perceptions of governance in Punjab province.
The document discusses the Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan from different perspectives. It provides background on the princely state of Kashmir and how it became part of India via an Instrument of Accession signed by its ruler. India sees Kashmir as an integral part of India based on this document, while Pakistan disputes the circumstances around its signing. Both countries have fought multiple wars over the region and continue to disagree on its status and governance. The document also notes China's claims to parts of Kashmir and outlines contentious policies like Article 370 and AFSPA that have fueled local unrest. It concludes by advocating for greater UN involvement to restore peace and respect for human rights in the disputed region.
Buku ini membahas tentang definisi Al-Quran dan kelebihannya, kelebihan membaca dan menghafal Al-Quran, teknik-teknik menghafal Al-Quran, dan mekanisme mengekalkan hafalan ayat-ayat Al-Quran. Bab-bab utama meliputi definisi Al-Quran, kelebihannya, adab membaca Al-Quran, tadabbur (memahami) Al-Quran, persiapan rohani sebelum menghafal, serta penyebab lupa
1. Afghanistan has borders with Pakistan, former Soviet republics, Iran, and a short border with China. It became a unified state in the 1700s but remained poor and underdeveloped.
2. In the 20th century, Afghanistan had shifting alliances with Britain and the Soviet Union. A communist coup in 1978 installed a pro-Soviet government and led to a Soviet invasion in 1979 to support the new regime.
3. The Soviet withdrawal in 1989 was followed by a civil war and the rise of the Taliban regime in the 1990s. Al Qaeda attacks from Afghanistan in 2001 prompted a U.S.-led invasion that overthrew the Taliban.
This document provides an introduction to Afghanistan for social studies lessons on the country. It includes brief sections on Afghanistan's government (ruled by factions with the Taliban controlling most areas), religion (99% Muslim), people (diverse ethnic groups, 45 year life expectancy), languages (Dari and Pashtu most common), geography (landlocked and mountainous), economy (dependent on farming and livestock but damaged by war), history (creation in 18th century, independence from Britain in 1919, periods of monarchy and civil war), and current conditions (infrastructure damaged after decades of conflict, landmines common, Taliban destroyed Buddhist statues).
Afghanistan is a landlocked, mountainous country located in Central Asia that borders six countries. It has a population of over 31 million people, mostly concentrated in rural areas, with Islam being the dominant religion. Afghanistan has a long history of foreign invasions and internal conflicts. In recent decades it has experienced wars with the Soviet Union and Taliban rule before a U.S.-led invasion in 2001. Afghanistan today continues to face significant challenges of poverty, lack of education, poor health outcomes, and developing strong central governance as it works to rebuild after decades of war.
The document discusses U.S. foreign policy and how it is established. Foreign policy is created by the government to manage relationships with other countries and achieve national goals. The president can independently enact policy or propose legislation to Congress. Congress can influence policy through resolutions, restrictions, or denying funds. Key historical policies and organizations that shaped U.S. foreign policy include the Marshall Plan, NATO, and the United Nations. Current foreign policy aims to progress international relationships but also deals with conflicts in countries like Iran, Iraq and Israel, which can impact American public opinion.
Afghanistan has two official languages, Pashto and Dari. Over 99% of Afghans are Muslim, mostly Sunni. The climate is extreme continental with little rain. Afghanistan has a population of over 31 million, with 90% working in agriculture and a literacy rate of 36%. The culture reflects its complex history and the influence of multiple ethnic groups and empires.
1) Afghanistan has a long history as a crossroads between civilizations and was conquered by many empires over centuries before becoming an independent state in the 18th century.
2) The country experienced periods of internal conflict and instability throughout the 19th and 20th centuries and was invaded by Britain in the 1830s. It gained full independence in 1919.
3) The Taliban rose to power in the 1990s and imposed strict Islamic rule until being overthrown by U.S. forces in 2001 following the 9/11 terrorist attacks carried out by Al Qaeda while sheltered in Afghanistan.
A ppt prepared by mehrabudin wakman ..Helmand AFghanistan ......
this is the true Afghanistan after 2001 till 2012...... hope for more developments and changes
Historians have found early human settlement.
One of the first areas to have farming.
This area was a crossroad between Mesopotamia and other civilizations.
Aryan tribes invade and settle.
The city of Kabul was created in this period.
Rig Veda created here. It was a collection of over 1,000 hymns, which contain the mythology of the Hindu gods and the origins of Hinduism.
