This document summarizes active transport and the sodium-potassium pump. It notes that active transport uses carrier proteins and ATP to move molecules against their concentration gradient. The sodium-potassium pump specifically uses ATP to transport 3 sodium ions out of the cell in exchange for 2 potassium ions into the cell. This pump is important as it regulates ion concentrations and uses approximately 25% of cellular ATP. Calcium ions are also actively transported out of cells via an ATP-powered pump to maintain low intracellular calcium levels important for cell signaling.

1. Abdul Bati
MSC Biotechnology
Roll no (21).
Presented by

2. INTRODUCTION
 The movement of molecules
and ions from lower
Concentration to region of
higher concentration against
the concentration gradient is
called active transport.
 So it compared to uphill
movement .
 The energy provided by ATP.

3. Role of the plasma membrane in
active transport
 Certain protein
molecules present in the
plasma membrane act as
CARRIER PROTEINS
 Carrier proteins
(pumps) recognise
specific ions and
transfer them across
the plasma membrane
 Energy for this process
supplied by ATP which
is made during
respiration

4.  SODIUM- POTASSIUM PUMP
 It uses energy derived from ATP hydrolysis to
transport Na+ and K+ against electro chemical pump.
• 3 Na+ from inside to out side by hydrolysis of ATP And
2 K+ ions out side to inside by hydrolysis of phosphate
• The mechanism of sodium-potassium pump
which moves these two ions in opposite directions across
the plasma membrane .

6. So each cycle transport 3Na+ and 2K+ions across
The plasma membrane at the expanse of
one molecule of ATP .
The importance of Na+ and k+ indicate is
Estimated consume nearly 25% of ATP utilized
By animal cell.

7.  The active transport of Ca+2 across the
plasma membrane it is structurally related to
Na+
and K+ pump Similarly powered by ATP
hydrolysis
 Ca+ pump transport ca+ to outside of cell

8.  So Ca+ concentration is extremely low approximate 0.01um
to extracellular concentration is about 1 mm.
 This low inter cellular concentration of ca+ make the cell
Sensitive to small increase in intracellular ca+ level
the increase in intercellular ca+ play important role
In cell signalling.

9.  Na + and k+ ions are essential in mammalian
cell physiology .
 In kidney Na + and k+ can control
the body.
o The Na and k pump is the receptor of
Digitalis steroids used to treat heart
failure

10.  Na+ and k+ established By the Pump propagation
of electric signals in nerve and muscles
 Na+ and k+ pump to maintain Osmotic balance
and cell volume.

11.  The cytoplasm contain the high concentration of
organic compounds.
 In the absence of counter balance inward flow of water
By osmosis if unchecked result swelling and busting occur.
 The counter balance provided by Na+ and k+ ions.

12.  OSMOSIS
The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane
is OSMOSIS
Regulating the movement of water across the plasma membrane is
an important factor in maintaining homeostasis

13. Hypotonic Solution
 If cell contain high concentration solute and
Low solvent the cell is said to be in
HYPOTONIC solution.
 In this blasting of cell occur.

14. Hypertonic Solution
 If cell solution contain lower
concentration of solvent and high solute the
cell is said to be Hypertonic solution.
 in this cell shrink occur.

17. REFERENCE
 Geoffrey m. Cooper . and Google.

18. Thank u