Digital jewellery

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Digital jewelry
Technical Seminar Report
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the Degree of
Bachelor of Technology
In
Electronics and Communications Engineering
By
T. Harish Kumar (11621A0456)
Under the guidance of
Ms .T. Sireesha
Associate professor
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
Aurora's Engineering College
Bhuvanagiri, Nalgonda District – 508 116
(Affiliated to JNTUH and Accredited by NBA, New Delhi)
(2014-15)

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Aurora's Engineering College
Bhuvanagiri, Nalgonda District – 508 116
(Affiliated to JNTUH and Accredited by NBA, New Delhi)
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Technical Seminar report entitled Digital Jewelry has been submitted
by Mr T. Harish kumar bearing Roll No 11621A0456 under my guidance in partial fulfilment of the
degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electronics and Communication Engineering to the Jawaharlal
Nehru Technological University Hyderabad during the academic year 2014-15.
Date:
Name of the Supervisor Seminar Coordinator
Mr. V. Kumara Swamy Mr. J. Srikanth
Head of Department Principal

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Acknowledgment
It givesme immensepleasure toexpressmydeepsense of gratitude tomy
supervisorShri.VinodChavanforhisinvaluable guidance,motivation,constantinspirationand
above all hereverco-operatingattitude enabledme in bringingupthisthesisinpresentelegant
form.
I am extremely thankful to Mr.V.Kumara Swamy, Head, Department of
Electronics & Communication Engineering and the faculty members of Electronics &
Communication Engineering Department for providing all kinds of possible help and advice
during the course of this project.
I am greatly thankful to all the staff members of the department and all my
well-wishers, class mates and friends for their inspiration and help. It is a great pleasure for me
to acknowledge and express my gratitude to my parent for their understanding, unstinted
support and endless encouragement during my study.
T.HARISH KUMAR
ROLL NO: 11621A0456
Department of Electronics &Communication Engineering
AURORA’S Engineering College, Bhuvanagiri.

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Abstract
Mobile computing is beginning to break the chains that lie us to our decks .but many
of today‘s mobile devices can still be a bit awkward to carry around. In the next age of
computing, there will be an explosion of computer parts across our bodies, rather than across
our desktops. However, researchers are looking to change the way we think about the beads
and bobbles we wear. The combination of microcomputer devices and increasing computer
power has allowed several companies to begin producing fashion jewelry with embedded
intelligence i.e., Digital jewelry. Digital jewelry can best be defined as wireless, wearable
computers that allow you to communicate by ways of e-mail, voicemail, and voice
communications. This paper enlightens on how various computerized jewelry (Like ear-rings,
necklace, ring bracelet, etc.,) will work with mobile embedded intelligence
It seems that everything we access today is under lock and key. Even the devices we
use are protected by passwords. It can be frustrating trying to keep with all of the passwords
and keys needed to access any door or computer program. This paper discusses about a new
Java-based, computerized ring that will automatically unlock doors and log on to computers.

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CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE NO.
1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Scope 1
1.2 Purpose 2
1.3 what is digital jewellery 2
1.4 Digital jewellery and its components 2
1.5 charmed communicator’s eyepiece 6
2. LITERATURE SURVEY 7
2.1 history of wireless communications 7
2.2 Wireless vision 8
2.3 Low cost and low power radios: Bluetooth and zigbee 8
2.4 Jewellery as communication 9
2.5 People and their awareness 11
3. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS OF DIGITAL JEWELRY 12
3.1 Display technologies 12
3.2 Electromagnetic beads 13
3.3 Prototypes of digital jewellery 14
4. THE JAVA RING 16
4.1 Components of java ring 17
4.2 Working of java ring 18
4.3 Operating system of java ring 20
4.4 Applications of java ring 20
4.5 Advantages of java ring 21
5. APPLICATION, ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS 22
5.1 Applications 22
5.2 Ongoing achievements 22
5.3 Advantages 23
5.4 Limitations 23
6. CONCLUSION 25

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LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE NAME PAGE NO
1.1 Digital accessions 3
1.2 Speakers embedded in to earnings 3
1.3 Microphone embedded necklace 4
1.4 Magic decoder ring 4
1.5 .a Bluetooth bracelet 5
.b Prototype bracelet 5
1.6 The eyepiece 6
2.1 IDEO’S techno jewelry 11
3.1 Alphanumeric or graphic types 12
3.2 Electromagnetics beads 14
3.3 Hiox necklace 14
3.4 Programmable HIOX ring 15
4.1a. The java ring 16
b. DS9104 Digital Decoder 16
4.2 Blue dot receptor 18
4.3 Opening door using java ring 19
4.4 Working process of java ring 19
6.1 Digital watch 24

