Higher education is universally applauded as a means to empower young people with skills, knowledge, experiences and significant relationships which can enable them to play their roles successfully as leaders of tomorrow. Psychologically, one group of persons who are overwhelmingly concerned in the quest for further knowledge are emerging adults. Emerging adulthood is now a globally recognised period of human development as transition to adulthood is delayed based on issues such as young people getting married late, continuous efforts to acquire higher credentials so as to be better equipped for the labour market. As they transition from home to the university and to the world of work more so in the third decade of life, many challenges often stand on their way with the capacity of preventing them from progressing successfully and transitioning productively into adulthood. Notably academic palavers, financial hurdles, sudden independence and freedom from parental control, identity issues as well as socio political tensions commonly seen in developing societies like Cameroon abound. The foregoing constitutes a barrier that makes university studies unbearable to some emerging adults in universities. Developmental literature on this phase of life equally depicts a hopeless situation for young adults. Also, media reports, observations and stories or experiences from some parents and families as well as the society at large reveals increase fears and anxiety on the state and future of university students as leaders of tomorrow. With these, the prospects for positive development in later life stages like adulthood are slim with huge possibilities of floundering and discontinuity for some of them. This paper highlights some of the key issues that university students in Cameroon battle with as well as the environmental socio political trivialities that worsen the scenario. Delbert Akom Afumbom "Adversities that Disrupt Positive Development among Emerging Adult Students in Universities in Cameroon A conceptual review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29545.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/psychology/29545/adversities-that-disrupt-positive-development-among-emerging-adult-students-in-universities-in-cameroon-a-conceptual-review/delbert-akom-afumbom
Writekraft Research and Publications LLP was initially formed, informally, in 2006 by a group of scholars to help fellow students. Gradually, with several dissertations, thesis and assignments receiving acclaim and a good grade, Writekraft was officially founded in 2011 . Since its establishment, Writekraft Research & Publications LLP is Guiding and Mentoring PhD Scholars.
Our Mission
“To provide breakthrough research works to our clients through Perseverant efforts towards creativity and innovation”.
Vision
Writekraft endeavours to be the leading global research and publications company that will fulfil all research needs of our clients. We will achieve this vision through:
Analyzing every customer’s aims, objectives and purpose of research
Using advanced and latest tools and technique of research and analysis
Coordinating and including their own ideas and knowledge
Providing the desired inferences and results of the research
In the past decade, we have successfully assisted students from various universities in India and globally. We at Writekraft Research & Publications LLP head office in Kanpur, India are most trusted and professional Research, Writing, Guidance and Publication Service Provider for PhD. Our services meet all your PhD Admissions, Thesis Preparation and Research Paper Publication needs with highest regards for the quality you prefer.
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NATIONAL AWARD FOR BEST RESEARCH PROJECT (By Hon. President APJ Abdul Kalam)
GOLD MEDAL FOR RESEARCH ON DISABILITY (By Disabled’s Club of India)
NOMINATED FOR BEST MSME AWARDS 2017
5 STAR RATING ON GOOGLE
We have PhD experts from reputed institutions/ organizations like Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Indian Institute of Management (IIM) and many more apex education institutions in India. Our works are tailored and drafted as per your requirements and are totally unique.
From past years our core advisory members, research team assisted research scholars from various universities from all corners of world.
Writekraft Research and Publications LLP was initially formed, informally, in 2006 by a group of scholars to help fellow students. Gradually, with several dissertations, thesis and assignments receiving acclaim and a good grade, Writekraft was officially founded in 2011 . Since its establishment, Writekraft Research & Publications LLP is Guiding and Mentoring PhD Scholars.
Our Mission
“To provide breakthrough research works to our clients through Perseverant efforts towards creativity and innovation”.
Vision
Writekraft endeavours to be the leading global research and publications company that will fulfil all research needs of our clients. We will achieve this vision through:
Analyzing every customer’s aims, objectives and purpose of research
Using advanced and latest tools and technique of research and analysis
Coordinating and including their own ideas and knowledge
Providing the desired inferences and results of the research
In the past decade, we have successfully assisted students from various universities in India and globally. We at Writekraft Research & Publications LLP head office in Kanpur, India are most trusted and professional Research, Writing, Guidance and Publication Service Provider for PhD. Our services meet all your PhD Admissions, Thesis Preparation and Research Paper Publication needs with highest regards for the quality you prefer.
