This document provides a review of fuzzy microscopic traffic models. It begins with an introduction describing the importance of traffic models and limitations of existing microscopic models. It then outlines the aim, objectives, and justification of integrating fuzzy logic into microscopic traffic models. Key aspects summarized include a review of existing microscopic car-following models and their limitations, an overview of fuzzy logic and how it can describe driver behavior more realistically, and directions for future research.
Modeling business management systems transportationSherin El-Rashied
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Introduction
How IT &Business Process Fit Together
What is modeling?
What is Simulation?
Modeling & Simulation in Business Process Management
The Seven-Step Model-Building Process
Transportation
An overview on transportation modeling
Transport model scope & structure
Car Traffic Jam Problem
Aim of Transportation Model
Types of Traffic Models
Microscopic Traffic model & Simulation
Cellular Automaton model
Conclusion
Solving Transportation Problem by Software Application
Class Example
Being an Assignment, submitted to the Department of Civil Engineering Bayero University Kano Master of Engineering May, 2017
Guided by Professor Hashim M. Alhassan
Modeling of driver lane choice behavior with artificial neural networks (ann)...cseij
Â
In parallel to the economic developments, the importance of road transportation was significantly
increased in Turkey. As a result of this, long-distance freight transportation gains more importance and
hence numbers of the heavy vehicles were significantly increased. Consequently, road surface deformations
are observed on the roads as the increasing freight transportation and climatic conditions influence the
road surface. Therefore, loss of functionality of the road surface is observed and drivers are much prone to
accident due to their driving characteristics as they can have more tendencies to change their lanes not to
pass through the deformation area. In this study, the lane changing behaviors of the drivers were
investigated and both Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Linear Regression (LR) models were proposed
to simulate the driver behavior of lane changing who approach to a specific road deformation area. The
potential of ANN model for simulating the driver behavior was evaluated with successive comparison of the
model performances with LR model. While there was a slight performance increase for the ANN model with
respect to LR model, it is quite evident that, ANN models can play an important role for predicting the
driver behavior approaching a road surface deformation. It can be said that, approaching speed plays an
important factor on the lane changing behavior of a driver. This can be criticized by the fact that, drivers
with high approaching speeds more likely pass through the deformation to avoid the accidents while
changing their lanes with a high speed.
Modeling business management systems transportationSherin El-Rashied
Â
Introduction
How IT &Business Process Fit Together
What is modeling?
What is Simulation?
Modeling & Simulation in Business Process Management
The Seven-Step Model-Building Process
Transportation
An overview on transportation modeling
Transport model scope & structure
Car Traffic Jam Problem
Aim of Transportation Model
Types of Traffic Models
Microscopic Traffic model & Simulation
Cellular Automaton model
Conclusion
Solving Transportation Problem by Software Application
Class Example
Being an Assignment, submitted to the Department of Civil Engineering Bayero University Kano Master of Engineering May, 2017
Guided by Professor Hashim M. Alhassan
Modeling of driver lane choice behavior with artificial neural networks (ann)...cseij
Â
In parallel to the economic developments, the importance of road transportation was significantly
increased in Turkey. As a result of this, long-distance freight transportation gains more importance and
hence numbers of the heavy vehicles were significantly increased. Consequently, road surface deformations
are observed on the roads as the increasing freight transportation and climatic conditions influence the
road surface. Therefore, loss of functionality of the road surface is observed and drivers are much prone to
accident due to their driving characteristics as they can have more tendencies to change their lanes not to
pass through the deformation area. In this study, the lane changing behaviors of the drivers were
investigated and both Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Linear Regression (LR) models were proposed
to simulate the driver behavior of lane changing who approach to a specific road deformation area. The
potential of ANN model for simulating the driver behavior was evaluated with successive comparison of the
model performances with LR model. While there was a slight performance increase for the ANN model with
respect to LR model, it is quite evident that, ANN models can play an important role for predicting the
driver behavior approaching a road surface deformation. It can be said that, approaching speed plays an
important factor on the lane changing behavior of a driver. This can be criticized by the fact that, drivers
with high approaching speeds more likely pass through the deformation to avoid the accidents while
changing their lanes with a high speed.