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1. INTRODUCTION
The latest computer craze has been to be able to wear wireless computers. The
Computer Fashion Wave, "Digital Jewelry" looks to be the next sizzling fashion trend of the
technological wave. The combination of shrinking computer devices and increasing computer
power has allowed several companies to begin producing fashion jewelry with embedded
intelligence. Today’s manufacturers place millions of transistors on a microchip, which can be
used to make small devices that store tons of digital data. The whole concept behind this is to
be able to communicate to others by means of wireless appliances. The other key factor of this
concept market is to stay fashionable at the same time.
As computing and technology become more ubiquitous in their conception, there is
evidence that designers are looking for methods of bridging technology with the human form
(corporate examples include IBM, Philips and Nike). The technology of the large corporate
companies is about mass-produced changes in our personal experience of the world. Mass-
production is by its nature detrimental to intimacy and the sense of individual experience.
Jewelry is about an intimate relationship between an individual and an object, and often forms
a link in the relationship between one person and another. This paper illuminates the
contribution that contemporary jewelry design can make to the design and conception of digital
communication devices, illustrating a creative methodology for creating new objects
embodying technology. The method acts to bridge the areas of HCI, contemporary jewelry and
other design disciplines. This research is not about inventing new mobile phones or PDAs,
which are worn in a novel way on the body, but is about the design and application of wearable
digital technology using the methods and perspective of a Contemporary Jeweler. The results
include a new model and perspective for viewing objects, in particular wearable objects
involving computer technologies. This paper has significance both directly within design and
craft as well as wider implications outside of this field.
By the end of the decade, we could be wearing our computers instead of sitting in front of them.
1.1 scope
This seminar is about the design and application of digital jewelry which will be
implemented very soon in the real world. Through developing the pieces and critiquing existing
forms of information and communication devices I became aware that the issues raised by the
potential integration of digital technologies and jewelry were considerable. There has been a

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radical shift in our relationships with, and experiences of, digital technologies during the last
sixty years. Developments of body-focused digital objects have fundamentally altered our
relationship with digital technologies, both physically and emotionally.
1.2 Purpose
The advent of digital jewelry has revolutionized the jewelry business by making it more
than just a fashion accessory, and in the near future we could all be wearing it as a vital means
of communication. Mobile phones may have reduced in size over the years, due to shrinking
computer devices and a major increase in computer power, but digital jewelry will enable you
to go one step further by adorning your body with a selection of compatible mobile components
that will work together as well as any mobile phone, and look stylish at the same time.
1.3 What Is Digital Jewelry?
Digital jewelry is the fashion jewelry with embedded intelligence. “Digital jewelry”
can help you solve problems like forgotten passwords and security badges. “Digital jewelry”
is a nascent catchphrase for wearable ID devices that contain personal information like
passwords, identification, and account information. They have the potential to be all-in-one
replacements for your driver’s license, key chain, business cards, credit cards, health insurance
card, corporate security badge, and loose cash. They can also solve a common dilemma of
today’s wired world – the forgotten password.
1.4 Digital Jewelry and Its Components
Soon, cell phones will take a totally new form, appearing to have no form at all. Instead
of one single device, cell phones will be broken up into their basic components and packaged
as various pieces of digital jewelry. Each piece of jewelry will contain a fraction of the
components found in a conventional mobile phone. Together, the digital-jewelry cell phone
should work just like a conventional cell phone.
The various components that are inside a cell phone: -
Microphone, Receiver, Touch pad, Display, Circuit board, Antenna, and Battery.
IBM has developed a prototype of a cell phone that consists of several pieces of digital
jewelry that will work together wirelessly, possibly with Blue tooth wireless technology, to
perform the functions of the above components {1}.

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Figure 1.1: cell phones may one day comprised of digital accessories that work
Together through wireless connections
Here are the pieces of computerized-jewelry phone and their functions:
 Earrings - Speakers embedded into these earrings will be the phone's receiver.
Figure 1.2: Speakers Embedded Into Earnings
These days many manufacturers are developing things like Bluetooth devices in the
form of pendants or earrings that people can wear that help enhance their mobile phones,
computers PDAs, basically anything that uses similar Technology.

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 Necklace - Users will talk into the necklace's embedded microphone
Figure 1.3: Microphone Embedded Necklace
Necklace transfer the information in the forms of signals. It works with the help of
sensors which is embedded in it. It is mainly by blue tooth technology.
 Ring - Perhaps the most interesting piece of the phone, this "magic decoder ring” is
equipped with light-emitting diodes (LEDs) that flash to indicate an incoming call. It can
also be programmed to flash different colors to identify a particular caller or indicate the
importance of a call.
Two of the most identifiable components of a personal computer are the mouse and
monitor. These devices are as familiar to us today as a television set. However, in the next
decade, we could witness the disappearance of these devices, at least in their current form.
Several companies, including IBM and Charmed Technology, are working on ways to
create a head-mounted display. IBM is also working to shrink the computer mouse to the size
of a ring and create a wrist-worn display.
Figure 1.4: IBM's magic decoder rings will flash when you get a call.