Ibn Khaldun adalah seorang pemikir muslim abad ke-14 yang terkenal dengan teori Ashabiyahnya tentang ikatan sosial dan solidaritas kelompok. Menurut teorinya, semakin kuat ikatan sosial dalam suatu komunitas akan meningkatkan komitmennya, sebaliknya ikatan longgar akan memunculkan konflik. Ibn Khaldun juga menganalisis faktor-faktor sosial, ekonomi, dan politik yang mempengaruhi kemajuan dan kemund
The document provides information about Afghanistan. It discusses that Afghanistan has a population of about 33 million people and is located in South and Central Asia, bordering Pakistan, Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan. The major ethnic groups in Afghanistan are Pashtun, Tajik, Hazara, Uzbek, and Aimaq. Over 99% of Afghans are Muslim. Afghan culture is influenced by its long history and neighboring countries like Pakistan and Iran. Hospitality and respect are highly valued in Afghan society and business etiquette.
1) The document provides a timeline of key events in the War in Iraq from 2003 to 2007, including the toppling of Saddam Hussein's regime, his capture and execution, and the establishment of a new Iraqi government.
2) It discusses the reasons given by President Bush for declaring war on Iraq, including Iraq's alleged weapons of mass destruction and desire to instill democracy. However, others believe the true reason was to maintain control over Iraqi oil.
3) The consequences of the war have been high death tolls estimated at 655,000, economic hardship in Iraq with unemployment as high as 60%, and the destruction of Iraqi culture and infrastructure.
A Brief Insight of The Afghanistan (History+ culture & Art+ lifestyle)Ehsanullah Oria
This presentation is dedicated to those who wants to explore about culture, History, lifestyle, Arts & crafts and tradition of Afghanistan.
I have explained in details about above mentioned subjects, enjoy the presentation and stay tuned for further presentations
Afghanistan is located in Southwest Asia. It is a landlocked country surrounded by mountains with few roads connecting it to neighboring countries. The Khyber Pass through the Hindu Kush mountains connects Afghanistan to Pakistan and has historically been important for trade and military conquests. Afghanistan has a majority Muslim population and observes several Islamic holidays and customs as part of its culture and traditions.
Dokumen tersebut membahas sejarah empat khalifah pertama Islam yaitu Abu Bakar, Umar, Utsman, dan Ali. Mencakup periode setelah wafatnya Nabi Muhammad saw hingga masa pemerintahan Ali bin Abi Thalib.
Afghanistan is a landlocked country with rugged terrain prone to natural disasters. It has extreme temperatures and limited water resources, making farming difficult. The population is over 31 million, mostly Muslim, with the largest ethnic groups being Pashtun, Tajik, and Hazara. The Taliban previously ruled with strict Islamic law, severely restricting women's rights, until being removed from power by the U.S. in 2001. However, the Taliban remains a militant insurgent group. President Hamid Karzai aims to rebuild the country amid challenges of providing basic necessities, controlling the Taliban, and curbing the illegal drug trade.
Afghanistan has a population of 36.7 million and is located in South and Central Asia, bounded by several countries. The majority of Afghans are Muslim and speak Pashto or Dari. Men typically wear traditional dress like kurta-pajama while women wear a burka in public. The national sport is Buzkashi and the national dish is Kabuli palaw. Afghan culture is very traditional, collective, and patriarchal.
This document provides an overview of Afghanistan. It discusses the country's basic facts, including its name meaning and history. It describes Afghanistan's landscape, climate, and population which includes various ethnic groups. It outlines aspects of Afghan culture such as language, religion, art, food, and traditions around hospitality and visiting homes. It also summarizes Afghanistan's political system and history including Soviet invasion and the rise of the Taliban. The economy is centered around agriculture and illegal opium production. Education, health, and infrastructure development are ongoing challenges.
Iraq is a federal parliamentary republic located in the Middle East between Iran and Kuwait. Nouri al-Maliki has been the Prime Minister of Iraq since 2006, exercising executive power. Iraq has a multi-party system with power shared between the Prime Minister, President, and Council of Representatives. The country continues to struggle with corruption and instability following the US-led invasion that overthrew Saddam Hussein's government in 2003.
This document provides information about the Pakistan Muslim League (N) or PML(N), including:
1) PML(N) is a center-right, fiscal conservative political party in Pakistan headed by former Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif.
2) PML(N) is the only party to receive a two-thirds majority in parliament through elections, which it achieved in 1997.
3) The document lists key leaders of PML(N) and provides background on the party's history and vision. It also includes several charts showing public opinion polling on topics related to PML(N) such as its popularity and perceptions of governance in Punjab province.