Car-Following Parameters by Means of Cellular Automata in the Case of EvacuationCSCJournals
Â
This study is attention to the car-following model, an important part in the micro traffic flow. Different from NagelâSchreckenbergâs studies in which car-following model without agent drivers and diligent ones, agent drivers and diligent ones are proposed in the car-following part in this work and lane-changing is also presented in the model. The impact of agent drivers and diligent ones under certain circumstances such as in the case of evacuation is considered. Based on simulation results, the relations between evacuation time and diligent drivers are obtained by using different amounts of agent drivers; comparison between previous (NagelâSchreckenberg) and proposed model is also found in order to find the evacuation time. Besides, the effectiveness of reduction the evacuation time is presented for various agent drivers and diligent ones.
A Review on Road Traffic Models for Intelligent Transportation System (ITS)IJSRD
Â
Traffic flow models seek to describe the interaction of vehicles with their drivers and the infrastructure. Almost all the models directly or indirectly characterize the relationship among the traffic variables: the position, the speed, the flow, and the density of vehicles. These relationships can be based on either the behavior of individual vehicles in a traffic network in relation to the dynamics of other vehicles, the overall characteristics of the flow of vehicles in a traffic network, or a combination of the behavior of individual vehicles in a traffic network and the overall traffic flow characteristics. This paper describes the different models for automatic Traffic control system.
Pedestrian Accident Scenario of Dhaka City and Development of a Prediction ModelRafidTahmid1
Â
Conference: International Conference on Recent Innovation in Civil Engineering for Sustainable Development (IICSD).
Year: 2015.
Place: Department of Civil Engineering, DUET - Gazipur, Bangladesh.
Type: Conference Paper.
Paper ID: TE-049.
Authors: H. M. Ahsan (1); M. H. Rahman (2).
(1) Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, BUET.
Email: hmahsan@ce.buet.ac.bd
(2) Undergraduate Student, Department of Civil Engineering, BUET.
Email: md.hasibur.rahman.buet.ce@gmail.com
Effectiveness Analysis of Travel Time For Mode Alternatife Trnasportation Bec...IJERA Editor
Â
The purpose of this research is to obtain a model of user behavior modes of transportation in the city of Semarang in choosing the two modes of transportation, namely Modes A (rickshaw) and Mode B (motorized rickshaws), using the approach of Logit Binomial Model with three variables (cost, time and distance) with method stated preference. From the data processing, which consists of travel time, travel expenses, the distance traveled and the proportion of modal choice between Modes A and Mode B based on the cost of travel, travel time and travel distance, is analyzed with regression analysis, correlation, analysis of variance, multiple linear regression, linear interpolation. In this study of three variables, namely the analysis of costs, time and distance, researchers modeling the behavior of users rickshaws and motorized rickshaws gradually. The first researchers to model the Binomial logit model with two variables: cost and time, then the modeled user behavior mode again with the same analytical model with variable costs and the distance. Both models were then compared with regards variable costs in the first model as a reference to obtain the magnitude of the difference in cost, the time difference and the difference in distance as well.
IMPORTANCE OF REALISTIC MOBILITY MODELS FOR VANET NETWORK SIMULATIONIJCNCJournal
Â
In the performance evaluation of a protocol for a vehicular ad hoc network, the protocol should be tested under a realistic conditions including, representative data traffic models, and realistic movements of the mobile nodes which are the vehicles (i.e., a mobility model). This work is a comparative study between two mobility models that are used in the simulations of vehicular networks, i.e., MOVE (MObility model generator for VEhicular networks) and CityMob, a mobility pattern generator for VANET. We describe several mobility models for VANET simulations.
In this paper we aim to show that the mobility models can significantly affect the simulation results in VANET networks. The results presented in this article prove the importance of choosing a suitable real world scenario for performances studies of routing protocols in this kind of network.