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The same ring that flashes for phone calls could also inform you that e-mail is piling
up in your inbox. This flashing alert could also indicate the urgency of the e-mail.
The mouse-ring that IBM is developing will use the company's Track Point technology
to wirelessly move the cursor on a computer-monitor display. (Track Point is the little button
embedded in the keyboard of some laptops). IBM Researchers have transferred TrackPoint
technology to a ring, which looks something like a black-pearl ring. On top of the ring is a little
black ball that users will swivel to move the cursor, in the same way that the TrackPoint button
on a laptop is used.
This Track Point ring will be very valuable when monitors shrink to the size of watch
face. In the coming age of ubiquitous computing, displays will no longer be tied to desktops or
wall screens. Instead, you'll wear the display like a pair of sunglasses or a bracelet. Researchers
are overcoming several obstacles facing these new wearable displays, the most important of
which is the readability of information displayed on these tiny devices.
 Bracelet - Equipped with a video graphics array (VGA) display, this wrist display could
also be used as a caller identifier that flashes the name and phone number of the caller.
Figure 1.5: (a) Bluetooth Bracelet built in rechargeable battery, when a call is coming
the bracelet will vibrate and lamp flash (b) Prototype bracelet display developed by
IBM
With a jewelry phone, the keypad and dialing function could be integrated into the
bracelet, or else dumped altogether -- it's likely that voice-recognition software will be used to
make calls, a capability that is already commonplace in many of today's cell phones. Simply

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say the name of the person you want to call and the phone will dial that person. IBM is also
working on a miniature rechargeable battery to power these components.
1.5 Charmed Communicator’s Eyepiece
Charmed Technology is already marketing its digital jewelry, including a futuristic-
looking eyepiece display.
Figure 1.6: The eyepiece above displays images and data received wirelessly from the
communicator’s belt module

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2. LITERATURE SURVEY
Wireless communications is, by any measure, the fastest growing segment of the
communications industry. As such, it has captured the attention of the media and the
imagination of the public. Cellular systems have experienced exponential growth over the last
decade and there are currently around two billion users worldwide. Indeed, cellular phones
have become a critical business tool and part of everyday life in most developed countries, and
are rapidly supplanting antiquated wire line systems in many developing countries. In addition,
wireless local area networks currently supplement or replace wired networks in many homes,
businesses, and campuses. Many new applications, including wireless sensor networks,
automated highways and factories, smart homes and appliances, and remote telemedicine, are
emerging from research ideas to concrete systems.
2.1 History of Wireless Communications
The first wireless networks were developed in the Pre-industrial age. These systems
transmitted information over line-of-sight distances (later extended by telescopes) using smoke
signals, torch signaling, flashing mirrors, signal flares, or semaphore flags. An elaborate set of
signal combinations was developed to convey complex messages with these rudimentary
signals. Observation stations were built on hilltops and along roads to relay these messages
over large distances. These early communication networks were replaced first by the telegraph
network (invented by Samuel Morse in 1838) and later by the telephone. In 1895, a few decades
after the telephone was invented, Marconi demonstrated the first radio transmission from the
Isle of Wight to a tugboat 18 miles away, and radio communications was born. The first
network based on packet radio, ALOHANET, was developed at the University of Hawaii in
1971. This network enabled computer sites at seven campuses spread out over four islands to
communicate with a central computer on Oahu via radio transmission. The network
architecture used a star topology with the central computer at its hub. The U.S. military was
extremely interested in the combination of packet data and broadcast radio inherent to
ALOHANET. Throughout the 1970’s and early 1980’s the Defense Advanced Research
Projects Agency (DARPA) invested significant resources to develop networks using packet
radios for tactical communications in the battlefield. Packet radio networks also found
commercial application in supporting wide-area wireless data services. These services, first
introduced in the early 1990’s, enable wireless data access (including email, file transfer, and