The document discusses the Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan from different perspectives. It provides background on the princely state of Kashmir and how it became part of India via an Instrument of Accession signed by its ruler. India sees Kashmir as an integral part of India based on this document, while Pakistan disputes the circumstances around its signing. Both countries have fought multiple wars over the region and continue to disagree on its status and governance. The document also notes China's claims to parts of Kashmir and outlines contentious policies like Article 370 and AFSPA that have fueled local unrest. It concludes by advocating for greater UN involvement to restore peace and respect for human rights in the disputed region.
Buku ini membahas tentang definisi Al-Quran dan kelebihannya, kelebihan membaca dan menghafal Al-Quran, teknik-teknik menghafal Al-Quran, dan mekanisme mengekalkan hafalan ayat-ayat Al-Quran. Bab-bab utama meliputi definisi Al-Quran, kelebihannya, adab membaca Al-Quran, tadabbur (memahami) Al-Quran, persiapan rohani sebelum menghafal, serta penyebab lupa
1. Afghanistan has borders with Pakistan, former Soviet republics, Iran, and a short border with China. It became a unified state in the 1700s but remained poor and underdeveloped.
2. In the 20th century, Afghanistan had shifting alliances with Britain and the Soviet Union. A communist coup in 1978 installed a pro-Soviet government and led to a Soviet invasion in 1979 to support the new regime.
3. The Soviet withdrawal in 1989 was followed by a civil war and the rise of the Taliban regime in the 1990s. Al Qaeda attacks from Afghanistan in 2001 prompted a U.S.-led invasion that overthrew the Taliban.
This document provides an introduction to Afghanistan for social studies lessons on the country. It includes brief sections on Afghanistan's government (ruled by factions with the Taliban controlling most areas), religion (99% Muslim), people (diverse ethnic groups, 45 year life expectancy), languages (Dari and Pashtu most common), geography (landlocked and mountainous), economy (dependent on farming and livestock but damaged by war), history (creation in 18th century, independence from Britain in 1919, periods of monarchy and civil war), and current conditions (infrastructure damaged after decades of conflict, landmines common, Taliban destroyed Buddhist statues).
Afghanistan is a landlocked, mountainous country located in Central Asia that borders six countries. It has a population of over 31 million people, mostly concentrated in rural areas, with Islam being the dominant religion. Afghanistan has a long history of foreign invasions and internal conflicts. In recent decades it has experienced wars with the Soviet Union and Taliban rule before a U.S.-led invasion in 2001. Afghanistan today continues to face significant challenges of poverty, lack of education, poor health outcomes, and developing strong central governance as it works to rebuild after decades of war.
The document discusses U.S. foreign policy and how it is established. Foreign policy is created by the government to manage relationships with other countries and achieve national goals. The president can independently enact policy or propose legislation to Congress. Congress can influence policy through resolutions, restrictions, or denying funds. Key historical policies and organizations that shaped U.S. foreign policy include the Marshall Plan, NATO, and the United Nations. Current foreign policy aims to progress international relationships but also deals with conflicts in countries like Iran, Iraq and Israel, which can impact American public opinion.
Afghanistan has two official languages, Pashto and Dari. Over 99% of Afghans are Muslim, mostly Sunni. The climate is extreme continental with little rain. Afghanistan has a population of over 31 million, with 90% working in agriculture and a literacy rate of 36%. The culture reflects its complex history and the influence of multiple ethnic groups and empires.
this PPT will guide to learn the history of Afghanistan and so many period which had come in Afghanistan which have changed Afghanistan till this situation that now a days we can see.
So please like and comment that it will help us to provide better that this in future. thanks
Bir Kamu İnşaat Projesinde CPM Uygulamamasından Dolayı Ortaya Çıkan Problemle...Mohammad Lemar ZALMAİ
İnşaat Sektöründe CPM in iki değişik uygulama alanı vardır. Birincisi, proje öncesi faaliyetlerin süresel olarak planlama ve proje gidişatı hakkında tahmin yürütme, bunun yanında projenin geçmişine dönük bir kara kutu görevi görmektedir. Dünyadaki inşaat sektöründe sıklıkla kullanılmakta iken Türkiye’de halen yeteri kadar yaygın bir şekilde uygulanmamaktadır. Ve bu durum gerek proje esnasında veya proje bitiminde yaşanan uyuşmazlıklarda bu eksiklik kendini belli etmektedir. Bu çalışmada bir kamu binası inşaatı sürecinde CPM uygulaması ve uygulama esnasında CPM in proje gidişatına ne kattığı ve yeterli derecede kullanılmaması durumunda ne gibi problemlere yol açtığı incelenmiştir
Presentasi ini merupakan materi dari perkuliahan umum mengenai peran PBB dan UNODC di dunia dan Indonesia.
