the passive voice secondary stage

My grandfather planted this tree
This tree was planted by my grandfather.
The hunter killed the lion.
The lion was killed by the hunter.
Mr.Gamil Kassem 01065274048

•the receiver (object or indirect object) is the focus
•the agents are too many to list
•the agent(s) is/ are unknown
•the agent is not specific (everyone in general)
•the agent is secret .
This hotel was built in 1997.
Nabil has been invited to a birthday party.

Present Simple He delivers the letters. The letters are delivered.
Past Simple He delivered the letters. The letters were delivered.
Future Simple He will deliver the letters. The letters will be delivered.
Present Continuous He is delivering the letters
The letters are being delivered.
Past Continuous He was delivering the letters.
The letters were being delivered.

Present Perfect He has delivered the letters.
The letters have been delivered.
Past Perfect He had delivered the letters.
The letters had been delivered.
Future perfect He will have bought the money.
The money will have been spent.

Tense Active Passive
Present simple مصدر / مصدر + s / es am / is / are
مضارع بسيط
Present continuous am / is / are + v. + ing am / is / are + being +pp
مضارع مستمر
Past simple التصريف الثانى للفعل was / were + pp
ماضى بسيط
Past continuous was / were + v. + ing was / were + being + pp
ماضى مستمر
Present perfect has / have + pp has / have + been + pp
مضارع تام
Past perfect had + pp had + been + pp
ماضى تام
Future simple will / shall + مصدر will / shall + be + pp
مستقبل بسيط

will-shall-can-would-should-could-may-might-must-has to-have
to-had to-will have to-needn’t-ought to-used to-going to
We may find more oil.
More oil may be found.

SUBJECT OBJECT
I ←→ me
You ←→ you
He ←→ him
She ←→ her
It ←→ it
You ←→ you
We ←→ us

– اذا جاء في الجملة مفعولين احدهما عاقل والأخر غير عاقل :
The President is awarding three men with the medal of honor
Three men is being awarded the medal of honor
The medal of honor is being awarded to three men

اذا جاء في الجملة مفعولين احدهما عاقل والأخر غير عاقل :
-He sent me a letter.
-A letter was sent to me. - I was sent a letter.
قبل المفعول العاقل to : مع أفعال معينة مثل
give / bring / lend / offer / pass / read / sell / show / write........
-He passed me the ball.
- The ball was passed to me.
مع أفعال معينة مثل: قبل المفعول for -يستخدم حرف الجر
buy / build / find / order / make / leave / save / get / keep....
-He bought his mother a present.
-A present was bought for my mother.

-مع الأفعال
make / see / help / hear / notice / watch -
فى المجهول: to + inf. فى المعلوم و نستخدم inf. - نستخدم

فعل +being + p.p
فعل +to be + p.p
الافعال التي تأتي بعدها
like/hate/ love/ dislike ing + فعل مصدر او فعل
I don't like people cheating me.
-I don't like being cheated.
-I don't like people to cheat me.
-I don't like to be cheated.

People /They ( think – say – believe – know – suppose
People say that smoking is bad for health.
1 = It + is + thought-said-believed-
It is said that smoking is bad for health.
الضمير / الاسم = 2 (am / is are) + p.p + to + + inf. … مصدر
Smoking is said to be bad for health.

We know that the accident happened at 3 o’clock
1 = It + is + (thought-said-believed-)
It is known that the accident happened at 3 o’clock
الضمير / الاسم = 2 (am / is are) + p.p + to have + p.p
The accident is known to have happened at 3 o'clock

let إذا كان الفاعل و المفعول واحد مع الفعل 
He let others laugh at him.
Let + ضمير منعكس be + p.p
He let himself be laughed at.
any body , any thing إذا كانت هناك جمله منفية و بها 
They didn’t do any thing to help us .
No thing was done to help

لاحظ هذه التغييرات التالية عند التحويل الي المبني للمجهول:
It is possible = can be + PP
It’s impossible = can’t be + PP
It’s necessary = must be + PP
It’s unnecessary = needn’t be + PP
It’s probable = may be + PP
It’s improbable = might be + PP
It’s advisable = should be + PP
It’s inadvisable = shouldn’t be + PP

The Mousetrap ………………….as a radio play in 1947.
(wrote -was written -has written -is written)
Millions of people all over the world …………………..the 2008 Olympic Games.
(watch -have watched -watched -are watching)
Agatha Christie’s books ………………into more than 40 languages.
(translated -were translating -have been translating -were translated)
Petra ……………………….by the Romans in AD 106.
(is captured -captured -has been captured -has captured)
The Eiffel Tower ……………………..by Gustave Eiffel in 1889.
(was designed -designed -have been designed -was designing)
The Cairo Metro ………………………by about two million passengers everyday.
(used -is using -is used -was using)

It is now known that Egypt ……….by increasing numbers of tourists last year.
a- visited b-was visited c-is visited d-has been visited
it is believed that languages …….to younger children at schools.
a –taught b-are teaching c-is taught d-are taught
It ……that archaeologists have found a new pyramid at Saqqara
a – reports b-is reported c-was reporting d- has been reported
He is ---------------- to have suffered from amnesia.
a – think b – thinking c – to think d – thought
A famous tennis player ------------- to be hurt in the accident.
a – is believed b – are believed c – is believing d – are believing
Money ---------to bring happiness.
a – thought b – will think c – has thought d – is thought

A 78-year old man has been won this year's prize for crime fiction.
A famous tennis player is believed to be hurting after a city centre road
accident.
A new pyramid at Saqqara has found by archaeologists.
A terrible thing was happened yesterday.
Mr.Gamil Kassem
01065274048
He is said too be a thief.
He is thought to have making a plan.
Her best books have published in over a hundred countries.
It believes that the terrorists escaped.
It has known that smoking causes serious diseases.

the passive voice secondary stage

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the passive voice secondary stage