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web browsing) at fairly low speeds, on the order of 20 Kbps. A strong market for these wide-
area wireless data services never really materialized, due mainly to their low data rates, high
cost, and lack of ―killer applications. These services mostly disappeared in the 1990s,
supplanted by the wireless data capabilities of cellular telephones and wireless local area
networks (LANs). The introduction of wired Ethernet technology in the 1970’s steered many
commercial companies away from radio-based networking.
2.2 Wireless Vision
The vision of wireless communications supporting information exchange between
people or devices is the communications frontier of the next few decades, and much of it
already exists in some form. This vision will allow multimedia communication from anywhere
in the world using a small handheld device or laptop. Wireless networks will connect palmtop,
laptop, and desktop computers anywhere within an office building or campus, as well as from
the corner cafe. In the home these networks will enable a new class of intelligent electronic
devices that can interact with each other and with the Internet in addition to providing
connectivity between computers, phones, and security/monitoring systems. Such smart homes
can also help the elderly and disabled with assisted living, patient monitoring, and emergency
response. Wireless entertainment will permeate the home and any place that people congregate.
Video teleconferencing will take place between buildings that are blocks or continents apart,
and these conferences can include travelers as well, from the salesperson who missed his plane
connection to the CEO off sailing in the Caribbean. Wireless video will enable remote
classrooms, remote training facilities, and remote hospitals anywhere in the world. Wireless
sensors have an enormous range of both commercial and military applications.
2.3 Low-Cost Low-Power Radios: Bluetooth and Zigbee
As radios decrease their cost and power consumption, it becomes feasible to embed
them in more types of electronic devices, which can be used to create smart homes, sensor
networks, and other compelling applications. Two radios have emerged to support this trend:
Bluetooth and Zigbee. Bluetooth radios provide short range connections between wireless
devices along with rudimentary networking capabilities. The Bluetooth standard is based on a
tiny microchip incorporating a radio transceiver that is built into digital devices. The
transceiver takes the place of a connecting cable for devices such as cell phones, laptop and
palmtop computers, portable printers and projectors, and network access points. Bluetooth is
mainly for short range communications, e.g. from a laptop to a nearby printer or from a cell

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phone to a wireless headset. Its normal range of operation is 10 m (at 1 mw transmit power),
and this range can be increased to 100 m by increasing the transmit power to 100 mw. The
system operates in the unlicensed 2.4 GHz frequency band. The Bluetooth standard is named
after Harald I Bluetooth, the king of Denmark between 940 and 985 AD who united Denmark
and Norway.
2.4 Jewelry as Communication
When designing devices that enable communication between individuals using
technology, the significance of how the device relates to the user as an individual, rather than
a member of a collective, is of great importance. This paper draws on practice centered research
into the integration of digital technologies within contemporary jewelry and focuses on
opposing notions of jewelry and the gadget within the conception and design of wearable
digital communication devices.
The desire to make the human form the locus for digital devices is increasingly evident
in the proposals and developments of digital device designers. This motivation is often
technology led as a result of the increasing ubiquitous and miniaturized nature of computing
and technology. However, the body, as a site for interactive devices, has much wider
possibilities. This paper explores the contribution and perspective of Contemporary Jewelry in
the design and conception of wearable digital devices, reflecting the awareness of jewelers to
the person/object relationship and notions of personal significance.
Randall White, professor of anthropology at New York University suggests that any
discovery of collective human coexistence can be described as a society if there is evidence of
jewelry in that collective. He states that "What people wear, and what they do to and with their
bodies in general, forms an important part of the flow of information - establishing, modifying,
and commenting on major social categories. This perspective provides a view of jewelry, which
establishes it as a defining signifier of society and the power relationships within it {1}.
There is evidence throughout history that objects have been worn or attached to the
body to symbolize status, difference and a way of asserting individualism. These first
connections between purpose and self-adornment form the precursors of what we now know
as jewelry. Traditionally jewelry has followed in these footsteps. It has been used to symbolize
wealth, social status and cultural positioning. However the power an object has, particularly
one worn on the body, to exemplify and express many broader concepts has advanced the
medium of jewelry from this traditional role [1].
IBM’s design approach can be characterized as a 'problem solving' one, and has led to

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solutions of equivalent quality to high street, commercial accessories, with a predictability of
form and function. Turning to jewelry because "if you have something with you all the time,
you might as well be able to wear It." shows a narrow interpretation of what jewelry is and a
naivety in this case of the problems which are in need of solving. In allowing function to lead
the concept the perceived issues or problems are potentially shallow and the resulting designs
will only echo this. The more important, significant problems of why such devices should be
made, or how such devices can enhance communication between people are not evident in
these pieces.
Research and Development at Philips has produced concepts for the integration of
technology in our communities, homes and clothing. Philips is an example of a company with
a number of approaches to the design of digital devices. They take a user centered approach
stating "The traditional design disciplines are integrated with expertise from the human
sciences and technology through a multi-disciplinary, research-based approach that makes it
possible to create new solutions that satisfy and anticipate people's needs and aspirations.
Philips suggest that "As new technological developments advance they become well
and smaller as we use refined, miniaturized technology. But there are limits to miniaturization.
It can help make products smaller and easier to use, but the ultimate dream is not to have easier
tools: it is not to have to bother with tools at all! The step forward then is the integration of
functions into objects that we do not feel clutters us, which are part of our life. Philips approach
shows an openness to form and mode of interaction, their proposed devices often suggest
playful ways of interacting with the systems, but in terms of wearable devices their suggestions
echo qualities of 'products' rather than 'jewelry.
Product Design Company IDEO has produced proposals for wearable digital
appliances, which intimate notions of jewelry. The ideas consist of: Cell phone rings, where
the ear piece and mouth piece telephony are embedded in finger jewelry, 'Toe Jewelry', which
facilitates navigation around a city, through the use of satellites and a PDA power plant on a
belt, a Sports watch which supplies data of your performance, to upload to your PDA for
analysis and a low powered ear mounted phone. The forms still resemble products, rather than
jewelry, but they show a more imaginative interpretation of how to wear digital devices than
many product design companies.
As these examples illustrate, the majority of digital devices to date using the body as
their canvas and locus are from a functionalist led standpoint. Craft theorists such as
Greenhalgh (2002) discuss the relevance of technology for makers of craft objects and there is
a recognizable shift in the embrace of such notions. However there are very few contemporary

