The document summarizes key aspects of assembly language. It discusses how assembly language helps programmers understand how programming languages are converted to machine code. It also notes that assembly language consists of mnemonic instructions and allows programmers to have full control over system resources and performance. Finally, it provides an overview of the assembly process, linking, loading and the differences between linking and loading.

1. The Assembly Language
(AECS_132) Presentation By:
Jeche Onekai – R213492P
Danda Effort – R2118963M
Munyuki Joyce – R2118964P
Nyamavhuvhu –R2119046X
Charamba Prosper - R2012675R

2. Assembly language
 It is low level programming language
 Helps in understanding the programming language to machine code.
 An assembler that helps in converting the assembling code into machine code
executable.
 Designed to understand the instruction and provide it to machine language for
further processing.
 Mainly consists of mnemonic processor instructions or data statements or
instructions.

3. Assembly language - Importance
 helps programmer’s to write readable code that is almost similar to
machine language.
 helps in providing full control of what task a computer is performing.
 important to programmers, helps in taking complete control over the
system and its resources.
 By learning assembly language, the programmer can write the code to
access registers and retrieve the memory, address of pointers and values.
 Mainly helps in speed optimization that increases efficiency and
performance.

4. Assembly language

5. The Assembly Process
 The assembly process is the variation of synthetic production in which
materials or parts are combined without substantial changes.
 A way of manufacturing a product where parts or material are added in a
sequence by various workers.
 For instance, A can put an engine in the car. Then, B sends it to C for applying
the wheels.
 Every worker has her/his post.
 The process makes it possible for the workers to put together more good at a
time.
 The assembly process is an arrangement of machines, equipment and
workers where the product to be assembled passes sequentially from one
operation to another until complete.

6. The Assembly Process

7. Loading and linking
 Linking is the process of integrating the various modules referenced by a program
into a single executable unit.
 The linker is provided with several object files that form a single program.
 These object files typically specify the location of data and instruction using
addresses that are relative to the beginning of each file called relative addresses
 Load refers to the beginning or executing a program by moving the necessary
information from drive into computer memory.
 Depending on the information being loaded, the speed of the hardware and how
other program are being loaded, the speed of the hardware and how other
programs are running determines the load time.
 If a program or command shows a load average or progress indicator, it’s an
average of how long it takes to load or execute.

8. Linking and Loading
Object
module
Linker
Load
module
Load
main
memory
Other
object
module

9. Linking vs Loading
 The key difference between linking and loading is that the
linking generates the executable file of a program whereas, the
loading loads the executable file obtained from the linking into
main memory for execution.
 The linking intakes the object module of a program generated
by the assembler. However, the loading intakes the executable
module generated by the linking.
 The linking combines all object modules of a program to
generate executable modules it also links the library function in
the object module to built-in libraries of the high-level
programming language. On the other hand, loading allocates
space to an executable module in main memory.