Cognitive conflicts in major depression: Between desired change and personal ...Guillem Feixas
Article in British Journal of Clinical Psychology (early view). Abstract:
Objectives
The notion of intra-psychic conflict has been present in psychopathology for more than a century within different theoretical orientations. However, internal conflicts have not received enough empirical attention, nor has their importance in depression been fully elaborated. This study is based on the notion of cognitive conflict, understood as implicative dilemma, and on a new way of identifying these conflicts by means of the repertory grid technique. Our aim is to explore the relevance of cognitive conflicts among depressive patients.
Design
Comparison between persons with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder and community controls.
Methods
161 patients with major depression and 110 non-depressed participants were assessed for presence of implicative dilemmas and level of symptom severity. The content of these cognitive conflicts was also analysed.
Results
Repertory grid analysis indicated conflict (presence of implicative dilemma/s) in a greater proportion of depressive patients than in controls. Taking only those grids with conflict, the average number of implicative dilemmas per person was higher in the depression group.
In addition, participants with cognitive conflicts displayed higher symptom severity. Within the clinical sample, patients with implicative dilemmas presented lower levels of global functioning and a more frequent history of suicide attempts.
Conclusions
Cognitive conflicts were more prevalent in depressive patients and were associated with clinical severity. Conflict assessment at pre-therapy could aid in treatment planning to fit patient characteristics.
Practitioner Points
• Internal conflicts have been postulated in clinical psychology for a long time but there is little evidence about its relevance due to the lack of methods to measure them.
• We developed a method for identifying conflicts using the Repertory Grid Technique.
• Depressive patients have higher presence and number of conflicts than controls.
• Conflicts (implicative dilemmas) can be a new target for intervention in depression.
Cautions/Limitations
• A cross-sectional design precluded causal conclusions.
• The role of implicative dilemmas in the causation or maintenance of depression cannot be ascertained from this study.
Cognitive Impairment and Associated Factors in Patients with Chronic Pain. Pr...Observatoriodolor
Publicación: Abstract online. Accesible: http://www.abstracts2view.com/iasp/index.php
Conoce al Observatorio del Dolor: http://observatoriodeldolor.com/
Síguenos en Twitter: https://twitter.com/observadolor
Cognitive conflicts in major depression: Between desired change and personal ...Guillem Feixas
Article in British Journal of Clinical Psychology (early view). Abstract:
Objectives
The notion of intra-psychic conflict has been present in psychopathology for more than a century within different theoretical orientations. However, internal conflicts have not received enough empirical attention, nor has their importance in depression been fully elaborated. This study is based on the notion of cognitive conflict, understood as implicative dilemma, and on a new way of identifying these conflicts by means of the repertory grid technique. Our aim is to explore the relevance of cognitive conflicts among depressive patients.
Design
Comparison between persons with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder and community controls.
Methods
161 patients with major depression and 110 non-depressed participants were assessed for presence of implicative dilemmas and level of symptom severity. The content of these cognitive conflicts was also analysed.
Results
Repertory grid analysis indicated conflict (presence of implicative dilemma/s) in a greater proportion of depressive patients than in controls. Taking only those grids with conflict, the average number of implicative dilemmas per person was higher in the depression group.
In addition, participants with cognitive conflicts displayed higher symptom severity. Within the clinical sample, patients with implicative dilemmas presented lower levels of global functioning and a more frequent history of suicide attempts.
Conclusions
Cognitive conflicts were more prevalent in depressive patients and were associated with clinical severity. Conflict assessment at pre-therapy could aid in treatment planning to fit patient characteristics.
Practitioner Points
• Internal conflicts have been postulated in clinical psychology for a long time but there is little evidence about its relevance due to the lack of methods to measure them.
• We developed a method for identifying conflicts using the Repertory Grid Technique.
• Depressive patients have higher presence and number of conflicts than controls.
• Conflicts (implicative dilemmas) can be a new target for intervention in depression.
Cautions/Limitations
• A cross-sectional design precluded causal conclusions.
• The role of implicative dilemmas in the causation or maintenance of depression cannot be ascertained from this study.
Cognitive Impairment and Associated Factors in Patients with Chronic Pain. Pr...Observatoriodolor
Publicación: Abstract online. Accesible: http://www.abstracts2view.com/iasp/index.php
Conoce al Observatorio del Dolor: http://observatoriodeldolor.com/
Síguenos en Twitter: https://twitter.com/observadolor
This poster was prepared by Fabricia while on her "sandwich" year from University in Brazil - she came to work with us at the Oliver Zangwill Centre, worked hard at writing several papers, and prepared several posters and talks for presentation.