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jewelers going beyond the expression of ideas and aesthetics attributed to digital technology in
their work.
IDEO’s Techno jewelry proposals for digital jewelry include Cell phone, Rings, where
the ear piece and mouth piece are embedded in finger jewelry, and GPS Toes, toe rings which
act as directional indicators and are wirelessly connected to a GPS receiver kept in a bag or
worn on a belt. Elements of these designs show a more sensitive understanding of what it means
to integrate an object into your appearance by wearing it. Their focus on the hands and feet are
described by IDEO as: “non-intrusive locations for useful innovations, these concepts prove
that new devices needn’t look alien to your person and that we can make technology adapt to
our lifestyles rather than the other way around.”
Figure 2.1: IDEO’s Techno jewelry
2.5 People and Their Awareness of Digital Jewelry
A survey was conducted for this purpose through social network (Facebook, Twitter)
Participants included: 138 people, age group 19-30, Male and Female. Our results concluded
the following-There are 106 people(77%) do not about digital jewelry, while there are 32
people (23%) they may have heard or read about it. About 73% accept the idea of digital
jewelry. The most popular field used for Digital Jewelry is Intelligence. This is comparing with
medical and social fields.

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3. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS OF DIGITAL JEWELRY
Digital jewelry devices consist of a screen or display for information, most likely
consisting of 7-16-segment, or dot matrix LEDs, LCDs, or other technologies such as
electroluminescent material (EL) or others, which could become an optional display.
So too, an audiovisual or other 'display' could consist of a speaker, a single flashing
light, a sensor of some kind (such as a temperature driven EL display), or other informational
aesthetic. The display layer sits on a face of the device, which is enclosed in some material
such as plastic, metal, crystal, or other material.
It has external switches and buttons on its side and a data-port for accessing the
programmable electronic circuit inside. A micro controller that is a surface mounted device
(SMD) on a printed circuit board (PCB) with resistors (R) and capacitors (C) are the internal
‘guts' of the jewelry.
3.1 Display Technologies
The digital jewelry display, for instance, every alphabet and number system has found
representation within the electronics realm and 'dot-matrix' (a matrix of single LEDs) is used
to display Chinese and Japanese and other character sets, as can the alternative display for
LCDs (liquid-crystal-displays) also be used, as often found in watches.
Figure 3.1: Alphanumeric or graphic display types
Digital Jewelry can be made in many different sizes and shapes with a variety of
materials ranging from plastic and metal to rubber and glass. They utilize electromagnetic
properties and electronics to display information through a screen or display of some kind. This
could range from LED 7-segment, 16-segment, dot matrix, and other programmable LEDs

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devices to LCDs, OLEDs, and other displays, which are all driven by the self-contained jewelry
devices themselves[1].
A dot matrix is a 2-dimensional patterned array, used to represent characters, symbols
and images. Every type of modern technology uses dot matrices for display of information,
including cell phones, televisions, and printers. They are also used in textiles with sewing,
knitting, and weaving.
In printers, the dots are usually the darkened areas of the paper. In displays, the dots
may light up, as in an LED, CRT, or plasma display, or darken, as in an LCD. Although the
output of modern computers is generally all in the form of dot matrices (technically-speaking),
computers may internally store data as either a dot matrix or as a vector pattern of lines and
curves. Vector data encoding requires less memory and less data storage, in situations where
the shapes may need to be resized, as with font typefaces. For maximum image quality using
only dot matrix fonts, it would be necessary to store a separate dot matrix pattern for the many
different potential point sizes that might be used. Instead, a single group of vector shapes is
used to render all the specific dot matrix patterns needed for the current display or printing
task.
Sixteen-segment displays were originally designed to display alphanumeric characters
(Latin letters and Arabic digits). Later they were used to display Thai numerals and Persian
characters. Before the advent of inexpensive dot-matrix displays, sixteen and fourteen-segment
displays were some of the few options available for producing alphanumeric characters
on calculators and other embedded systems. However, they are still sometimes used
on VCRs, car stereos, microwave ovens, telephone Caller ID displays, and slot
machine readouts.
Sixteen-segment displays may be based on one of several technologies, the three most
common optoelectronics types being LED, LCD and VFD. The LED variant is typically
manufactured in single or dual character packages, to be combined as needed into text line
displays of a suitable length for the application in question.
3.2 Electromagnetic Beads
The closest comparison to this model is that of 'beads' which are strung together to make
a custom necklace or bracelet, with interchangeable electromagnetic component systems or
devices. One bead may be a capacitor on the inside, and a solar panel on the outside.