Our Achievements
NATIONAL AWARD FOR BEST RESEARCH PROJECT (By Hon. President APJ Abdul Kalam)
GOLD MEDAL FOR RESEARCH ON DISABILITY (By Disabled’s Club of India)
NOMINATED FOR BEST MSME AWARDS 2017
5 STAR RATING ON GOOGLE
We have PhD experts from reputed institutions/ organizations like Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Indian Institute of Management (IIM) and many more apex education institutions in India. Our works are tailored and drafted as per your requirements and are totally unique.
From past years our core advisory members, research team assisted research scholars from various universities from all corners of world.
This paper will introduce
connected learning, a promising approach that
uses digital media to engage young people’s
interests and instill deeper learning skills.
Access Under Siege: Are the Gains of Open Education Keeping Pace with the Gro...Don Olcott
Are the proliferating costs of HE out-distancing the benefits of growth of open and distance learning? The author concludes that access, indeed, is under siege by the gradual exclusion of qualified students from mainstream HE. Can ODL keep pace?
Industrial Analysis for the LA Unified School District, Norwood Elementary Health Fair. The proposal provides a design for the layout of this health fair measuring the playground area and surrounding buildings so that we could create a base map to scale. This was used in conjunction with the list of expected exhibitors to attend the fair. Using this information, we decided where and how to place them. These choices take into consideration such factors as traffic flow, ease of setup, proximity of similar exhibitors, visual appeal, privacy for certain services, and adaptability issues.
A presentation by Dr Nicola Jones, Expert Workshop organised by UNU-Merit.
https://www.gage.odi.org/event/social-protection-in-the-context-of-forced-displacement-programming-promoting-young-peoples-resilience-in-general-and-during-covid-19/?fbclid=IwAR1krlZWPD992qz1brdyKOK0-CskvbYxXaYdbAF5dG805xdw077RI6BYKuI
Stereotype Parental Factors and Girl Child’s Participation in Post Primary Ed...ijtsrd
There is compelling evidence that parental factors significantly impact girls’ attendance in post primary education. The purpose of the present study was to identify the parental factors that affect girls’ attendance in post primary education in Boyo division and to explore the relationship between our study variables. The study reviewed literature based on four specific objectives parents’ attitudes towards girl child education, parents’ level of education as well as socio cultural and socio economic factors on girls’ attendance in post primary education. The ecological systems, needs of the hierarchy and gender relation theories were used not only to substantially explain the position of parental participation in girls’ education but also to generate strategies to promote parents’ participation in their girl children’s education. This qualitative study sought to explore secondary sources of data and to establish how parents in Boyo division were involved in their girl children’s education. The descriptive survey design was adopted for this study. Semi structured interviews for parents and the open ended questionnaire for girls were used in this qualitative study covering four 4 post primary schools. Respondents were selected through the use of chain reference sampling and sampling by case. A total of three hundred and thirty eight 338 participants were selected. The sample consisted of 50 parents and 338 girls who attended both the public and private secondary schools in Boyo division. Data were gathered from the participants via valid and reliable questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the background information of the participants. The Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Coefficient was employed to explore whether there was a significant relationship between parental factors and girls’ attendance in post primary education. The results revealed that parental factors affect girls’ attendance in post primary education. Based on the discussions, conclusion is drawn and suggestions made on ways of bringing education to the doorstep of the girl child in Cameroon. Girls’ attendance in education is influenced by parental factors. Parents actually indicated and revealed that parents’ related factors hindered girls’ attendance. It was recommended that parents should be willing to learn about how they could overcome the barriers in the participation of their girl children’s education. Girls should be given equal access as boys to education there should be a legal support for girl child education and government should empower parents to understand the importance of educating the girl child. Song Gerald Achou "Stereotype Parental Factors and Girl-Child’s Participation in Post-Primary Education: The Case of Selected Secondary Schools in Boyo Division, North-West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-7 , December 2022, URL: https
Personal Learning Environments for Overcoming Knowledge Boundaries between Ac...eLearning Papers
Elvis Mazzoni, Pietro Gaffuri
In this paper we suggest a possible answer to the question on why Social Network Systems (SNSs) are important for bridging social capital and for knowledge construction during emerging adulthood.
This paper will introduce
connected learning, a promising approach that
uses digital media to engage young people’s
interests and instill deeper learning skills.