A macroscopic traffic model based on the Markov chain process is developed for urban traffic networks. The method utilizes existing census data rather than measurements of traffic to create parameters for the model. Four versions of the model are applied to the Philadelphia regional highway network and evaluated based on their ability to predict segments of highway that possess heavy traffic.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
Â
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
FOLLOWING CAR ALGORITHM WITH MULTI AGENT RANDOMIZED SYSTEMijcsit
Â
We present a new Following Car Algorithm in Microscopic Urban Traffic Models which integrates some real-life factors that need to be considered, such as the effect of random distributions in the car speed,acceleration, entry of lane⊠Our architecture is based on Multi-Agent Randomized Systems (MARS) developed in earlier publications
Car-Following Parameters by Means of Cellular Automata in the Case of EvacuationCSCJournals
Â
This study is attention to the car-following model, an important part in the micro traffic flow. Different from NagelâSchreckenbergâs studies in which car-following model without agent drivers and diligent ones, agent drivers and diligent ones are proposed in the car-following part in this work and lane-changing is also presented in the model. The impact of agent drivers and diligent ones under certain circumstances such as in the case of evacuation is considered. Based on simulation results, the relations between evacuation time and diligent drivers are obtained by using different amounts of agent drivers; comparison between previous (NagelâSchreckenberg) and proposed model is also found in order to find the evacuation time. Besides, the effectiveness of reduction the evacuation time is presented for various agent drivers and diligent ones.
A Review on Road Traffic Models for Intelligent Transportation System (ITS)IJSRD
Â
Traffic flow models seek to describe the interaction of vehicles with their drivers and the infrastructure. Almost all the models directly or indirectly characterize the relationship among the traffic variables: the position, the speed, the flow, and the density of vehicles. These relationships can be based on either the behavior of individual vehicles in a traffic network in relation to the dynamics of other vehicles, the overall characteristics of the flow of vehicles in a traffic network, or a combination of the behavior of individual vehicles in a traffic network and the overall traffic flow characteristics. This paper describes the different models for automatic Traffic control system.
Pedestrian Accident Scenario of Dhaka City and Development of a Prediction ModelRafidTahmid1
Â
Conference: International Conference on Recent Innovation in Civil Engineering for Sustainable Development (IICSD).
Year: 2015.
Place: Department of Civil Engineering, DUET - Gazipur, Bangladesh.
Type: Conference Paper.
Paper ID: TE-049.
Authors: H. M. Ahsan (1); M. H. Rahman (2).
(1) Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, BUET.
Email: hmahsan@ce.buet.ac.bd
(2) Undergraduate Student, Department of Civil Engineering, BUET.
Email: md.hasibur.rahman.buet.ce@gmail.com
Effectiveness Analysis of Travel Time For Mode Alternatife Trnasportation Bec...IJERA Editor
Â
The purpose of this research is to obtain a model of user behavior modes of transportation in the city of Semarang in choosing the two modes of transportation, namely Modes A (rickshaw) and Mode B (motorized rickshaws), using the approach of Logit Binomial Model with three variables (cost, time and distance) with method stated preference. From the data processing, which consists of travel time, travel expenses, the distance traveled and the proportion of modal choice between Modes A and Mode B based on the cost of travel, travel time and travel distance, is analyzed with regression analysis, correlation, analysis of variance, multiple linear regression, linear interpolation. In this study of three variables, namely the analysis of costs, time and distance, researchers modeling the behavior of users rickshaws and motorized rickshaws gradually. The first researchers to model the Binomial logit model with two variables: cost and time, then the modeled user behavior mode again with the same analytical model with variable costs and the distance. Both models were then compared with regards variable costs in the first model as a reference to obtain the magnitude of the difference in cost, the time difference and the difference in distance as well.
IMPORTANCE OF REALISTIC MOBILITY MODELS FOR VANET NETWORK SIMULATIONIJCNCJournal
Â
In the performance evaluation of a protocol for a vehicular ad hoc network, the protocol should be tested under a realistic conditions including, representative data traffic models, and realistic movements of the mobile nodes which are the vehicles (i.e., a mobility model). This work is a comparative study between two mobility models that are used in the simulations of vehicular networks, i.e., MOVE (MObility model generator for VEhicular networks) and CityMob, a mobility pattern generator for VANET. We describe several mobility models for VANET simulations.