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Another bead may have an internal resistor which feed power into a programmed
microcontroller bead which drives an external screen, with other options available in a variety
of bead configurations which compose a circuit, including beads with a Piezo element, voltage
regulator, crystal, or rechargeable battery as part of the modular jewel circuit [2].
The number of data pins on the microcontroller needs to be enough to easily program
the display layer plus the switches without overly complex and advanced coding methods. The
key to the device's ability to work effectively is a balancing of electronic components within
the circuit with a light-duty processing and limited power consumption required for the display
(d) layer.
Figure 3.2: Electromagnetic Beads
3.3 Prototypes of Digital Jewelry
Figure 3.3: Hiox Necklace

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The figure 3.3 shows a complete HIOX necklace showing al 26 letters of roman alphabets
extended in 4-dimentional space lifetime. Metal with leather cord.
Figure 3.4: Programmable HIOX Ring with 16-Segment LED Display
A Sixteen-Segment Display (SISD), sometimes called a "Union Jack" display or a
"British Flag" display is a type of display based on 16 segments that can be turned on or off
according to the graphic pattern to be produced. It is an extension of the more common seven-
segment display, adding four diagonal and two vertical segments and splitting the
three horizontal segments in half. Other variants include the fourteen-segment display which
splits only the middle horizontal segment.

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4. THE JAVA RING
It seems that everything we access today is under lock and key. Even the devices we
use are protected by passwords. It can be frustrating trying to keep with all of the passwords
and keys needed to access any door or computer program.
Dallas Semiconductor is developing a new Java-based, computerized ring that will
automatically unlock doors and log on to computers.
Figure 4.1
(a)The Java Ring can be programmed to give you access to every door and device.
(b)DS9104 Digital Decoder
For over 10years, Dallas semiconductor also has been designing, making and selling a
line of highly secure microprocessors are used in satellite TV descramblers, automatic teller
machines, point of sale terminals, and other similar applications requiring cryptographic
security and high resistance to attack by hackers. Postal Service's (USPS) Information Based
Indicia Program Postal Security Device Specification, intended to permit printing of valid U.S.
postage on any PC, provided the first opportunity to combine two areas of expertise when a
secure microprocessor was designed into an I Button the resulting product, named the Crypto
I Button, combines high processor performance and high-speed cryptographic primitives, and
exceptional protection against physical and cryptographic attacks of outsiders. An agreement
between Dallas Semiconductor and RSA Data Security Inc. Provides a paid-up license for
anyone using the Crypto I Button to perform RSA encryption and digital signatures so that no
more further licensing of the RSA encryption technology is required so far. High security is
afforded by the ability to erase the contents of NVRAM extremely quickly. This feature, rapid
zeroization, is a requirement for high security devices that may be subjected to attacks by
hackers. As a result of its high security, the Crypto I Button is expected to win the FIPS 140-1
security certification by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (N IST).A special

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operating system was designed and stored in the ROM of the Crypto I Button to support
cryptography and general-purpose ﬁnancial transactions -- such as those required by the Postal
Service program. While not a Java virtual machine, the Ecommerce ﬁrmware designed for this
application had several points of similarity with Java, including an object-oriented design and
a byte code interpreter to interpret and execute Dallas Semiconductor's custom-designed with
the E-Commerce Script language
The DS9104 Digital Decoder Ring is a portable database disguised as jewelry with the
DS1996 Memory I Button as signet. Data is transferred serially using the 1-Wire® protocol
through a simple interface. Data is first written to a scratchpad, verified, and then transferred
to NV memory. The 64-bit serial number guarantees that each ring is unique and traceable. The
ring communicates by touch through a parallel or serial port interface. Applications include
access control to buildings, doors, and computers and digitized storage of personal information
Note: Rings cannot be resized as the I Button will not withstand the high temperatures
required.
The Java Ring, first introduced at Java One Conference, has been tested at Celebration
School, an innovative K-12 school just outside Orlando, FL. The rings given to students are
programmed with Java applets that communicate with host applications on networked systems.
Applets are small applications that are designed to be run within another application
At Celebration School, the rings have been programmed to store electronic cash to pay
for lunches, automatically unlock doors, take attendance, store a student's medical information
and allow students to check out books. All of this information is stored on the ring's I Button.
Students simply press the signet of their Java Ring against the Blue Dot receptor, and the
system connected to the receptor performs the function that the applet instructs it to. In the
future, the Java Ring may start your car.
4.1 Components of Java Ring
The Java Ring is a stainless-steel ring, 16-millimeters (0.6 inches) in diameter, which
houses a 1-million-transistor processor, called an I Button. The ring has 134 KB of RAM, 32
KB of ROM, a real-time clock and a Java virtual machine, which is a piece of software that
recognizes the Java language and translates it for the user's computer system[4].
Digital jewelry, (designed to supplement the personal computer,) will be the evolution
in digital technology that makes computer elements entirely compatible with the human form.