Presentasi dibawakan oleh Bapak Paku Utama, Konsultan UNODC di Auditorium Budi Luhur
The document introduces human factors and discusses the interaction between humans, tasks, equipment, and the environment. It covers the four key elements of human factors as liveware (the person), hardware (physical equipment), software (non-physical aspects like procedures), and environment. The document discusses how errors can occur at the interfaces between these elements when there is a mismatch. Specifically, it examines safety incidents from failures in liveware-liveware and liveware-hardware interactions.
The document summarizes the human rights situation in Afghanistan between 2001-2013. It outlines improvements such as the approval of a new constitution, new laws protecting human rights, and signing international conventions. However, it also notes ongoing challenges including insecurity, violence against women, and weak rule of law. Civilian casualties remain high with over 3,000 killed or injured in the first eight months of 2013 alone. The Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission was created and has helped increase public awareness, but illegal armed groups and lack of access to justice in remote areas continue to be problems.
Al-Qaeda was formed in the late 1980s in response to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. It was led by Osama bin Laden and aimed to attack US interests. After 9/11, the US invaded Afghanistan to remove al-Qaeda and the Taliban regime harboring them. While the Taliban was removed from power, al-Qaeda and insurgent groups remain active as the US struggles to establish a stable democratic government in Afghanistan amid ongoing issues like a resilient Taliban, drug trafficking, and a difficult mountainous terrain.
The document is a collection of photos showing military working dogs and their handlers serving in Afghanistan. The photos depict dogs detecting explosives, providing comfort to soldiers, conducting security patrols, and being cared for after getting injured. They illustrate the important roles that dogs have played supporting military operations in Afghanistan.
This document provides an overview of Turkey, including its geography, politics, economy, demographics, and history. Turkey is a unitary parliamentary republic located in both Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It has the 16th largest economy in the world and population of over 75 million people. Key industries include textiles, vehicles, and consumer electronics. Turkey engages in numerous peacekeeping missions abroad and hosts many refugees. Tourism is also a large industry, with attractions centered around history, culture, and outdoor activities.
The document summarizes things to see, do, eat, and experience in Sydney, Australia. Some highlights include visiting iconic landmarks like the Sydney Opera House and Harbour Bridge, exploring parks and beaches such as Bondi and Manly beaches, and sampling Australian cuisine including kangaroo meat and seafood. It also provides recommendations for hotels, transportation options, nightlife areas, and day trips outside the city like the Blue Mountains and Royal National Park.
Human rights are evolving and their interpretation continues to develop over time. While some rights are fundamental, others remain aspirational or contested. Human rights fall into three generations - civil/political, economic/social/cultural, and group rights. They have evolved through laws and conventions, and were established to ensure peace and protect individuals from states. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights outlines basic rights and freedoms and was followed by two binding covenants. However, implementation and monitoring of human rights is still a challenge, with countries and NGOs having different views of country reports. The UN and its bodies work to improve human rights protection.
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to human rights including definitions, characteristics, and classifications. It defines human rights as universal natural rights or status that people have regardless of other factors. The four main characteristics of human rights are that they are inherent, universal, indivisible, and inalienable. Human rights can be classified into civil, political, economic, social, and cultural rights. The document also discusses specific human rights such as the right to education, environment, peace, and addresses issues like violence against women and small arms proliferation.
The document defines human rights and discusses their origins and categories. It provides definitions of human rights from the United Nations and Philippine Commission on Human Rights as inherent rights necessary for human life and dignity. The document then outlines the basic characteristics of human rights as fundamental, inalienable, and universal. It proceeds to categorize human rights and provide examples, such as political rights, democratic rights, and economic/social/cultural rights. The document concludes by tracing the origins of human rights protections in the Philippines from the 1896 Malolos Constitution to provisions in modern constitutions beginning in 1935.
Implementation of Building Information Modelling in Turkish Government Sector...Mohammad Lemar ZALMAİ
In recent years, the Building Information Modelling (BIM) approach has been developed expeditiously. As people see the benefits of this new approach, it has begun to be used widely in construction projects and some countries made it mandatory to get more benefits from it.
To promote the implementation of BIM in construction projects, it’ll be helpful to get some relevant information from surveys and interviews.
The purpose of this study is to research the current adoption and implementation of BIM in public projects in Turkey. This study specified the challenges of BIM implementation in Turkey and proposed some solutions to overcome them.