Artigo (4) importante para a preparação para o curso de dor lombar crônica. "Características sensoriais da dor lombar crônica inespecífica: uma investigação de subgrupos."
The Role of Anxiety Sensitivity in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Treatment Ou...Rogers Memorial Hospital
Anxiety Sensitivity (AS) is the fear of bodily sensations related to anxiety due to beliefs that they are harmful. While considerable attention has focused on the link between AS and panic disorder, less research has examined AS in OCD. Calamari and colleagues (2008) found that AS was significantly associated with OCD severity, even after controlling for cognitive risk factors. The present study examined changes in AS over the course of treatment in 337 individuals with an OCD diagnosis and Y-BOCS-SR score of 16 or higher. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that all variables significantly decreased from admission to discharge. Adding the ASI change over treatment to the multiple regression increased variance accounted for significantly, suggesting that changes in AS may play an important role in the treatment of OCD, and that targeting AS may be beneficial. Limitations and future directions are discussed.
Austin Journal of Sleep Disorders is an open access, peer review Journal publishing original research & review articles in all fields of sleep disorders. Austin Journal of Sleep Disorders provides a new platform for researchers, scientists, scholars and academicians to publish and find recent advances in treatment of sleep disorders.
Austin Journal of Sleep Disorders is a comprehensive Open Access peer reviewed scientific Journal that covers multidisciplinary fields. We provide limitless access towards accessing our literature hub with colossal range of articles. The journal aims to publish high quality varied article types such as Research, Review, Short Communications, Case Reports, Perspectives (Editorials), Clinical Images.
Austin Journal of Sleep Disorders supports the scientific modernization and enrichment of research community by magnifying access to peer reviewed scientific literary works. Austin Publishing Group also brings universally peer reviewed member journals under one roof thereby promoting knowledge sharing, collaborative and promotion of multidisciplinary science.
Reviewing Cognitive Treatment for Eating Disorders: From Standard CBT Efficac...State of Mind
Reviewing Cognitive Treatment for Eating Disorders: From Standard CBT Efficacy to Worry, Rumination and Control Focused Interventions - EACBT 2015 Jerusalem
Scrambler Therapy May Relieve Chronic Neuropathic Pain More Effectively Than Guideline-Based Drug Management: Results of a Pilot, Randomized, Controlled Trial
Outcomes of Online Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Patients With Residual Depressive SymptomsA Randomized Clinical Trial
Zindel V. Segal, PhD1; Sona Dimidjian, PhD2; Arne Beck, PhD3; et alJennifer M. Boggs, PhD3; Rachel Vanderkruik, MA2; Christina A. Metcalf, MA2; Robert Gallop, PhD4; Jennifer N. Felder, PhD5; Joseph Levy, BA2
Author Affiliations
JAMA Psychiatry. Published online January 29, 2020. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.4693
Significance for fasd
Mental Stress Evaluation using an Adaptive ModelIDES Editor
Chronic stress can have serious physiological and
psychological impact on an individual’s health. Wearable
sensor systems can enable physicians to monitor physiological
variables and observe the impact of stress over long periods of
time. To correlate an individual’s physiological measures with
their perception of psychological stress, it is essential that
the stress monitoring system accounts for individual
differences in self-reporting. Self-reporting of stress is highly
subjective as it is dependent on an individual’s perception of
stress and thus prone to errors. In addition, subjects can tailor
their answers to present their behavior more favorably. In
this paper we present an adaptive model which allows recorded
stress scores and physiological variables to be tuned to remove
biases in self-reported scores. The model takes an individual’s
physiological and psychological responses into account and
adapts to the user’s variations. Using our adaptive model,
physiological data is mapped efficiently to perceived stress
levels with 90% accuracy.
