The document discusses signs and symptoms of ADHD in children, including difficulty focusing, being easily distracted, fidgeting, blurting out comments, and difficulty waiting their turn. It provides information on the causes of ADHD including genetics and environmental factors like smoking during pregnancy. It describes the three types of ADHD (inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive, combined) and treatments including stimulant medications, non-stimulant medications, behavioral therapies, and classroom accommodations.

1. A child who has difficulty keeping their mind on a task, or who gets
bored of a task easily?

2. A child who jumps from one task to another without completing the
first task?

3. A child who is easily distracted or doesn’t follow instructions carefully?

4. A child who forgets and loses things that they need to complete a task?

5. A child who can’t seem to sit still and who is constantly moving,
roaming, touching things, squirming or fidgeting?

6. A child who speaks or acts without thinking about the
consequences of that act?

7. A child who blurts out inappropriate comments, has difficulty
waiting their turn, and displays their emotions without restraint?

9. KSP or kulang sa pansin is a colloquial term for someone who is
perceived to be lacking in attention. We always hear or utter this phrase
when we notice someone such as a child who does not follow a
standard, norm, etiquette or good manners and right conduct.
Philippines on ADHD

11. ADD, or attention-deficit disorder, is an old term, now out of date, for
the disorder we call ADHD, or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
It was called ADD up until 1987, when the word “hyperactivity” was
added to the name.
Before that, say in 1980, a child would be diagnosed with ADD, either
with or without hyperactivity. But starting in the early 1990s, that child
would be diagnosed with ADHD.

12. From the early ’90s until recently diagnosis included one of three types. Children
who only had the inattentive symptoms were called inattentive type. Kids who
were only hyperactive and impulsive were hyperactive/impulsive type. Kids who
had all three symptoms were called combined type.

13. Brain and the Nervous System
Our brain has many neurons that are packed into
various regions of the brain. Each region has a job
and is responsible for a particular function of our
body. Some help us interpret things so we know
what to say or do and some interact within our
body and help regulate the function of our organs.

14. Brain and the Nervous System
Neurotransmitters are produced by the neurons in tiny quantities. Their job is to be
message carriers. They stimulate the appropriate neuron in the brain so that the
message that is needed will reach the brain region it is destined for.

15. Brain and the Nervous System
Brain scientists have found that a deficiency in the
specific neurotransmitters nor epinephrine and
dopamine cause the ADHD disorder (Silver, 2006).
Neurotransmitters are used by the brain to
stimulate or repress stimulation in brain cells. To
pay proper attention, the brain must be adequately
stimulated

16. Brain and the Nervous System
To have proper control of our impulses, areas of the brain must be adequately
controlled, repressed, or slowed down. In ADHD children, both systems of
stimulation and repression are not working correctly. Some studies suggest that
ADHD Children/Adults may have only ten to twenty-five percent of these two
neurotransmitters found in the normal brain.

17. How would you confirm if it is ADHD?
Dr. Jocelyn Eusebio explain: “First, the child must exhibit signs and symptoms of
hyperactivity and or inattention impulsivity for a minimum of 6 months or more.
Signs and symptoms should be present before the age of 7 and the signs and
symptoms should cause significant impairment in at least 2 settings, home and
school.”

18. Three Types of ADHD
Inattentive TypeHyperactive-
Impulsive Type
Combined

20. • Not paying attention to detail
• Making careless mistakes
• Failing to pay attention and keep on task
• Not listening
• Being unable to follow or understand
instructions
• Avoiding tasks that involve effort
• Being distracted
• Being forgetful
• Losing things that are needed to complete tasks

22. • Fidgeting or squirming (not being able to sit still)
• Nonstop talking
• Trouble sitting still and doing quiet tasks, such as reading
• Running from place to place; acting like he's driven by a motor
• Constantly leaving his seat, jumping or climbing on furniture and other
inappropriate places
• Not having patience
• Blurting out comments at inappropriate times
• Interrupting conversations or speaking out of turn
• Trouble waiting for a turn or standing in line

23. The cause of ADHD aren't clear. Scientists say it is due in large part to genes that
are passed down from parent to child. But experts aren't sure yet which specific
genes make it more likely to get ADHD. A child is more likely to have ADHD if a
close family member has it.

24. Cigarette smoking and alcohol use during
pregnancy
Being born premature
Low birth weight
Being exposed to lead during early childhood
Brain injuries

25. Stimulant drugs. Despite their name, stimulant drugs don’t rev up or excite kids
with ADHD. They calm them down. These medications include:
Dexmethylphenidate (Focalin, Focalin XR)
Dextroamphetamine/amphetamine (Adderall, Adderall XR)
Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse)
Methylphenidate (Concerta, Quillivant XR, Ritalin)

26. Nonstimulant drugs. This type of medication
includes atomoxetine(Strattera).
Although nonstimulant medicines may not
work as well as stimulants, they have fewer
side effects.

27. High blood pressure medicines are another choice.
These drugs can help control impulsivity and
hyperactivity symptoms.
•Clonidine (Catapres, Kapvay)
•Guanfacine (Intuniv, Tenex )

28. Antidepressants. Drugs that affect
mood, including bupropion
(Wellbutrin), can sometimes help with
ADHD symptoms.

29. Side effects
• Loss of appetite
• Weight loss
• Slowed growth
• Disrupted sleep
• Irritability
• Tics
• Anxiety

31. Home rehabilitation
Schedule. Keep the same routine
every day, from wake-up time to
bedtime. Include time for
homework, outdoor play, and indoor
activities. Keep the schedule on the
refrigerator or on a bulletin
board in the kitchen. Write changes
on the schedule as far in
advance as possible.

32. Organize everyday items. Have a place for everything, and keep everything in its
place. This includes clothing, backpacks, and toys.
Use homework and notebook organizers. Use organizers for school
material and supplies. Stress to your child the importance of writing
down assignments and bringing home the necessary books.

33. Be clear and consistent. Children with ADHD need consistent
rules they can understand and follow.
Give praise or rewards when rules are followed. Children with ADHD
often receive and expect criticism. Look for good behavior, and praise it.

34. Teaching-related Practices
• Structure and consistency are important.
• Be supportive when participation in the
classroom
• Identify students who need assistance.
• Help students stay focus
• Lower noise level and distraction.
• Breakdown assignments in to smaller
units
• Allow extra time for completion of test or
lesson

35. Classroom Organization
• Assignment notebook
• Color code folders for different
subjects
• Homework Partner
• Keep desk and book bag clean
out periodically
• Visual aids in the classroom to
remind students of the material
being learned.

36. ADHD is caused by bad parenting.

37. ADHD is a neurobehavioural disorder

38. Children who have ADHD will
eventually grow out of it.

39. 80% of children who have ADHD will continue
to have enough symptoms to qualify for
diagnosis as an adolescent and over 60% of
adults will maintain core symptoms of ADHD.

40. ADHD is not a medical condition.

41. ADHD is a biological brain based
condition officially recognized by
leading medical experts and
institutions

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