In this paper we aim to show that the mobility models can significantly affect the simulation results in VANET networks. The results presented in this article prove the importance of choosing a suitable real world scenario for performances studies of routing protocols in this kind of network.
A macroscopic traffic model based on the Markov chain process is developed for urban traffic networks. The method utilizes existing census data rather than measurements of traffic to create parameters for the model. Four versions of the model are applied to the Philadelphia regional highway network and evaluated based on their ability to predict segments of highway that possess heavy traffic.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
Â
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
FOLLOWING CAR ALGORITHM WITH MULTI AGENT RANDOMIZED SYSTEMijcsit
Â
We present a new Following Car Algorithm in Microscopic Urban Traffic Models which integrates some real-life factors that need to be considered, such as the effect of random distributions in the car speed,acceleration, entry of lane⊠Our architecture is based on Multi-Agent Randomized Systems (MARS) developed in earlier publications
Motorcycle Movement Model Based on Markov Chain Process in Mixed TrafïŹcIJECEIAES
Â
Mixed trafïŹc systems are dynamically complex since there are many parameters and variables that inïŹuence the interactions between the different kinds of vehicles. Modeling the behavior of vehicles, especially motorcycle which has erratic behavior is still being developed continuously, especially in developing countries which have heterogeneous trafïŹc. To get a better understanding of motorcycle behavior, one can look at maneuvers performed by drivers. In this research, we tried to build a model of motorcycle movement which only focused on maneuver action to avoid the obstacle along with the trajectories using a Markov Chain approach. In Markov Chain, the maneuver of motorcycle will described by state transition. The state transition model is depend on probability function which will use for determine what action will be executed next. The maneuver of motorcycle using Markov Chain model was validated by comparing the analytical result with the naturalistic data, with similarity is calculated using MSE. In order to know how good our proposed method can describe the maneuver of motorcycle, we try to compare the MSE of the trajectory based on Markov Chain model with those using polynomial approach. The MSE results showed the performance of Markov Chain Model give the smallest MSE which 0.7666 about 0.24 better than 4 order polynomial.
IDENTIFICATION OF RANGE OF THRESHOLDS FOR FUZZY INPUTS IN TRAFFIC FLOW CIV8331Umar Ali
Â
Identifying range of thresholds for fuzzy inputs in traffic flow. Fuzzy logic is used in identifying fuzzy sets that are used traffic behaviours. Fuzzy logic can be applied in the development of automated traffic control systems, adaptive cruise control and self driving vehicles.
REVIEW OF MICROSCOPIC TRAFFIC FLOW USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.pptxNafisaBashir1
Â
Microscopic traffic flow is the type of flow that deals with each vehicle as an individual vehicle. As we are surrounded by artificial intelligence and technology is advancing towards it, how do these two come together to solve our traffic issues.
Presentation on advance traffic engineering.pptxEtahEneji1
Â
This presentation was done to fulfil the course requirement for the pursuit of my M. ENG on the course title: Advanced traffic engineering Course code : (CIV 8331).
Course Lecturer : ENGR. PROF H. M. AlHASSAN
An Equation is Generated with the help of Previous Traffic Data of NH-06.(Nagpur - Amravati) for Forecasting of Traffic at NH-06. A Simulation Model is Prepared using Microscopic Simulation tool VISSIM 7.0 which shows the behaviour of heterogeneous Traffic at Indian Highway. Diffrent Forms of Graph are Obtained for Estimation of Capacity of highway and Relation between Volume and Stream Speed. From the Graph a polynomial equation having second degree is obtain which shows the relationship
between Widh of Carriageway and Capacity of Highway. This Equation is used for Estimation of Capacity at Indian Highway.