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Highlights of Java Ring
 Runs Java better (plus portions enhance Java Card 2.0)
 Careful attention to physical security (rapid zeroization)
 Durability to stand up to everyday use
 High memory capacity (up to 134K bytes NV SRAM)
 Retail connectivity to 250 million existing computers (less if designed-in before
manufacturing)
Figure 4.2: Blue Dot Receptor
The Java Ring is snapped into a reader, called a Blue Dot receptor, to allow
communication between a host system and the Java Ring. I Button requires connection to a
reader known as a Blue Dot Receptor in order to be supplied with power and to receive input
and send output. The read/write operation will be done by this blue dot receptor provided by
RS232 serial port adaptor.
Receptor cable connects to the USB port of PC or any embedded system. The
information is transferred between the I Button and pc with momentary touching java ring.
4.2 Working of Java Ring
Since java ring is programmed with the applets and the programming is done according
to our application and this will specific for the specific user. All information of the user is
stored in the java ring. Figure 4.3 shows how java ring is used to open the door. User simply
has to press the signet of the java ring against the blue dot receptor and the system connected
to the receptor performs the function that the applets instruct it to.java ring has the user profile
and the same profile is present in the door embedded

19
Figure 4.3: Opening door using Java Ring
system also, when the user press the signet of the java ring against the java ring reader which
is embedded at the handle of the door the data is transferred from the ring to door system. if
the profile is authentic means user is authentic to open the door the applets president in the ring
instruct the door to open.
Information is transferred between I Button and a PC with a momentary contact, at up
to 142K bits per second. To do that one presses I Button to the Blue Dot receptor, a 15 pipeline
into PC. The Blue Dot sticks to any convenient spot on the front of a PC and is cabled to the
serial or parallel port in the back.
Figure 4.4: Working process of Java Ring (Source: Java Card Technology)

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According to the Dallas Superconductor’s information, over 41 million I buttons are
currently in circulation. List of the major users include the U.S. Post Office, entire truck fleet
fitted with I Buttons that track vehicle maintenance; Citizens of Istanbul, Turkey, who store
digital cash in the I Button, using the device as a small change purse on their mass transit
system. It was also said that the U.S. Postal service has approved.
Java ring is programmed with the applets according to our application. For specific
class of user specific java applets is preloaded in to the java ring. All the information of the
user is stored in the java ring. User simply presses the signet of the java ring against the “blue
dot” receptor and the system connected to the receptor performs the function that the applet
instructs to.
Java rings are authorized through Personal Identification Numbers (PINs) so that no
one can steal a person’s ring and use that ring. The java ring provides very high degree of
security for the confidential data that is stored in the NVRAM memory.
4.3 Operating System in Java Ring
A special operating system was designed and stored in the ROM of the Crypto I Button
to support cryptography and general-purpose financial transactions – such as those required by
the Postal Service program. While not a Java virtual machine, the E-Commerce firmware
designed for this application had several points of similarity with Java, including an object-
oriented design and a byte code interpreter to interpret and execute Dallas Semiconductor’s
custom-designed E-Commerce Script Language [3].
A Compiler was also written to compile the high-level language representation of the
Script Language to a byte code form that could be interpreted by the E-Commerce
VM.Although the E-Commerce firmware was intended primarily for the USPS application, the
firmware supports a variety of general electronic commerce models that are suitable for many
different applications. The E-Commerce firmware also supports cryptographic Protocols for
secure information exchange such as the Simple Key-Management for Internet Protocol (SKIP)
developed by Sun Microsystems Inc.
4.4 Applications of Java Ring
 Access control to buildings and equipment
 Secure network login using challenge/response authentication
 Storage vault for user names and passwords
 User profile for rapid Internet form-filling

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 Digital signatures for e-commerce
 United States Postal Service Postal Security Device for PC Postage downloadable over
the Internet.
 Digital photo ID and fingerprint biometrics
 Thermochron applications
4.5 Advantages
 Java ring is wearable.
 Completely controlled by the user. Provides authentication to users which is crucial for
many applications. Easier for administrator to maintain the security infrastructure.
 Rapid Zeroization -zeroisation (also spelled zeroization) is the practice of erasing
sensitive parameters (electronically stored data, cryptographic keys, and CSPs) from a
cryptographic module to prevent their disclosure if the equipment is captured. This is
generally accomplished by altering or deleting the contents to prevent recovery of the
data.
 More secure than using passwords.
 Portable.
 Provides real memory, more power, and a capacity for dynamic programming.