Access Under Siege: Are the Gains of Open Education Keeping Pace with the Gro...Don Olcott
Are the proliferating costs of HE out-distancing the benefits of growth of open and distance learning? The author concludes that access, indeed, is under siege by the gradual exclusion of qualified students from mainstream HE. Can ODL keep pace?
Industrial Analysis for the LA Unified School District, Norwood Elementary Health Fair. The proposal provides a design for the layout of this health fair measuring the playground area and surrounding buildings so that we could create a base map to scale. This was used in conjunction with the list of expected exhibitors to attend the fair. Using this information, we decided where and how to place them. These choices take into consideration such factors as traffic flow, ease of setup, proximity of similar exhibitors, visual appeal, privacy for certain services, and adaptability issues.
A presentation by Dr Nicola Jones, Expert Workshop organised by UNU-Merit.
https://www.gage.odi.org/event/social-protection-in-the-context-of-forced-displacement-programming-promoting-young-peoples-resilience-in-general-and-during-covid-19/?fbclid=IwAR1krlZWPD992qz1brdyKOK0-CskvbYxXaYdbAF5dG805xdw077RI6BYKuI
Stereotype Parental Factors and Girl Child’s Participation in Post Primary Ed...ijtsrd
There is compelling evidence that parental factors significantly impact girls’ attendance in post primary education. The purpose of the present study was to identify the parental factors that affect girls’ attendance in post primary education in Boyo division and to explore the relationship between our study variables. The study reviewed literature based on four specific objectives parents’ attitudes towards girl child education, parents’ level of education as well as socio cultural and socio economic factors on girls’ attendance in post primary education. The ecological systems, needs of the hierarchy and gender relation theories were used not only to substantially explain the position of parental participation in girls’ education but also to generate strategies to promote parents’ participation in their girl children’s education. This qualitative study sought to explore secondary sources of data and to establish how parents in Boyo division were involved in their girl children’s education. The descriptive survey design was adopted for this study. Semi structured interviews for parents and the open ended questionnaire for girls were used in this qualitative study covering four 4 post primary schools. Respondents were selected through the use of chain reference sampling and sampling by case. A total of three hundred and thirty eight 338 participants were selected. The sample consisted of 50 parents and 338 girls who attended both the public and private secondary schools in Boyo division. Data were gathered from the participants via valid and reliable questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the background information of the participants. The Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Coefficient was employed to explore whether there was a significant relationship between parental factors and girls’ attendance in post primary education. The results revealed that parental factors affect girls’ attendance in post primary education. Based on the discussions, conclusion is drawn and suggestions made on ways of bringing education to the doorstep of the girl child in Cameroon. Girls’ attendance in education is influenced by parental factors. Parents actually indicated and revealed that parents’ related factors hindered girls’ attendance. It was recommended that parents should be willing to learn about how they could overcome the barriers in the participation of their girl children’s education. Girls should be given equal access as boys to education there should be a legal support for girl child education and government should empower parents to understand the importance of educating the girl child. Song Gerald Achou "Stereotype Parental Factors and Girl-Child’s Participation in Post-Primary Education: The Case of Selected Secondary Schools in Boyo Division, North-West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-7 , December 2022, URL: https
Personal Learning Environments for Overcoming Knowledge Boundaries between Ac...eLearning Papers
Elvis Mazzoni, Pietro Gaffuri
In this paper we suggest a possible answer to the question on why Social Network Systems (SNSs) are important for bridging social capital and for knowledge construction during emerging adulthood.