In this context, the challenges for BIM implementation and the factors that affect the BIM usage are determined based on previous academic researches and expert opinions by conducting interviews and questionnaire surveys.
Several methods are used to process information in order to obtain weights of different factors to make BIM become widespread in Turkey.
This study concluded interviews' and questionnaire surveys' outcomes and proposed some suggestions to promote the implementation of BIM in Turkey. We believe research findings will be a good reference for boosting BIM implementation in Turkey.
Performance Evaluation of Construction Projects by EVM Method, Using Primaver...Mohammad Lemar ZALMAİ
Most of the construction projects are exposed to time and cost overruns due to various factors and this is a major problem. As a solution to this, the Earned Value Management (EVM) method is considered. EVM is a powerful and well-known method used in monitoring and controlling the project. EVM gives an early indication that either project is delayed or not and the project is either over budget or under budget at any particular day by tracking it. Thus, it helps to improve the management control system of a construction project, to detect and control the problems in potential risk areas and to suggest the importance and purpose of monitoring the construction work.
This paper explains the main parameters of the EVM system involved in the calculation of time and cost for construction projects. In this study, the Primavera P6 software is used to deals with the project monitoring process of a seven-storeyed (G+6) faculty building whose construction is in progress at Istanbul, Turkey. A comparison between the planned progress of construction activities and actual progress is performed and the analysis results are interpreted. This case study justifies the benefits of using EVM for project cash flow analysis and forecasting.
Determining costs of construction errors, based on fuzzy logic systems ipcmc2...Mohammad Lemar ZALMAİ
In construction projects, construction errors affect negatively to the production, that influences the overall of the project in both time and budget. Generally, construction companies could not estimate this kind of errors during the bidding process. In this case, these companies did not consider important issues on the budget of the contract, and in the contracting period, project participants assumed that the project would be executed as it scheduled and designed. During the project, different construction processes’ costs are higher than estimated values due to construction errors.
The errors that were recognized during the construction process cause time and financial losses, on the other hand, the errors that were noticed after the project’s termination cause repair and correction costs. Moreover, the company may gain a bad reputation in the sector.
The key points of this study are to analyze project costs by considering construction errors and re-construction costs due to labor errors by using fuzzy interpretation mechanism. This methodology is applied to a residential construction project. With using of this methodology, forthcoming extra costs related to construction errors can be estimated. And some precautions can be taken for further legal conflicts between parties.
Determining Costs of Construction Errors, Based on Fuzzy Logic SystemsMohammad Lemar ZALMAİ
In construction projects, construction errors affect negatively to the production, that influences the overall of the project in both time and budget. Generally, construction companies could not estimate this kind of errors during the bidding process. In this case, these companies did not consider important issues on the budget of the contract, and in the contracting period, project participants assumed that the project would be executed as it scheduled and designed. During the project, different construction processes’ costs are higher than estimated values due to construction errors.
The errors that were recognized during the construction process cause time and financial losses, on the other hand, the errors that were noticed after the project’s termination cause repair and correction costs. Moreover, the company may gain a bad reputation in the sector.
The key points of this study are to analyze project costs by considering construction errors and re-construction costs due to labor errors by using fuzzy interpretation mechanism. This methodology is applied to a residential construction project. With using of this methodology, forthcoming extra costs related to construction errors can be estimated. And some precautions can be taken for further legal conflicts between parties.
Time cost trade off optimization using harmony search and Monte-Carlo MethodMohammad Lemar ZALMAİ
This document summarizes a study that uses harmony search optimization and Monte Carlo simulation to optimize the time-cost tradeoff for construction projects with uncertain activity durations. Markov chains are used to model crew performance variability over time. The harmony search algorithm evaluates solutions by running Monte Carlo simulations to obtain probabilistic time and cost distributions, which are compared using a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to determine statistical dominance between solutions. The approach is demonstrated on a sample project network problem.
Abstract—In recent years, the Building Information Modeling
(BIM) approach has been developed expeditiously. As people see the benefits of this approach, it has begun to be used widely in construction projects and some countries made it mandatory to get more benefits from it. To promote the implementation of BIM in construction projects, it will be helpful to get some relevant information from surveys and interviews. The purpose of this study is to research the current adoption and implementation of BIM in public projects in Turkey. This study specified the challenges of BIM implementation in Turkey and proposed some solutions to overcome them. In this context, the challenges for BIM implementation and the factors that affect the BIM usage are determined based on previous academic researches and expert opinions by conducting interviews and questionnaire surveys. Several methods are used to process
information in order to obtain weights of different factors to make BIM widespread in Turkey. This study concluded interviews' and questionnaire surveys' outcomes and proposed some suggestions to promote the implementation of BIM in Turkey. We believe research findings will be a good reference for boosting BIM implementation in Turkey.