Utilizing the ORS in a Community Mental Health Clinic (student outcomes etc) ...Scott Miller
Outcomes of students and professionals were compared. Study found students equally effective or better than experienced therapists when students used the measures. Students who used the measures faithfully to guide practice had significantly better outcomes
Treating Insomnia in Depression Insomnia Related Factors Pred.docxturveycharlyn
Treating Insomnia in Depression: Insomnia Related Factors Predict
Long-Term Depression Trajectories
Bei Bei
Monash University and Royal Women’s Hospital, University of
Melbourne
Lauren D. Asarnow
Stanford University
Andrew Krystal
University of California, San Francisco
Jack D. Edinger
National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, and Duke University
Medical Center
Daniel J. Buysse
University of Pittsburgh
Rachel Manber
Stanford University
Objective: Insomnia and major depressive disorders (MDD) often co-occur, and such comorbidity has
been associated with poorer outcomes for both conditions. However, individual differences in depressive
symptom trajectories during and after treatment are poorly understood in comorbid insomnia and
depression. This study explored the heterogeneity in long-term depression change trajectories, and
examined their correlates, particularly insomnia-related characteristics. Method: Participants were 148
adults (age M � SD � 46.6 � 12.6, 73.0% female) with insomnia and MDD who received antidepressant
pharmacotherapy, and were randomized to 7-session Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia or
control conditions over 16 weeks with 2-year follow-ups. Depression and insomnia severity were
assessed at baseline, biweekly during treatment, and every 4 months thereafter. Sleep effort and beliefs
about sleep were also assessed. Results: Growth mixture modeling revealed three trajectories: (a)
Partial-Responders (68.9%) had moderate symptom reduction during early treatment (p value � .001)
and maintained mild depression during follow-ups. (b) Initial-Responders (17.6%) had marked symptom
reduction during treatment (p values � .001) and low depression severity at posttreatment, but increased
severity over follow-up (p value � .001). (c) Optimal-Responders (13.5%) achieved most gains during
early treatment (p value � .001), continued to improve (p value � .01) and maintained minimal
depression during follow-ups. The classes did not differ significantly on baseline measures or treatment
received, but differed on insomnia-related measures after treatment began (p values � .05): Optimal-
Responders consistently endorsed the lowest insomnia severity, sleep effort, and unhelpful beliefs about
sleep. Conclusions: Three depression symptom trajectories were observed among patients with comorbid
insomnia and MDD. These trajectories were associated with insomnia-related constructs after commenc-
ing treatment. Early changes in insomnia characteristics may predict long-term depression outcomes.
What is the public health significance of this article?
This study identified three distinct depression trajectories in patients with comorbid major depression
and insomnia disorders during treatment and 2-year follow-up. Those with the largest and most
sustained improvements in depression consistently scored the lowest on postbaseline insomnia and
insomnia-related cognitions. Early changes in insomnia symptoms and insomnia-related character ...
Running head VETERANS PTSD CAUSES, TREATMENTS, AND SUPPORT SYSTEM.docxjenkinsmandie
Running head: VETERANS PTSD CAUSES, TREATMENTS, AND SUPPORT SYSTEMS 1
VETERANS PTSD CAUSES, TREATMENTS, AND SUPPORT SYSTEMS 3
Veterans PTSD Causes, Treatments, and Support systems
Veterans PTSD Causes, Treatments, and Support systems
Evaluations on Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) among veterans is imperative for a positive health outcome. The evaluations and analysis of the results ensure that barriers to treatment are addressed and have access to the available support systems. Studies carried out have depicted the successes of the treatments and support programs in the health systems to veterans. Modifications on the systems have also been recommended to combat and control PTSD. Alternative approaches such as computerized systems, natural treatment methods, and home-based systems are also essential in providing a holistic approach in PTSD treatments. Treatment methods success ensures that veterans do not fall victim to depression, which can result in chronic diseases. This can be as a result of negative health behaviors and lifestyles. Understanding the consequences of PTSD among veterans will ensure that approaches utilized offer not only treatment methods but also offer support systems for general wellbeing.
The first source focuses on the treatment and success of three-week outpatient program by “evaluating patterns and predictors of symptom change during a three-week intensive outpatient treatment for veterans with PTSD.” The study is evidence-based on statistics drawn from the program and modifications for optimal success rates. 191 veterans were the participants in the research comprising of a daily group and individual Cognitive Processing Therapy (Zalta et al., 2018). The data was analyzed from the sample cohorts in accordance with military and demographic characteristics. Measures in the study involved treatment engagement as well as comparison of pre-treatment and post-treatment changes (Zalta et al., 2018). The results showed progress in the evaluation of predictors and patterns in treatment changes. Procedures utilized involved group sessions with daily activities for the development of the treatment program. Self-report metrics were also applied in the procedures as control groups were challenging in the study. Modified and intensive outpatient (IOP) treatment to veterans showed high success levels in the program (Zalta et al., 2018).