Overt Victimization and the Psychosocial Maladjustment of Adolescents in Seco...ijtsrd
Overt victimization and maladjustment is a drawback that is affecting most adolescents in Secondary schools in Cameroon for the past years which has been grossly neglected in Sub Sahara Africa. This study was on how overt victimization leads to psychosocial maladjustments among adolescents in secondary schools in Cameroon North West, South West, Central, and Adamawa . The research method adopted for this study was mixed method with a concurrent nested design. The sample was made up of 594 students from twelve schools, 24 administrators from these schools and twelve focus groups from twelve schools. The instruments used in collecting data were a questionnaire and focus group discussion with students, and an interview for school administrators. Data obtained were analyzed descriptively and inferentially using cross tabulations, frequencies, percentages and multiple response sets. Findings showed that overt victimization significantly predicts psychosocial maladjustment of adolescents in secondary schools P 0.001 . The positive sign of the correlation value R= 0.347 implied that adolescents are more likely to suffer from psychosocial maladjustments when there is constant or persistent occurrence of overt victimization in the school environment. It was concluded that overt victimization leads to psychosocial maladjustments among adolescents in secondary schools in Cameroon. Based on the findings, it was recommended that curbing overt victimisation and fostering adolescents adjustment in school is a joint effort by parents, teachers, school Chaplin’s, administrators, discipline masters| mistresses and school counsellors through advocacy and organizing seminars which create awareness on deteriorating effects of over victimization. Shien Vera | Joseph Lah Lo-oh | Nkemanjen Donatus Achankeng "Overt Victimization and the Psychosocial Maladjustment of Adolescents in Secondary Schools, Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50380.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/50380/overt-victimization-and-the-psychosocial-maladjustment-of-adolescents-in-secondary-schools-cameroon/shien-vera
Involvement in Distractive Activities and Academic Performance of Students in...ijtsrd
This study aimed at determining the level of students' involvement in distractive activities and the academic performance of Catarman National High School CNHS students in the Municipality of Catarman, Northern Samar. It looked into the level of involvement in distractive activities of CNHS students in terms of school gangs, vices and internet gaming evaluate the level of academic performance of the students who are involved in distractive activities and determine if there is a significant relationship between the students' level of involvement in distractive activities and their academic performance. The study consisted of 250 students from all year levels selected through stratified random sampling. This study employed descriptive correlational research design. A questionnaire checklist was the main instrument in gathering the data. The data were treated statistically using frequency counts, weighted means, and percentages. To determine the significant relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variables the chi square test was used. As to the salient findings of the study, the results showed that a majority of the students were not involved in the distractive activities. The findings revealed that the high school students' level of involvement in distractive activities such as school gangs and vices were found to be significantly but indirectly related to the academic performance of the students. Perfecto L. Anquilo II "Involvement in Distractive Activities and Academic Performance of Students in Catarman National High School" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29326.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/29326/involvement-in-distractive-activities-and-academic-performance-of-students-in-catarman-national-high-school/perfecto-l-anquilo-ii
ENC 1102 THIS PAPER SPELLED OUT THE POSITION / TUTORIALOUTLET DOT COMalbert0055
ENC 1102 Author Note
This paper was prepared for English Composition 1, taught by Professor Heredia.
Are the High Prices of Attending to College in The United States Worth It? PAYING FOR COLLEGE 2
Abstract This paper spelled out the position of the millions of students that nowadays are struggling
because of the higher prices of attending to college in United Stated.
It is widely known that education for all ought to be equal to all, regardless of race, ethnicity, gender and hierarchy. Although equality in education is the primary purpose of our government, however, there are some instances that inequality in education exists due to some factors. This research identifies the factors that lead to inequality in education. Based on our findings factors such as individual characteristics attitudes and beliefs, psychological traits, parental socio economic status , individual educational success attainment, field of study , population groups men and women and ethnic groups , educational inequality gender pay gap, horizontal, occupational and segregation contributes to the overall dilemma. Moreover, our findings also show that micro and social contributes to the gaps of inequality of education, thus, social interactions and social structures affects the micro conditions and outcome. This implied that educational inequality is caused by different factors and constructs that undermined the policy of an educational system and this lead to inequality of education. Lucelle B. Collamat | Maureen S. Salagada | Emerson A. Sentos | Clarissa S. Tabar | Regina P. Galigao "Inequality in Education: A Literature Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33639.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/33639/inequality-in-education-a-literature-review/lucelle-b-collamat
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD29545 | Volume – 4 | Issue – 1 | November-December 2019 Page 390
these are identity issues as Arnett (2004) posited that this
phase of life constitutes a fraught passage marred by
complicated and difficult identity issues which make
floundering inevitable for them.
The Concept of Emerging Adulthood
Individuals between 18 and 25 years of age are increasingly
considered to be in a developmental stage called emerging
adulthood (Arnett, 2000). It is a period when individualsare
not adolescents but are not yet fully adults. The adjustment
from adolescence to young adulthood frequently referred to
as the period of emerging adulthood (Arnett, 2013) and the
transition itself as “youth transitions” (Cieslik and Simpson,
2013). Emerging adulthood is a time to explore careers,self-
identity, and commitments. As they experiment, emerging
adults often get their first taste of real independent
achievement and of disappointment. (Arnett, 2004;
Furstenberg, Rumbaut, & Settersten, 2005).