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5. APPLICATION, ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS
5.1 Application
I. In Social Networking
 The use of digital jewelry in the areas of social communication help to easy
communication between users as well as help to interact and respond faster as it helps
to share the latest information around the world then the digital jewelry helps rapid
response and high efficiently.
 You can communicate with your friends, family, as your need as effective way.
II. In Personal Field
The java ring help the employee in the companies to reminder the time of the meeting
by saving the date on this ring (Rings can notify for not only phones, it may include
email and messages or any other kind of notification) , or to communicate with other
stuff easily by using the other component of the jewelry eg: Earrings, Necklace…etc
III. In Intelligence Field
Digital jewelry can be used to adjust the Security Council, where it is considered a
modern method and easy to use in the transfer of information in a more secure and
confidential due to their small size and used it on a personal level.
IV. In Medical Fields
That the use of jewelry digital in the medical field a big impact at facilitating their career
where it’s become a means of: communication very easy between the patient and the
doctor or the medical staff as a whole, used in follow-up patients and outside the
hospital easily, the patient can communicate with his doctor with ease, whether in the
hospital or at home as well as at the medical level they.
5.2 Ongoing achievements:
 Charm badge
 Intelligent Spectacles
 Smart Wrist Watch
 Magic Decoder ring
 Charmed Communicator Eyepiece
 Mouse Ring

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5.3 Advantages
 It provides SECURITY.
For example, JAVA RING is used to lock or unlock doors or computers. As we
use passwords and keys to lock our doors and computers. We don’t need to
remember all those passwords and carry all those keys. So java ring is designed
to provide security.
 It is easy to carry everywhere.
As COMPUTING DEVICES are embedded, it is not necessary to carry CELLS
or COMPUTERS it is not necessary to carry CELLS or COMPUTERS.
5.4 Limitations
 Charging capabilities and cost are the sample of problems.
 Display is very small
 Rays may be harmful
 No water proof should be taken
 Very expensive to afford

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6. CONCLUSION
The basic idea behind the digital jewelry concept is to have the convenience of wireless,
wearable computers while remaining fashionably sound. The combination of shrinking
computer devices and increasing computer power has allowed several companies to begin
producing fashion jewelry with embedded intelligence. Today, manufacturers can place
millions of transistors on a microchip, which can be used to make small devices that store tons
of digital data. Researchers have already created an array of digital-jewelry prototypes. "We've
made one of almost everything except tongue rings," says Dan Russell, senior manager
of IBM's Alma den Research Lab, where IBM is developing digital-jewelry technology.
Figure 6.1: Digital Watch
Russell says that digital jewelry is the beginning of the disintegration of the personal
computer into tiny pieces. It is hoped to be marketable soon, however, several bugs remain.
Charging capabilities and cost are just a sample of the problems that lurk.
The role posited, through this research, of a contemporary jeweler is not how to add an
aesthetic to a technology, or how you wear something, but that a jeweler can force much bigger
questions and issues, which involves questioning motivations, relevance’s, and forms of digital
appliances and interaction. As a result of this next phase the aim is to use the findings to develop
a reflective review of the researcher's own practice.
The research will generate empirical data for mainly qualitative analysis. In this way
the activities will inform one another and allow refinement and development of the research
methodology and in turn the researcher's own practice. It is anticipated that the research will

25
test the appropriateness of Contemporary Jewelry as a creative strategy in the further
development of such technologies.
Furthermore it will define new design methodologies, which will bridge the roles of
Designer and Jeweler. If successful this research will enhance the relevance of Contemporary
Jewelry and establish its value as a source of knowledge in a post-industrial age. The researcher
will produce a thesis and a series of jewelry objects, which will be presented in the form of one
or more exhibitions, which will address the issue of transparency and communication of
content. As stated by Professor Randall White Jewelry is a defining signifier, it was in the
Middle-Upper Paleolithic age and this research can demonstrate that it still is today.
The purpose of having digital jewelry is to use the different technologies provided in
computers or other devices in a smaller easy to carry device. We have went so far down that
road with all the existing digital jewelry. However, the future is wide open for any new ideas
in that field to make our lives much easier .New combinations of this sort may change our
everyday tasks to make it simpler, thus saving our time money and energy.

Digital jewellery

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