The second source examines a new treatment in exploring the feasibility of computerized, placebo-controlled, and home-based executive function training (EFT) on psychological and neuropsychological functions. The source titled “Computer-based executive function training for combat veterans with PTSD” shows trials in assessing feasibility and predictors output. The study shows how the functions can be useful in brain activation combating PTSD in veterans. Symptoms experienced after treatment on PTSD cases are stimulated through neural and cognition reactivity, which can be contr.
This poster was prepared by Fabricia while on her "sandwich" year from University in Brazil - she came to work with us at the Oliver Zangwill Centre, worked hard at writing several papers, and prepared several posters and talks for presentation.
Artigo (4) importante para a preparação para o curso de dor lombar crônica. "Características sensoriais da dor lombar crônica inespecífica: uma investigação de subgrupos."
The Role of Anxiety Sensitivity in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Treatment Ou...Rogers Memorial Hospital
Anxiety Sensitivity (AS) is the fear of bodily sensations related to anxiety due to beliefs that they are harmful. While considerable attention has focused on the link between AS and panic disorder, less research has examined AS in OCD. Calamari and colleagues (2008) found that AS was significantly associated with OCD severity, even after controlling for cognitive risk factors. The present study examined changes in AS over the course of treatment in 337 individuals with an OCD diagnosis and Y-BOCS-SR score of 16 or higher. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that all variables significantly decreased from admission to discharge. Adding the ASI change over treatment to the multiple regression increased variance accounted for significantly, suggesting that changes in AS may play an important role in the treatment of OCD, and that targeting AS may be beneficial. Limitations and future directions are discussed.
Austin Journal of Sleep Disorders is an open access, peer review Journal publishing original research & review articles in all fields of sleep disorders. Austin Journal of Sleep Disorders provides a new platform for researchers, scientists, scholars and academicians to publish and find recent advances in treatment of sleep disorders.
Austin Journal of Sleep Disorders is a comprehensive Open Access peer reviewed scientific Journal that covers multidisciplinary fields. We provide limitless access towards accessing our literature hub with colossal range of articles. The journal aims to publish high quality varied article types such as Research, Review, Short Communications, Case Reports, Perspectives (Editorials), Clinical Images.
Austin Journal of Sleep Disorders supports the scientific modernization and enrichment of research community by magnifying access to peer reviewed scientific literary works. Austin Publishing Group also brings universally peer reviewed member journals under one roof thereby promoting knowledge sharing, collaborative and promotion of multidisciplinary science.
Reviewing Cognitive Treatment for Eating Disorders: From Standard CBT Efficac...State of Mind
Reviewing Cognitive Treatment for Eating Disorders: From Standard CBT Efficacy to Worry, Rumination and Control Focused Interventions - EACBT 2015 Jerusalem
Scrambler Therapy May Relieve Chronic Neuropathic Pain More Effectively Than Guideline-Based Drug Management: Results of a Pilot, Randomized, Controlled Trial
Outcomes of Online Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Patients With Residual Depressive SymptomsA Randomized Clinical Trial
Zindel V. Segal, PhD1; Sona Dimidjian, PhD2; Arne Beck, PhD3; et alJennifer M. Boggs, PhD3; Rachel Vanderkruik, MA2; Christina A. Metcalf, MA2; Robert Gallop, PhD4; Jennifer N. Felder, PhD5; Joseph Levy, BA2
Author Affiliations
JAMA Psychiatry. Published online January 29, 2020. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.4693
Significance for fasd
Mental Stress Evaluation using an Adaptive ModelIDES Editor
Chronic stress can have serious physiological and
psychological impact on an individual’s health. Wearable
sensor systems can enable physicians to monitor physiological
variables and observe the impact of stress over long periods of
time. To correlate an individual’s physiological measures with
their perception of psychological stress, it is essential that
the stress monitoring system accounts for individual
differences in self-reporting. Self-reporting of stress is highly
subjective as it is dependent on an individual’s perception of
stress and thus prone to errors. In addition, subjects can tailor
their answers to present their behavior more favorably. In
this paper we present an adaptive model which allows recorded
stress scores and physiological variables to be tuned to remove
biases in self-reported scores. The model takes an individual’s
physiological and psychological responses into account and
adapts to the user’s variations. Using our adaptive model,
physiological data is mapped efficiently to perceived stress
levels with 90% accuracy.
