This document outlines the key developments in adaptation to climate change within the UNFCCC landscape. It discusses the definitions of adaptation and mitigation according to the IPCC. It then summarizes the key decisions and agreements reached at various COP meetings that have advanced adaptation, including establishing funds for adaptation projects in developing countries and frameworks for national adaptation planning. It also reviews estimates of future global adaptation funding needs and the current funding available. Finally, it discusses the goal of making adaptation an integral part of the 2015 Paris Agreement.

1. Adaptation Landscape in UNFCCC
Sanjay Vashist

2. Outline…
 Adaptation Vs. Mitigation
 Key Adaptation Decision in UNFCCC Landscape
 Overview of key findings of IPCC WG II
 Adaptation in 2015 agreement
 Conclusion.

3. IPCC Definition…
Adaptation:
The process of adjustment in nature or human systems in
response to actual or expected climate stimuli or their
effects, which moderates harm or exploits beneficial
opportunities.
Mitigation:
Mitigation is a human intervention to reduce the sources or
enhance the sinks of greenhouse gases.

4. 1. Marrakech Accord (COP 7)
Year 2001
 Prepare and implement National
Adaptation Programme of
Action (NAPA) for Least
Developed Countries (LDC)
 Establishment of Least
Developed Country Fund (LDCF)
Adaptation in UNFCCC Landscape…

5. 2. Bali Road Map (COP 13/CMP 3)-
Year 2007
 Adaptation as one of the
building block of Bali Road Map
(BRM)- Mitigation, finance and
technology transfer.
 Prioritize the vulnerable
developing countries as LDC,
SIDs and Africa.
 Creation of Adaptation Fund it’s
Board, Trustee and Secretariat.
Adaptation in UNFCCC Landscape…

6. 3. Copenhagen Accord (COP
15/CMP 5)- Year 2009
 Global Temperature should be
below 2oC and should consider the
long tem goal in relation to
temperature rise of 1.5oC.
 Establishment of Green Climate
Fund (GCF).
 Short tem finance of 30 billion
(2010- 2012)
 Long term finance for 100 billion
annually by 2020
Adaptation in UNFCCC Landscape…

7. 4. Cancun Conference (COP 16/CMP 6)- Year
2010
 Adopted Cancun Adaptation Framework
(CAF)
I. National Adaptation Plans (NAPs)
II. Establish Adaptation Committee (AC)
III. Work Program on Loss and Damage
Adaptation in UNFCCC Landscape…

8. 5. Durban Platform (COP 17/CMP 7)- Year 2011
 Adopt a draft guidelines for the formulation
of National Adaptation Plan (NAPs)
 Decide Composition of and modalities and
procedures for the Adaptation Committee
under the authority of and accountable to the
COP.
Adaptation in UNFCCC Landscape…

9. 6. Warsaw Conference (COP 19/CMP 9) – 2013
 Warsaw International Mechanism on Loss and
Damage.
 Loss and Damage – A new reality, Third pillar
of the negotiation.
 Limits to adaptation.
Adaptation in UNFCCC Landscape…

10. Adaptation Finance…
1. Raising Adaptation Finance under UNFCCC Financial
Arrangement.
 100 Billion USD annually by 2020 in Green Climate Fund.
2. Direct access and Grant basis
3. No Co-financing
4. New and additional to existing ODA Commitments
5. Channel through UNFCCC Mechanism.
Future
Adaptation
Funding
Needs
World Bank
(2006)
Stern Review
(2006)
Oxfam
(2007)
UNDP
(2007)
UNFCCC
(2007)
Project
Catalyst
World
Bank
(2009)
9 – 41 Billions 4 – 37
Billions
50 Billions 47 – 109
Billions
28 – 67
Billions
67 -77
Billions
75 -100
Billions
Adaptation
Funding
SCCF LDCF AF PPCR Total
Available Now 222 Millions 506 Millions 271 Millions 805 Millions 1.8 Billions

11. 1. Adaptation as an Integral part of 2015
agreement
2. Adoption of Global goal on Adaptation
3. Means of Implementation – Adaptation Finance,
Technology and Capacity Building.
4. Loss and Damage – New Reality.
Adaptation into 2015 agreement…

12. Conclusion…
1. Act now to reduce global GHG in the scale that will allow
world to stay below 1.5 degree above pre-industrial state.
2. All country need to do their fare share of reducing GHG
emission.
3. All country are vulnerable and all country need to act.
4. The risks are real & wide-reaching.
5. Poor and marginalized communities will be hit hardest
6. Uncertainty is no reason to delay action
7. No single adaptation solutions fits all
8. Adaptation has its limit to adapt.

13. Thank you !!!
sanjay@cansouthasia.net