Performance Evaluation of Construction Projects by EVM Method, Using Primaver...Mohammad Lemar ZALMAİ
Abstract
Most of the construction projects are exposed to time and cost overruns due to various factors and this is a major problem. As a solution to this, the Earned Value Management (EVM) method is considered. EVM is a powerful and well-known method used in monitoring and controlling the project. EVM gives an early indication that either project is delayed or not and the project is either over budget or under budget at any particular day by tracking it. Thus, it helps to improve the management control system of a construction project, to detect and control the problems in potential risk areas and to suggest the importance and purpose of monitoring the construction work. This paper explains the main parameters of the EVM system involved in the calculation of time and cost for construction projects. In this study, the Primavera P6 software is used to deals with the
project monitoring process of a seven-storey (G+6) faculty building whose construction is in progress at Istanbul, Turkey. A comparison between the planned progress of construction activities and actual progress is performed and the analysis results are interpreted. This case study justifies the benefits of using EVM for project cash flow analysis and forecasting.
Keywords: construction cost management, construction planning, earned value management (EVM), Primavera p6, project management, project scheduling.
Bu çalışma kapsamında bir yerleşim planı verilen şehrin su ihtiyacını karşılamak için isale hattı tasarımı yapılmıştır.
Yerleşim biriminde 110 konut, 6 park, 3 alışveriş merkezi, 2 fabrika,2 tarla ve 1 okul bulunuyor.
Time-cost optimization using harmony search algorithm in construction projectsMohammad Lemar ZALMAİ
Abstract
In construction projects, the relationship between project cost and duration, which is one of the main factors of the project, are considered the parameters decision-makers. When a construction schedule is planned by the planners, additional resources are allocated to shorten the project duration considering the completion time and cost of the activities so that the most suitable construction schedule is prepared by providing a trade-off between project duration and total cost. In the case of time-cost trade-off problems, the total cost of the project is determined by summing each activities’ cost by adding indirect costs. Moreover, total project duration is determined by obtaining total project duration after CPM (Critical Path Method) calculations. Obtaining optimum duration and costs is such a problematic issue with using conventional methods and common software packages. These techniques consider deterministic project values and include CPM calculations for fitness value calculation. Moreover, current studies defined alternatives as non-variable discrete values. However, construction projects are dynamic processes, and quantities are prone to be changed related to project size. In this study, time-cost trade-off optimization is performed by using harmony search method with introducing different implementation that can be more easily used for different projects. The model is implemented in a real construction project, and the conclusions are interpreted.
Bir Kamu İnşaat Projesinde CPM Uygulamamasından Dolayı Ortaya Çıkan Problemle...Mohammad Lemar ZALMAİ
İnşaat Sektöründe CPM in iki değişik uygulama alanı vardır. Birincisi, proje öncesi faaliyetlerin süresel olarak planlama ve proje gidişatı hakkında tahmin yürütme, bunun yanında projenin geçmişine dönük bir kara kutu görevi görmektedir. Dünyadaki inşaat sektöründe sıklıkla kullanılmakta iken Türkiye’de halen yeteri kadar yaygın bir şekilde uygulanmamaktadır. Ve bu durum gerek proje esnasında veya proje bitiminde yaşanan uyuşmazlıklarda bu eksiklik kendini belli etmektedir. Bu çalışmada bir kamu binası inşaatı sürecinde CPM uygulaması ve uygulama esnasında CPM in proje gidişatına ne kattığı ve yeterli derecede kullanılmaması durumunda ne gibi problemlere yol açtığı incelenmiştir
Time Cost Trade off Optimization Using Harmony Search and Monte-Carlo Method Mohammad Lemar ZALMAİ
Project cost and project duration are main factors in construction management. In real-life projects, both the trade-off between the project cost and the Project completion time, and the uncertainty of the environment are considerable aspects for decision-makers. Moreover, in some projects, activity durations show their complexity with time-dependence as well as randomness. Time cost trade off problem have been solved by using vast of methods such as genetic algorithms, particle swarm optimization. Most of these studies considered deterministic project values and includes CPM calculations for fitness value calculation. However most of construction projects are stochastic processes. In this paper, a stochastic time–cost trade-off problem is introduced. This study takes into account that activity duration and cost are uncertain variables. this study differs from other studies that for each fitness value calculation. The proposed model is dealt with an intelligent algorithm combining stochastic simulation and Harmony search, where stochastic simulation technique is employed to estimate random functions and Harmony search is designed to search optimal schedules under different decision-making criteria. Beside this Monte Carlo simulation is made for fitness value calculation in order to make more realistic optimization. Finally, some numerical experiments are given to illustrate the algorithm effectiveness.