Utilizing the ORS in a Community Mental Health Clinic (student outcomes etc) ...Scott Miller
Outcomes of students and professionals were compared. Study found students equally effective or better than experienced therapists when students used the measures. Students who used the measures faithfully to guide practice had significantly better outcomes
Treating Insomnia in Depression Insomnia Related Factors Pred.docxturveycharlyn
Treating Insomnia in Depression: Insomnia Related Factors Predict
Long-Term Depression Trajectories
Bei Bei
Monash University and Royal Women’s Hospital, University of
Melbourne
Lauren D. Asarnow
Stanford University
Andrew Krystal
University of California, San Francisco
Jack D. Edinger
National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, and Duke University
Medical Center
Daniel J. Buysse
University of Pittsburgh
Rachel Manber
Stanford University
Objective: Insomnia and major depressive disorders (MDD) often co-occur, and such comorbidity has
been associated with poorer outcomes for both conditions. However, individual differences in depressive
symptom trajectories during and after treatment are poorly understood in comorbid insomnia and
depression. This study explored the heterogeneity in long-term depression change trajectories, and
examined their correlates, particularly insomnia-related characteristics. Method: Participants were 148
adults (age M � SD � 46.6 � 12.6, 73.0% female) with insomnia and MDD who received antidepressant
pharmacotherapy, and were randomized to 7-session Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia or
control conditions over 16 weeks with 2-year follow-ups. Depression and insomnia severity were
assessed at baseline, biweekly during treatment, and every 4 months thereafter. Sleep effort and beliefs
about sleep were also assessed. Results: Growth mixture modeling revealed three trajectories: (a)
Partial-Responders (68.9%) had moderate symptom reduction during early treatment (p value � .001)
and maintained mild depression during follow-ups. (b) Initial-Responders (17.6%) had marked symptom
reduction during treatment (p values � .001) and low depression severity at posttreatment, but increased
severity over follow-up (p value � .001). (c) Optimal-Responders (13.5%) achieved most gains during
early treatment (p value � .001), continued to improve (p value � .01) and maintained minimal
depression during follow-ups. The classes did not differ significantly on baseline measures or treatment
received, but differed on insomnia-related measures after treatment began (p values � .05): Optimal-
Responders consistently endorsed the lowest insomnia severity, sleep effort, and unhelpful beliefs about
sleep. Conclusions: Three depression symptom trajectories were observed among patients with comorbid
insomnia and MDD. These trajectories were associated with insomnia-related constructs after commenc-
ing treatment. Early changes in insomnia characteristics may predict long-term depression outcomes.
What is the public health significance of this article?
This study identified three distinct depression trajectories in patients with comorbid major depression
and insomnia disorders during treatment and 2-year follow-up. Those with the largest and most
sustained improvements in depression consistently scored the lowest on postbaseline insomnia and
insomnia-related cognitions. Early changes in insomnia symptoms and insomnia-related character ...
Running head VETERANS PTSD CAUSES, TREATMENTS, AND SUPPORT SYSTEM.docxjenkinsmandie
Running head: VETERANS PTSD CAUSES, TREATMENTS, AND SUPPORT SYSTEMS 1
VETERANS PTSD CAUSES, TREATMENTS, AND SUPPORT SYSTEMS 3
Veterans PTSD Causes, Treatments, and Support systems
Veterans PTSD Causes, Treatments, and Support systems
Evaluations on Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) among veterans is imperative for a positive health outcome. The evaluations and analysis of the results ensure that barriers to treatment are addressed and have access to the available support systems. Studies carried out have depicted the successes of the treatments and support programs in the health systems to veterans. Modifications on the systems have also been recommended to combat and control PTSD. Alternative approaches such as computerized systems, natural treatment methods, and home-based systems are also essential in providing a holistic approach in PTSD treatments. Treatment methods success ensures that veterans do not fall victim to depression, which can result in chronic diseases. This can be as a result of negative health behaviors and lifestyles. Understanding the consequences of PTSD among veterans will ensure that approaches utilized offer not only treatment methods but also offer support systems for general wellbeing.