1
Intermodal Autonomous Mobility-on-Demand
Mauro Salazar1,2, Nicolas Lanzetti1,2, Federico Rossi2, Maximilian Schiffer2,3, and Marco Pavone2
AbstractâIn this paper we study models and coordination poli-
cies for intermodal Autonomous Mobility-on-Demand (AMoD),
wherein a fleet of self-driving vehicles provides on-demand
mobility jointly with public transit. Specifically, we first present
a network flow model for intermodal AMoD, where we capture
the coupling between AMoD and public transit and the goal is
to maximize social welfare. Second, leveraging such a model,
we design a pricing and tolling scheme that allows the system
to recover a social optimum under the assumption of a perfect
market with selfish agents. Third, we present real-world case
studies for the transportation networks of New York City and
Berlin, which allow us to quantify the general benefits of
intermodal AMoD, as well as the societal impact of different
vehicles. In particular, we show that vehicle size and powertrain
type heavily affect intermodal routing decisions and, thus, system
efficiency. Our studies reveal that the cooperation between AMoD
fleets and public transit can yield significant benefits compared
to an AMoD system operating in isolation, whilst our proposed
tolling policies appear to be in line with recent discussions for
the case of New York City.
I. INTRODUCTION
TRAFFIC congestion is soaring all around the world. Besidesmere discomfort for passengers, congestion causes severe
economic and environmental harm, e.g., due to the loss of
working hours and pollutant emissions such as CO2, partic-
ulate matter, and NOx [1]. In 2013, traffic congestion cost
U.S. citizens 124 Billion USD [2]. Notably, transportation
remains one of a few sectors in which emissions are still
increasing [3]. Governments and municipalities are struggling
to find sustainable ways of transportation that can match
mobility needs and reduce environmental harm as well as
congestion.
To achieve sustainable modes of transportation, new mobil-
ity concepts and technology changes are necessary. However,
the potential to realize such concepts in urban environments is
limited, since upgrades to available infrastructures (e.g., roads
and subway lines) and their capacity are often extremely costly
and require decades-long planning timelines. Thus, mobility
concepts that use existing infrastructure in a more efficient way
are especially attractive. In this course, mobility-on-demand
services appear to be particularly promising. Herein, two main
concepts exist. On the one hand, free floating car sharing
systems strive to reduce the total number of private vehicles
in city centers. However, these systems offer limited flexibility
and are generally characterized by low adoption rates that
result from low vehicle availabilities due to the difficulty of
1Institute for Dynamic Systems and Control ETH ZuÌrich, Zurich (ZH),
Switzerland {samauro,lnicolas}@ethz.ch
2Department of Aeronautics and Astro.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Â
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
Â
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with ïŹy-by-wire ïŹight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologistâs survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Â
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Â
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
Â
In todayâs fast-changing business environment, itâs extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
Â
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
Â
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
Â
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
Â
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the studentâs details, driverâs details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
Â
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named âEvent Management Systemâ is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
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This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)
Â
Adamu muhammad isah
1. ADVANCE TRAFFIC ENGINEERING PRSENTATION
TOPIC: REVIEW OF FUZZY MICROSCOPIC TRAFFIC MODELS
BY
ADAMU, MUHAMMAD ISAH
SPS/17/MCE/00074
COURSE FACILITATOR: ENGR. PROF. H.M.ALHASSAN
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, CIVIL ENGINEERING PROGRAM
BAYERO UNIVERSITY KANO
15TH MAY, 2018.
2. INTRODUCTION
ï” Traffic congestion and increased number of accidents have become one of the most
prior problem of populated areas. Because the existing road networks cannot satisfy
the current demand and construction of new roads is usually not a solution and often
not economical and socially desired. Therefore the need for new traffic management
and information systems.
ï” Traffic models are thus fundamental resources in the management of road network.
Microscopic models appears to be promising among the models for its ability to
describe the dynamics of traffic flow at the level of each individual vehicle.
ï” However, microscopic models assumed that vehicular behavior can be described base
on precise and approximated values. But this have its limitations as Human decisions
imply uncertainties since most of our behaviors have fuzzy nature rather than crisp,
and the application of fuzzy set theory is a useful tool to handle uncertainties.
3. AIM
The aim of this review is to integrate fuzzy logic with
microscopic traffic models
4. OBJECTIVES
ï” To review microscopic model assumptions
ï” To highlight the limitations of microscopic model
ï” To give the processes involved in considering fuzzy logic
ï” To highlight the benefits of fuzzy logic in microscopic traffic models.