Emerging Adults in University Contexts
There is an increase in numbers of emergingadultspursuing
post-secondary education (Arnett, 2004), in Cameroon the
university population has increased tremendously
registering more than 200,000 students thus forcing
university neighbourhoods to become congested (Lo-oh &
Afumbom, 2017). As such understanding factors that
influence wellbeing specifically in university students is an
important goal. For example, with this transitioncomeshifts
in vocational expectations, social relationships,andfinancial
constraints, causing students to report high levels of stress
(Aquilino, 2006; Arnett, 2004;Monk,2004).Manyuniversity
students report that their academic demands are very
difficult to handle with high levels of anxiety and depression
(Ibrahim, Kelly, Adams, & Glazebrook, 2013).
In Cameroon observations reveal that the troubles that
confront young people are numerous. Like elsewhere in the
world, the quest for youth empowermentthroughuniversity
education has led to an unprecedentedincreaseinuniversity
student enrolment. The rate of mobility fromhometoschool
has sparked a migration ascension which has in turn
transformed university neighbourhoodsintooverpopulated
zones. As observed, there seems to be a change in status
from dependent lads under home care to independent big
boys and girls with benefitssuchasfreedomandindividually
controlled shelter and accommodation in hostels and
bungalows.
Transition from home to university introduces more
opportunities for friendships, peer relationships, learning
new behaviours and life styles as well as novel experiences
around the new environment commonly shared by other
youths (Lo-oh & Afumbom, 2017). The situation in most
cases is often worsened by the absence of parental control
which has provoked the occurrence of more anti-social
behaviours. This reflects Carstens (2013) who posited that
there is a widespread belief that antisocial behaviouramong
young people particularly university students has reacheda
historically unprecedented height.
Evidence based observations reveal increase in fears by
parents, staff, clergy, civil society, students themselves and
local administrators'whohavejointlyengagedincontinuous
efforts to curb the spread of such immoral acts Lo-oh &
Afumbom (2017) in order to sanitize the university
neighbourhoods in Cameroon so as to accord it the moral
and academic status it deserves.
However, young people seem to be carried away by the
presence of bars, night clubs, drinking spots, gambling
outlets and youth funded nocturnal parties and social
gatherings which spice the vicinity of student hostels with
melodious rhythms as well ashalfnakeddressingfromlatest
musical genres from the west. This is in line with Foxcroft,
Ireland, Lister-Sharp, Lowe, & Breen (2003) who indicated
that there is hazardous alcohol consumption among young
people, especially students (Pasch, Perry, Stigler, & Komro,
2009).
Additionally, scholars have argued that not only do students
drink more alcohol than non-student populations (Kypri,
Langley, & Stephenson, 2005), but that they also use other
drugs and this leads to many problems and disruptive
behaviours amongst thisgroup.Forexample,Dawson,Grant,
Stinson, & Chou (2004) revealedthatstudentsdrankheavier
than their non-students counterparts while Caldeira, Arria,
O’Grady, Vincent,& Wish(2008)reportedotherdrug-related
disorders among this group which have been considered in
this paper as acts of indiscipline such as forceful sexual
behaviour, violent fights, and misappropriation of pocket
money as well as school fees among others.
Ruberu (2003) earlier acknowledged that morality in
universities had deteriorated to such an extent that it tends
to become the accepted norm. This partially explains
Giroux’s (1997) claim that youth are no longer at-risk, but
are actually the risk. From a psychological point of view as
propounded by Giroux (1997), the contemporary
neighbourhood settings and environment wheremostyouth
group together is certainly not the right environment where
they can be groomed to and nurtured to maturity
intellectually and academically. Concerned about the
situation, Lo-oh & Afumbom (2017) argued that the
foregoing practices are negative, begging for concerns of
worry by the broader society.
Emerging adulthood in African contexts
Nsamenang (2002) argued that the African world view
conceives of youth as growing out of childhood and poised
for an adulthood that lies in the future. In his theorizations
on social ontogeny he described young people as a "way
station" between social apprenticeship in childhood andfull
social integration into the thirddecadeoflife, beginningwith
social entre a brief transitional period that marks the
beginning of adulthood (Nsamenang, 2002; Serpell, 1994).
