What are Addictions? "Habitual patterns of intentional, appetitive behaviors Become excessive and produce serious consequences, or Stability of these problematic behavior patterns over time Interrelated physiological and psychological components,or Addicted individuals have difficulty modifying and stopping them ".

1. ADDICTION
Presented by-Pravin R.Pundge

2. Overview
 What are Addictions
 Drugs and Addictive product
 Nicotine(Tobacco )
 Diseases caused by tobacco use
 Tobacco deaths are on the increase in India
 Alcoholism
 Sales Pattern
 Consumption
 Effects
 Revenue Generated

3. What are Addictions?
 Habitual patterns of intentional, appetitive
behaviors
 Become excessive and produce serious
consequences
 Stability of these problematic behavior
patterns over time
 Interrelated physiological and psychological
components
 Addicted individuals have difficulty modifying
and stopping them

4. Drugs and Addictive product
 Alcohol
 Amphetamine
 Barbiturates
 Caffeine
 Cocaine
 Nicotine
 Opiates
 Procaine (n.a. by humans)
 PCP
 THC
 Imipramine
 Mescaline
 Phenothiazines
 Scopolamine

5. Nicotine(Tobacco )
 Tobacco, which comes primarily from the
plant nicotiana tabacum , has been used for
centuries.
 It can be smoked, chewed, or sniffed.
 nicotine is extremely powerful and is at least
as strong as addictions to other drugs such as
heroin and cocaine.

6. Diseases caused by tobacco use
 Lung cancer
 Stroke (bleeding in the brain)
 Heart attack and heart disease
 Narrowing and clogging of arteries
 Cancers of mouth, throat, larynx, esophagus
 Peptic ulcers (stomach bleeding)
 Respiratory infections and compromise (cough, wheezing
etc)
 Gum disease and tooth loss
 Asthma
 Ear infections
 Greater susceptibility toTB

7. Why does tobacco kill?
 Burns at 1000o C
 Cig smoke has > 4,000 chemicals, 43 known
carcinogens/harmful substances (tar,
cadmium, lead, cyanide, nitrogen oxides,
benzo(a)pyrine, carbon monoxide, vinyl
chloride, acetaldehyde…. )
 Damages tissues throughout the body, clogs
arteries, causes blood clots/bleeding

8. Tobacco deaths are on the
increase in India
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Year
Tobaccodeaths(inmillion)
Estimates by WHO 1996, 1999
Estimates by Gupta 1989
Estimates by ICMR 1985

9. Effective Interventions
 Health warnings on tobacco products
 Comprehensive bans on ALL advertising and
promotion
 Smoking bans in public places (including
work places)
 Cessation support.
 Information .

10. alcoholism
 The National Institutes of Health defines
alcoholism as
 “a physical addiction to alcohol in which
people continue to drink even though the
drinking causes physical, mental and social
problems, including problems with job
responsibilities and relationships”

11. alcoholism
 alcohol has been in use for centuries in the
Indian region.
 For the government, it is the principal source
of revenue; for economists,
 Public health specialist, it is a major cause of
death and injuries;
 India is one of the largest producers of
alcohol in the world.

12. alcoholism
 contributes to 65% of production and nearly
7% of imports within the region.
 It is estimated that the amount of alcohol
produced in India during 2006 - 07 was
approximately 2300 million liters.
 alcohol produced in India is mainly from
sugarcane molasses.
 60 to 70% of the total amount consumed in
india.

13. Changing pattern of alcohol
sales in India

14. Unrecorded
 Production of unfiltered alcohol (70%) in
Rural area.
 Production from natural resources.
 It will be poisons many time.

15. Alcohol
 slows down the activity of the brain.
 contains absolutely no nutrients.
 alcoholic beverages contain the same mood-
changing agent - ethyl alcohol though in
varying percentage.

16. Consumption

17. Survey
 Male to Female ratio being 6:1
 25% of Road accidents at work are due to
alcohol.
 Alcohol-related problems made up 17.6% of the
case load of psychiatric emergencies.

18. State and gender wise
alcohol use prevalence rate
- 2005-06

19. Short-term Effects
 Slower reaction times/reflexes
 Heavy sweating
 Blurry vision
 Nausea and vomiting
 Lowered reasoning ability

20. Short-term Effects (cont…)
 Poor motor coordination
 Slower heart rate/breathing rate
 Increased blood pressure
 Anxiety/restlessness
 Lower inhibition

21.  Mental confusion
 Memory loss
 Coma
 Death from respiratory arrest
Short-term Effects (cont.)

22. Long-term Effects
 Nervous system
 Muscles
 Lungs
 Liver

23. Long-term Effects (cont.)
 Sexual organs
 Brain
 Heart
 Esophagus/stomach

25. Studies on Teen Drinking

26. What is Fetal Alcohol Syndrome?
 When mother drinks, fetus drinks
 Alcohol disrupts brain development

27. Family
 85% of men who were violent towards their
wifes were frequent or daily users of alcohol.

28. Revenue
 During 2008-09 the excise revenue was nearly
400 billion rupees.
 The 14% of revenue generated from alcohal
tax.
 This is one of the important sources of
revenue for the governments.

29. Revenue of individual states

30. Reference
 FAO (Food and AgricultureOrganization of
the United Nations),World DrinkTrends 2003.
 country's road research institute.
 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
India(CDC)
 FAO (Food and AgricultureOrganization of
the INDIA)
 Alcohl report on _nimhas INDIA.-2009

31. THANK
YOU