The first source focuses on the treatment and success of three-week outpatient program by “evaluating patterns and predictors of symptom change during a three-week intensive outpatient treatment for veterans with PTSD.” The study is evidence-based on statistics drawn from the program and modifications for optimal success rates. 191 veterans were the participants in the research comprising of a daily group and individual Cognitive Processing Therapy (Zalta et al., 2018). The data was analyzed from the sample cohorts in accordance with military and demographic characteristics. Measures in the study involved treatment engagement as well as comparison of pre-treatment and post-treatment changes (Zalta et al., 2018). The results showed progress in the evaluation of predictors and patterns in treatment changes. Procedures utilized involved group sessions with daily activities for the development of the treatment program. Self-report metrics were also applied in the procedures as control groups were challenging in the study. Modified and intensive outpatient (IOP) treatment to veterans showed high success levels in the program (Zalta et al., 2018).
The second source examines a new treatment in exploring the feasibility of computerized, placebo-controlled, and home-based executive function training (EFT) on psychological and neuropsychological functions. The source titled “Computer-based executive function training for combat veterans with PTSD” shows trials in assessing feasibility and predictors output. The study shows how the functions can be useful in brain activation combating PTSD in veterans. Symptoms experienced after treatment on PTSD cases are stimulated through neural and cognition reactivity, which can be contr.
Running head VETERANS PTSD CAUSES, TREATMENTS, AND SUPPORT SYSTEM.docxrtodd599
Running head: VETERANS PTSD CAUSES, TREATMENTS, AND SUPPORT SYSTEMS 1
VETERANS PTSD CAUSES, TREATMENTS, AND SUPPORT SYSTEMS 3
Veterans PTSD Causes, Treatments, and Support systems
Yoan Collado
Carlos Albizu University
Veterans PTSD Causes, Treatments, and Support systems
Evaluations on Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) among veterans is imperative for a positive health outcome. The evaluations and analysis of the results ensure that barriers to treatment are addressed and have access to the available support systems. Studies carried out have depicted the successes of the treatments and support programs in the health systems to veterans. Modifications on the systems have also been recommended to combat and control PTSD. Alternative approaches such as computerized systems, natural treatment methods, and home-based systems are also essential in providing a holistic approach in PTSD treatments. Treatment methods success ensures that veterans do not fall victim to depression, which can result in chronic diseases. This can be as a result of negative health behaviors and lifestyles. Understanding the consequences of PTSD among veterans will ensure that approaches utilized offer not only treatment methods but also offer support systems for general wellbeing.
The first source focuses on the treatment and success of three-week outpatient program by “evaluating patterns and predictors of symptom change during a three-week intensive outpatient treatment for veterans with PTSD.” The study is evidence-based on statistics drawn from the program and modifications for optimal success rates. 191 veterans were the participants in the research comprising of a daily group and individual Cognitive Processing Therapy (Zalta et al., 2018). The data was analyzed from the sample cohorts in accordance with military and demographic characteristics. Measures in the study involved treatment engagement as well as comparison of pre-treatment and post-treatment changes (Zalta et al., 2018). The results showed progress in the evaluation of predictors and patterns in treatment changes. Procedures utilized involved group sessions with daily activities for the development of the treatment program. Self-report metrics were also applied in the procedures as control groups were challenging in the study. Modified and intensive outpatient (IOP) treatment to veterans showed high success levels in the program (Zalta et al., 2018).
The second source examines a new treatment in exploring the feasibility of computerized, placebo-controlled, and home-based executive function training (EFT) on psychological and neuropsychological functions. The source titled “Computer-based executive function training for combat veterans with PTSD” shows trials in assessing feasibility and predictors output. The study shows how the functions can be useful in brain activation combating PTSD in veterans. Symptoms experienced after treatment on PTSD cases are stimulated through neural and c.
Somatic Experiencing: Reduction of Depression and Anxiety in Homeless Adults ...Michael Changaris
This is a brief 7 page version of dissertation presented for completion of doctorate. The study found some implications for reduction of symptoms of depression and anxiety in homeless adults. Limitations are number of sessions attended (1.33 average), population heterogeneity and small sample size.