Some scholars argue that the delay in the adoption of adult
roles means thatadolescenceisbeing extended(Nsamenang,
2002) with corresponding postponement of important life-
course events. In the Africa sub region in general and
Cameroon in particular, the transition to adulthood is an
arduous task characterized by several challenges (Lo-oh,
2009). Social and economic inequalities in the African
continent continue to mark the challenges of Africa’s youth
life courses (Lo-oh, 2016). Notably, in Cameroon,healthcare
services, economic resources, and social services are
unevenly distributed. As a result majority of Cameroonian
youth are left languishing in abject poverty, unemployment,
under scholarization, and a difficult labour market economy
(Lo-oh, 2017).
3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD29545 | Volume – 4 | Issue – 1 | November-December 2019 Page 391
Also, children are born before marriage; education and
employment alternate; and jobs paying enough to support a
family increasingly require more formal education. As a
result young people today remain inschool longertoacquire
the credentials they will need to support a family. Again,
child bearing in contemporary Cameroon before marriageis
common and schooling after unskilled labour or work is
equally normal. Lo-oh and Monju (2018) foundthatchildren
work and school at the same time as way to empower
themselves economically thus they gain life skills that
support them in later stages of life. Issues of this nature
shape the way youths describe the transition fromemerging
adulthood to adulthood in Cameroon (Lo-oh, 2016)
The Concept of Adversity
Adversity refers to negative contexts and experiences that
have the potential to disrupt or challenge adaptive
functioning anddevelopment(Obradovi´c,Shaffer,&Masten,
2012). The concept of adversity has been defined as the
experience of hardship or suffering associated with trauma,
distress, difficulty or a tragic event (Luthar, Cicchetti, &
Becker, 2000; Luthar & Cicchetti, 2000; Rutter, 1993).
Adversities may be chronic (poverty, racism) or acute
(sudden loss of a loved one, victim of an armed robbery).
They may affect systems within the individual (a virus that
attacks the immune system) or multiple levels and settings
simultaneously (a natural disaster that affects individual
systems of stress, beliefs, and behaviours, as well as broader
systems of family,school,healthcare,agriculture).According
to Goldstein and Brooks (2013) adversities are also
disturbances to the function or viability of a system;
experiences that threaten adaptation or development
Poverty;homelessness;childmaltreatment;political conflict;
disaster.
Adversity and emerging adult students
Transition to university isa difficultstagewhichmanyyoung
adults face. Transitions are a source of stress where
emerging adults leave their family networks behind as they
enter into unfamiliar territories (Latham & Green, 1997).
Academic pressures university students face often lead to
increased mental illness as opposed to that of the general
population (Macaskill, 2013). Added to academic pressures,
university students experience novel stressors such as
financial burdens, new living arrangements, new social
networks, new family and social roles (Tavolacci, 2011,
Pidjeon and Pickett, 2017).
Similarly, university students have been identified as being
at a potentially elevated risk of distress andmental ill health,
due to the increased demands of the academic environment
combined with personal factors, along with the need for
adjustment to the challenges of tertiary study (Cvetkovski,
Reavley & Jorm, 2012).University populationsare estimated
to be equally, if not more, at risk of mental ill health than
their age-matched peers in the general population,andthere
is an association between mental health problems in
university students and reduced educational outcomes
(Stallman, 2010).
College is a complex interaction of interpersonal exchanges,
academic expectations, intrapersonal development, and
numerous external and internal demands. The unique
environment that college provides can be both an
opportunity for tremendous growth but also for stress and
academic hardship. These entail academic pressure and
competition, limited academic support, requirements to
make a new social network, finances, and peer pressure
toward alcohol and drug use (Hartley, 2011).
Lo-oh & Afumbom (2017) reported that transition rates
from home to university have witnessed peaks; causing
overcrowded university neighbourhoods thus enabling
young adults to gain freedom and independenceastheynow
live individually in hostels and on theirown.Andthismaybe
worsened by the presence of negative peers. Excessive
drinking and smoking both in public and inside hostels,
luxurious and indecent dressing, dating experiences and
gambling are some common risky behaviours reported
among young adults in Cameroon's universities. This seems
to be en vogue consequently leading to escalatedimmorality
among today's transitioning youth in universities in
particular (Lo-oh & Afumbom, 2017).