2. Sunan: Mohammad Lemar ZALMAİ
Afganistan’ın Bayrağı, coğrafik özellikleri
Tarihi ve Yönetim şekli
Önemli bilim ve siyasi şahsiyetleri ve ünlüler
Kültür
Afganistan ile Türkiye ilişkileri
2
İÇİNDEKİLER
4. Sunan: Mohammad Lemar ZALMAİ
Asyanın güney ülkesi
İpek yolu
4
Asyanın Kalbi AFGANİSTAN
5. Sunan: Mohammad Lemar ZALMAİ
Yüzölçümü: 650000 km²
Başkenti: Kabil
Komşu Ülkeler: Toplam sınır uzunluğu=5529km
Pakistan (2000 km)
İran (936 km)
Tacikistan( 1206 km),Uzbekistan(137km),
Türkmenistan(744km)
Çin (76km)
5
Asyanın Kalbi AFGANİSTAN
8. Resmi diller: Peştuca, Derice (Farsça)
Nüfus: 3500000 (35 Milyon)
%80 suni, %19 şii ve %1 diğer din mensupları
Ana Etnik Grupları: Paştun, Tajik, Hazara, Uzbek
8
Etnik özellikleri
Paştunlar, Tajiklar, Uzbekler, Türkmenler,
Aimaklar ve Kırgızların çoğulukla suni
müslümanlardır. Hazaralar çoğunlukla şii
müslümanlardır, nüfusun %1 ini teşkil
eden Sekler ise Budisttirler.
Hepimiz bir AFGAN’ız
10. Kara bir ülkedir, herhangi bir kıyısı yok.
en yakın deniz 480 km güneydeki Umman Denizi’dir.
İklim olarak Afganistanda iki bölge var, bu iki bölge HİNDUKUŞ dağlarla
ayrılıyor , güney ve küzey. Küzey bölge genelde çok soğuk ve çok kar yağar
ama güneyde hava genel itibarıyla sıcak oluyor..
Dağlık bir ülkedir.
Harirod, Hilmend, Amo ve Kabil nehiri
10
AFGANİSTAN’nın Coğrafik özellikleri
19. Afganistan’ın yaklaşık 5000 yılık tarihi var.
ARYANA, Başkenti ise BALH (BAHDİ)
Halk tarafından seçilmiş olan ilk padişahın YAMA
HURASAN, Bu devir yaklaşık 1600 yıl sürdü, İslam dini de bu devirde
Afganistan’a geldi. Retbilşahiler Hahamanşi’ler, Gaznevi’ler, Samani’ler,
Gori’ler ve Hoteki’ler kendi zamanlarında büyük imparatorluklar kurmuşlar.
Afganistan
19
TARİH
39. 39
BAGRAM HEKELİGUR’DA BİR TÜRBE 11. YÜZYIL11. YÜZYILDAN KALMIŞ BİR MİNARMİNAR-İ-CAM GOR
12. YÜZYILDA GORİLER TARAFINDAN YAPILMIŞ.
YÜKSEKLİĞİ 65 METREDIR.
ÇİLZİNE (40 MERDEVAN) 16 YÜZYILDA HÜMAYUN
TARAFINDAN YAPTIRILMIŞ.
40. 40
AHMED ŞAH BABA’IN TÜRBESİ-KandaharHz. MUHAMMED (s)’IN HIRKASI İÇİN 18. YÜZYILDA
AHMAD ŞAH BABA TARAFINDAN YAPTIRLIMIŞ BİNA
KANDAHAR KAPALI ÇARŞI 18. YÜZYILDA
YAPILMIŞ
42. İslam dünyasının son ve büyük imparaturluğu (Abdaliler
imparaturluğu) AHMAD ŞAH BABA tarafından kurulmuştu.
1750 yılında HURASAN adı da AHMAD ŞAH BABA tarafından
AFGANİSTAN’a değiştirildi ve bugüne kadar aynı ad kullanılıyor.