5. JUSTIFICATION
Due to increasing number of private car ownership, the share
of public transport has reduced and therefore an increase in
traffic volume. Especially in the medium sized cities, people
have a strong perception that car is the most suitable mode
when compared to existing public transport system and
continuously thinking of owning and using a car. These
perception of people will not do justice to the traffic
management policies. Therefore the need to review these
policies from time to time.
6. REVIEW OF MICROSCOPIC CAR-FOLLOWING MODEL
ï” Car-following models have been developed since 1950s (Pipes,
1953). These models describe the accelerative behavior of a
driver as a function of distance headway and relative speed.
The following are representative car-following models
ï” Safe Distance models
ï” Optimal Speed models (OSM)
ï” General motors model (stimulus response model)
7. GENERAL MOTORS MODEL
ï”The fundamental concept behind the General Motors
Model is the stimulus-response theory (Chandler et al.,
1958).
Response= stimulus Ă sensitivity
ï”Response is acceleration Or deceleration of the FV,
stimulus is the difference between speed of leader vehicle,
đđż and speed of the follower vehicle, đđč , sensitivity is a
function of distance headway,đ đ and đđč. Several equations
have been proposed in the last 20 years (Mehmood et al.,
2001)
8. LIMITATIONS OF GENERAL MOTORS MODEL
ï”The possibility of relative speed between the two vehicles to
be equal to zero is not realistic.
ï”The assumption of symmetrical behavior. For example, a
lead vehicle has a positive relative speed with a certain
magnitude, and another lead vehicle has a negative relative
speed with the same magnitude. Therefore deceleration rate
in the first case will be equal to acceleration rate in the
second case. In a real traffic, deceleration rate is greater to
avoid risk.
9. STOP-DISTANCE MODEL
ï” This Model assumes that a following vehicle maintains a safe
distance as a factor of safety incase the leading vehicle suddenly
stops. This model is based on a function of the speeds of the
following and leading vehicles and the followerâs reaction time.
This is represented by the Kometani and Sasaki, (1959) formula:
Îx(t-T) = αđđż
2
(t-T) + ÎČđŁ đč
2
(t) + ÎČđđč(t)+ đ0
Where Îx is the relative distance between the lead and following
vehicles; đđż is the speed of the lead vehicle; đđč is the speed of the
following vehicle; T is the driverâs reaction time; and α, ÎČ, ÎČ1and đ0
are calibration constants.
10. LIMITATIONS OF STOP DISTANCE MODEL
ï”The Stop Distance Model is widely used in microscopic
traffic simulations (Gipps, 1981), because of its easy
calibration based on a realistic driving behavior, requiring
only the maximal deceleration of the following vehicle.
However, the âsafe headwayâ concept is not a totally valid
starting point, and this assumption is not consistent with
empirical observations.
11. OPTIMAL SPEED MODELS (OSM)
ï” The Optimal Speed Model (OSM) is a microscopic âcar following
typeâ model first proposed by Bando et al.,(1994).
It is based on the principle that for each situation, there is an Optimal
Speed (OS) to adopt by the driver. Any deviation from this OS
causes the vehicle to adopt an acceleration proportional to the
difference between the optimum and actual speed (Six,etal.,2012).
12. LIMITATIONS OF OSM
ï” The sensitivity and the OS function are assumed to be common to
all cars.
ï” The OS model predicts that a homogenous flow becomes unstable
and transits to a jammed flow if the density exceeds a critical
value (Akihiro et al. (2016)
ï” Linear OS Functions do not describe realistic microscopic
behaviours (Antoine and Armin, 2014)
ï” Optimal Speed Model has difficulty to avoid collision in urgent
braking cases (Doudouet al., 2016)
13. FUZZY LOGIC
ï”In the recent past, many microscopic simulation models have
been developed (Algers et al, 1997) based on probabilistic or
mechanistic approach in capturing driversâ decisions (Hidas,
2002). However, these approaches do not incorporate the
uncertainties of driver perception and decisions (Wu et al,
2000).
ï”The reactions of a driver perhaps is not based on a
deterministic one-to-one relationship, but on a set of vague
driving rules developed through experience (Chakraborty and
Kikuchi, 1999).