Attending university therefore is widelyacknowledgedto be
a stressful psychosocial event, as students navigate the
process of adapting to new social and educational
environments as well as demands. Some of the
aforementioned transitional adversities can result in
students withdrawing from theirstudieswitha considerable
number of them failing to return to university to obtain
higher education (Willcoxson,Cotter&Joy,2011).Thestatus
quo is seemingly worsened by the fact that emerging
adulthood as a human developmental stage is plagued with
developmental changes and challenges described by Arnett
(2000) as uncertainty about the future, instability, identity
issues and personal responsibility needs.
Adversity and Emerging adulthoodinthelessdeveloped
world (Africa)
One of the greatest challenges facing governments and
policymakers in Africa todayishowtoprovideopportunities
for the continent’s more than 200 million youth so that they
can have decent lives and contribute to the economic
development of their countries. Undoubtedly,thechallenges
for youth that are central to Africa’s economic development
are numerous and varied they include employment, health
and political participation. Conversely, the size, energy,
enthusiasm, innovation and dynamism of youth are assets
that can be harnessed for Africa’s development with
appropriate policies that deal adequately with the issues
facing them (Kwabena and Mwangi, 2013).
Abbink (2005) asserted that to be young in contemporary
Africa has come to mean being disadvantaged, vulnerable,
and marginal, both economically and politically. African
young adults are in a period of waithood, a portmanteau
term of “wait” and “hood,” a period of suspension between
childhood and adulthood. It represents a prolonged
adolescence or an involuntary delay in reaching adulthood,
in which young people are unable to find employment, get
married, and establish their own families. According to
Honwana (2012) young Africans constitute a
disenfranchised majority, largely excluded from major
socioeconomic institutions and political processes. Many
youths cannot afford to form families and households and
are unable to become fully independent and partake in the
privileges and responsibilities of social adulthood.
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Youth are especially vulnerable to the structural conditions
that generate poverty and limit socioeconomic mobility.
Declining opportunities in rural areas lead young men and
women to migrate to the cities, where their chances of
finding employment and stable livelihoodsremainveryslim.
Although growing numbers of young people are completing
secondary school and even attending university, the
mismatch between educational systems and the labour
markets leaves many unemployed or underemployed; they
are pushed into the oversaturated informal economy or
become informal workers in the formal sector (Chen, 2006).
Nsamenang (2007) cited in Lo-oh (2014) posited that
African youth are often tagged as problematic without any
viable information on how the tomorrow of these future
leaders will look like. As such they are considered
insignificant in relation to the progress of their nations,
reason why they are not listened to nor allowed to
contribute. Worst still their plight expressed through
revendications is often misinterpreted as constituting
political agendas especially those cooked by the opposition
parties (Lo-oh, 2014).
Currently in some parts of Cameroon (English speaking and
Northern regions) some youths as observed may have been
grossly baptized into violentconflictsandpolitical gimmicks.
This inevitably urges this paper tocapturethemasvictimsin
dire need of oxygen as a buffer of survival against the
complex socio-political issues surrounding their
entanglement in wars and other forms of violence as young
soldiers, political tools, protection racketeers, and criminal
gangs. Added to these, their situation is precarious since
their vision for adulthood is blackened by difficulteconomic,
social, political, cultural, and psychological and health
conditions that have left most of them feeling hopeless in
regard to the future of their adulthood (Lo-oh, 2012).
The foregoing assertions have acted as a whistleblowerwith
clear signals to this paper that in order to grasp the palavers
of youth and specifically university going emerging adults
today, it is fundamental to x-ray their transitional
experiences as they struggle to become independent,
responsible and fruitful adults with a view of probably
focusing the moon on their seemingly dark and taunting
state so as to project those who display bullet proofs to their
floundering peers and establish their own space in global
developmental literature.
Perspectives for positive development
Positive development is conceptualized as comprising the
dimensions of civic action and engagement, trust and
tolerance of others, trust in authorities and organizations,
social competence, and life satisfaction. A growing body of
research suggests that positive development in emerging
adulthood is an important asset for young people, with
distinct developmental antecedents and consequences for
later functioning, (Arnett, Zukauskiene, & Sugimura, 2014).