42
Ahmad Shah Baba
52. 52
AMANULLAH HAN TARAFINDAN YAPILMIŞ
EĞİTİM ANITI
AFGAN KIRALI AMANULLAH HAN TARAFINDAN
YAPTIRILMIŞ SARAY ( DARULAMN )
AFGANİSTAN’IN SON KIRALI ZAHİR ŞAH
53. 53
AMANULLAH HAN TARAFINDAN YAPILMIŞ
EĞİTİM ANITI
AFGAN KIRALI AMANULLAH HAN TARAFINDAN
YAPTIRILMIŞ SARAY ( DARULAMN )
İLK AFGAN CEMHURBAŞKINI SERDAR
DAVUD HAN
54. 54
AMANULLAH HAN TARAFINDAN YAPILMIŞ
EĞİTİM ANITI
AFGAN KIRALI AMANULLAH HAN TARAFINDAN
YAPTIRILMIŞ SARAY ( DARULAMN )
Şehid Dawood KHAN ailesi
55.
56. 56
AFGAN KIRALI AMANULLAH HAN TARAFINDAN
YAPTIRILMIŞ SARAY ( DARULAMN )
NUR MUHAMMAD TARAKİ HAFİZULLAH AMİN BEBREK KARMAL
Şahid Dr. NACİBULLAH
Kendisi ve kardeşi Taliban tarafından şehid edildi
61. 1979-1989 yıllar arasında afgan halkı cesurce Ruslara karşı kendi ülkesini ve
özgürlüğünü koruyarak savaştılar. Ruslar çıktıktan sonra afgan ordusu
dağıldı ve iç savaş başladı ve yaklaşık 13 sene sürdü.
Afganistan Cihadı
64. Afganistanın şuanki durumu
Şimdilik afganistan 200000 askerlik bir orduya sahip ve son 10 yıl
içerisinde çok büyük başarılara imza etmiştir ve hızla gelişmektedir. Afgan
halkı çağdaş bir ülkeye sahip olmak için gece gündüz çabşalıyorlar.
720 Türk askerleri NATO kapsamında Afgan askerleri eğitmek amacıyla Kabildedir
97. Afganistan’de Yeraltı Kaynakları
Afganistan, zengin doğal kaynaklar rezervlerine sahip bir ülkedir. Ülkede
büyük petrol ve doğalgaz rezervleri mevcuttur, ayrıca enerji ve sulama
ihtiyacını karşılayacak çok zengin hidroelektrik potansiyeli bulunmaktadır.
Kömür, bakır, krom, talk, bariton, sülfür, kurşun, çinko, demir cevheri, tuz,
değerli ve yarı değerli taşlar diğer doğal kaynaklarıdır.
Ana İhracat Kalemleri: meyve, fındık, el halısı, yün, pamuk, deri, kıymetli ve
yarı kıymetli taşlar.
101. TÜRK MÜTEAHHİTLİK SEKTÖRÜNÜN AFGANİSTANDAKİ DURUMU
Başbakanlık Dış Ticaret Müsteşarlığı (DTM) nın verilerine göre Türk inşaat sanayicileri
2000’den bugüne kadar (2013yılına kadar ) toplam 3,4 milyar dolarlık proje üstlenmişlerdir.
Önemli Firmalar:
Aysel İnşaat
Çukurova İnşaat
Entes İnşaat
Enka inşaat
Gülsan İnşaat
Kolin İnşaat
Limak İnşaat
Makimsan İnşaat
Mensel JV İnşaat
Metag İnşaat
Metiş İnşaat
Tepe İnşaat
Yüksel inşaat
Yenigün İnşaat
Zafer İnşaat
102. Yemeklerde en çok kulanılan melzemelerden biri et değeri ise
pirinç.
Hamurdan yapılan yemeklerden ilk sırada Mantı ve Aşak gelir.
Tatlılardan baklava, sütlac ve celebi çok meşhur.
Siyah ve yeşil çay Afganistan’da çok içiliyor aynı zamanda süt
içmek de yaygın.
102
YEMEKLER
109. Afgan Giysileri
Afgan halkı genelde Afgan milli elbiseleri giyerler.
Giyisiler kuzey ve güney afganistan’da aynı sadece süs eşyalara göre değişiyor.
126. KAYNAKÇA
AFGANİSTAN’ın milli sporu
TMB-Türkiye Müteahhitler Birliği
TC Başbakanlık Dış Ticaret Müsteşarlığı (DTM) nın resmi sitesinden
http://www.ariaye.com/dari/qanoonasasi/eskandari2.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan
http://www.afghan-german.de/pd/Maqalat_Tahlilha/Tahlilha/MatalebFarhangi.asp