14. CONTINUETION
âą Fuzzy logic provides the opportunity to introduce a
quantifiable degree of uncertainty into the modelling
procedure to reflect the natural or subjective perception of
the real variables (Wu et al. 2000).
âą McDonald et al (1997).; Brackstone et al (1998) and Wu et
al. (2000) developed a fuzzy logic model based on fuzzy
sets and systems. To model the lane changing decision, they
classified the lane changing manoeuvres into two categories
lane changes to the near-side lane and lane changes to the
off-side lane.
15. CONTNUATION
âą The fuzzy logic model uses relative velocity and distance divergence
(DD) (ratio of headway distance to desired headway) as input variables.
The output variable is the acceleration or deceleration rate. The DD is the
average of the headway distance that is observed when the relative speeds
between vehicles are close to zero. This model adopts fuzzy functions
(fuzzy sets described by membership functions) as the formula for the
input-output relationship
âą The fuzzy logic car-following model was developed by the Transportation
Research Group (TRG) at the University of Southampton (Wu et al.,
2000). McDonald et al. collected car following behavior data on real
roads. Then developed and validated the proposed fuzzy logic car-
following model based on the real-world data
16. FUZZY LOGIC CAR-FOLLOWING MODEL
The car-following models listed above have established a unique
interpretation of drivers in a car following behaviors;
âą General Motors Model described the driver in a car following
situation as a stimuli responder
âą Stop Distance Model describe the driver as a safe distance keeper
and
âą Optimal speed model describe the driver as a state monitor who
wants to maintain optimal speed below the threshold
However, these models include non-realistic constraints to describe
car-following behavior in real road-traffic environments: symmetry
between acceleration and deceleration, the âsafe headwayâ concept,
and constant acceleration or deceleration above the threshold.
17. The fuzzy logic car-following model describes driving operations
under car-following conditions using linguistic terms and associated
rules, instead of deterministic mathematical functions.
Car-following behavior can be described in a natural manner that
reflects the imprecise and uncertain human sensory modalities
The fuzzy logic car-following model treats a driver as a decision-
maker who decides the controls based on the current information,
experience and situation as inputs using a fuzzy reasoning.
CONTINUATION
18. FUTURE RESEARCH
However, the details of the inbuilt mechanism of underlying models are
not been accessible in the available literature. The further refinements
are still going on to improve fuzzy microscopic simulation models in
terms of computational performance, accuracy of the underlying
models in representing realistic traffic flow, analyze various policies
related to ITS applications etc.
19. 1. Chandler, R. E., Herman, R. and Montroll, E. W. (1958) âTraffic dynamics: studies
in car followingâ, Operations Research, 6, pp. 165-184.
2. Chakroborty, P. and Kikuchi, S. (1999) âEvaluation of general motors based car-
following models and proposed fuzzy inference modelâ, Transportation Research C,
7, pp 209-235.
3. McDonald, M., Wu, J., Brackstone, M., 1997. Development of a Fuzzy Logic Based
Microscopic Motorway Simulation Mode. Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on
Intelligent Transportation Systems, Boston, U.S.A.
4. Wu, J., Brackstone, M., McDonald, M., 2000. Fuzzy Sets and Systems for a
Motorway Microscopic Simulation Model. Fuzzy Sets and Systems, special issue on
fuzzy sets in traffic and transport systems 116 (1), 65-76.
5. Gazis, D. C., Herman, R. and Potts, R. B. (1959) âCar following theory of steady
state traffic flowâ, Operations Research, 7, pp. 499-505.
6. Gipps, P. G. (1981) âA behavioral car-following model for computer simulationâ,
Transportation Research B, 15, pp. 105-111.
REFERENCE
20. 7. Kometani, E. & Sasaki, T.; (1959). Dynamic behavior of traffic with a nonlinear
spacing speed relationship. Proceedings of the Symposium of Theory of Traffic Flow, pp. 105-
119, New York, USA, 1959
8. Akiyama, T. (2000) âExtended traffic assignment models with fuzzy travel timeâ, Proc. 4th
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11. Hidas, P. (2002) âModelling lane changing and merging in microscopic traffic
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REFERENCE