According to Lo-oh (2017) positive youth development is
development that is positive and productive for both youth
and their communities. It accrues from an intentional
process that promotes positive outcomes for young people
through the provision of opportunities, choices,
relationships and the support necessary for youth to fully
participate andbecomeproductiveindividuals.Lo-oh(2013)
argued that schooling and education is vital for transition to
adulthood in Cameroon. In Lesotho, Zimbabwe and
Cameroon, parents, students, teachers and education
officials see schooling as that agency which prepares young
people for formal-sector work, better economic activity and
financial autonomy; and that schooling intervenes in young
people’s transition to work, usually inhibiting economic
activity (Ansell, 2004; Ndille, 2009); and they generally
perceive that more positive schooling attitudes led toschool
success and achievement in later life (Ansell, 2004).
But the foregoing adversities already examinedinthispaper
dampens hopes of a flourishing tomorrow for emerging
adult students in universities in Cameroon thus increasing
fears that the leaders of tomorrow will not transition
positively into adulthood so as to ensure continuity in
individual, family, community and national development.
Therefore it is imperative that parents, civil society
organizations, the church and government should work
collaboratively to accompany university students so as to
uphold a better vision for a better tomorrow in Cameroon.
Concluding reflections on the status quo
This paper is crafted in the midst of deafening gun battles
between revolutionary youth in Anglophone regions of
Cameroon which host two state universities and other
private tertiary institutions as well as Boko Haram
insurgencies in the Northern parts of the country with two
major universities. The socio-political malaise has
unfortunately sent a greater chunk of young people into
dishonourable graves, living a majorityofthemhopelessand
helpless with fears of what their adulthood will look like.
The latter is motivated by cross border attacks from youths
who may have been abandoned politically, economically,
culturally and socially by the government while the former
involves youngpeople whohaveunsuccessfullyattemptedto
reverse their socio-economic and political woes through
existing channels thus they felt they need to forcefully
elevate their plight. Kwabena and Mwangi (2013) lamented
that despite the elevated awareness of the challenges
confronting Africa’s youth, several African countries still do
not seem to have developed comprehensive and effective
policies to deal with the issues facing this large and growing
segment of the African population or to have in place a
means to assess the progress made.
Unfortunately these are the leaders of the future who have
been thrown away and neglected to sort out their worries
like street dogs in uncoordinated battle fields that have
resulted in floods of blood and chunks of bones and flesh.
Many of these youths are emerging adults in university
students and are victims of such monstrous events; they are
kidnapped from hostels and lecture halls, raped, tortured
and executed in horrible circumstances without any judicial
proceedings to defend and uphold their cases.
Such mind blowing scenarios have been deprived of
abnormality and have embraced normality in the day to day
lives of university youth in some areas in Cameroon. The
complete absence of dialogue and peaceful platforms to
eradicate the war that has engulfed tertiary education
students is evidence of government’s careless, carefree and
unconcerned attitude towards youth emancipation and
empowerment. This is in tandem with Slavin, Hatchett,
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Shibnall, Schindler, & Fendell (2011) who suggested that
students are not flourishing but feeling burnt out,
overloaded and depressed.
All of these palavers added to identity andpersonalityissues
as well as transitional adversities attached to emerging
adulthood and through the university with its own woes as
already examined may bring much pressure to bear on the
young adults. This lives them with unanswered questions
which may look like; who am I, where do I come from,where
am I going to, will I arrive, will I make it, will I get married,
have my own home and can I really contribute to the
wellbeing of my society? The answers they give to these
questions are embedded in their thoughts, how they plan
their daily lives and how they carry themselves in the midst
of the status quo.
But as observed some may be deaf, dumb and blind to the
adversities seen in literature as those observed within the
context of universities in Cameroon, mounting hope and
portraying optimism through giant steps and digging
through the tough walls to escape the harsh super imposed
barricades on their way to a blossomed tomorrow. But the
efforts of such university going trailblazers are absent in the
literature with just a paucity of findings to decry their plight
and emit rays of light on their gainful journeys. This review
therefore applauds third decade university students who
have resolutely denied the appellation that tags them as
hopeless, forgotten disadvantaged and futureless citizens of
the continent and Cameroon in particular so as to create
their space in the global and national developmental
literature.
Future research that may uncover and share theirmemoires
to less hopeful peers who may be floundering in the process
of transition will be a great booster, a notion that marries
Seligman & Csikszentmihalyi (2000) who posited that a
fundamental assertion of positive psychology is that
understanding and helping to support the lives of healthy
people is as important as helping toheal thewoundsofthose
in distress. To wrap up, Nsamenang (2012) raised concerns
about the need for more researchtounderstandhowAfrican
youth growing up in troubling circumstances successfully
produce competent self-identities.
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