The Psychological Changes of Horticultura Therapy Intervention for Elderly Women of Earthquake-Related Areas
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159`
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
Comparing Mindfulness and Psychoeducation Treatments forComb.docxbartholomeocoombs
Comparing Mindfulness and Psychoeducation Treatments for
Combat-Related PTSD Using a Telehealth Approach
Barbara L. Niles
National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and
Veterans Administration (VA) Boston Healthcare System,
Boston, Massachusetts, and Boston University
Julie Klunk–Gillis and Donna J. Ryngala
National Center for PTSD and VA Boston Healthcare System,
Boston, Massachusetts
Amy K. Silberbogen
VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, and
Boston University
Amy Paysnick
National Center for PTSD and VA Boston Healthcare System,
Boston, Massachusetts
Erika J. Wolf
National Center for PTSD and VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston,
Massachusetts, and Boston University
This pilot study examined two telehealth interventions to address symptoms of combat-related posttrau-
matic stress disorder (PTSD) in veterans. Thirty-three male combat veterans were randomly assigned to
one of two telehealth treatment conditions: mindfulness or psychoeducation. In both conditions, partic-
ipants completed 8 weeks of telehealth treatment (two sessions in person followed by six sessions over
the telephone) and three assessments (pretreatment, posttreatment, and 6-week follow-up). The mind-
fulness treatment was based on the tenets of mindfulness-based stress reduction and the psychoeducation
manual was based on commonly used psychoeducation materials for PTSD. Results for the 24 partici-
pants who completed all assessments indicate that: (1) Telehealth appears to be a feasible mode for
delivery of PTSD treatment for veterans; (2) Veterans with PTSD are able to tolerate and report high
satisfaction with a brief mindfulness intervention; (3) Participation in the mindfulness intervention is
associated with a temporary reduction in PTSD symptoms; and (4) A brief mindfulness treatment may
not be of adequate intensity to sustain effects on PTSD symptoms.
Keywords: PTSD, mindfulness, Telehealth
The ongoing wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have intensified the
need for effective psychological interventions to assist veterans
returning from war. In addition to the nearly half million veterans
from Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom
(OEF/OIF) estimated to have posttraumatic stress disorder
(PTSD), a substantial portion of the five million other Veterans
Health Administration (VHA) patients also suffer from PTSD
related to military experiences (VHA Office of Public Health,
2009). Military-related PTSD is associated with psychosocial and
health ailments that severely impact veterans and tax the VHA
system and society at large. Veterans with chronic PTSD manifest
myriad impairments in functioning, such as problems in family
relationships (Riggs, Byrne, Weathers, & Litz, 1998), unemploy-
ment and income disparities (Sanderson & Andrews, 2006; Savoca
& Rosenheck, 2000), and increased morbidity (O’Toole, Catts,
Outram, Pierse, & Cockburn, 2009) and mortality (Boscarino,
2006).
Although evidence-based treatments for PTS.
Comparing Mindfulness and Psychoeducation Treatments forComb.docxannette228280
Comparing Mindfulness and Psychoeducation Treatments for
Combat-Related PTSD Using a Telehealth Approach
Barbara L. Niles
National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and
Veterans Administration (VA) Boston Healthcare System,
Boston, Massachusetts, and Boston University
Julie Klunk–Gillis and Donna J. Ryngala
National Center for PTSD and VA Boston Healthcare System,
Boston, Massachusetts
Amy K. Silberbogen
VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, and
Boston University
Amy Paysnick
National Center for PTSD and VA Boston Healthcare System,
Boston, Massachusetts
Erika J. Wolf
National Center for PTSD and VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston,
Massachusetts, and Boston University
This pilot study examined two telehealth interventions to address symptoms of combat-related posttrau-
matic stress disorder (PTSD) in veterans. Thirty-three male combat veterans were randomly assigned to
one of two telehealth treatment conditions: mindfulness or psychoeducation. In both conditions, partic-
ipants completed 8 weeks of telehealth treatment (two sessions in person followed by six sessions over
the telephone) and three assessments (pretreatment, posttreatment, and 6-week follow-up). The mind-
fulness treatment was based on the tenets of mindfulness-based stress reduction and the psychoeducation
manual was based on commonly used psychoeducation materials for PTSD. Results for the 24 partici-
pants who completed all assessments indicate that: (1) Telehealth appears to be a feasible mode for
delivery of PTSD treatment for veterans; (2) Veterans with PTSD are able to tolerate and report high
satisfaction with a brief mindfulness intervention; (3) Participation in the mindfulness intervention is
associated with a temporary reduction in PTSD symptoms; and (4) A brief mindfulness treatment may
not be of adequate intensity to sustain effects on PTSD symptoms.
Keywords: PTSD, mindfulness, Telehealth
The ongoing wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have intensified the
need for effective psychological interventions to assist veterans
returning from war. In addition to the nearly half million veterans
from Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom
(OEF/OIF) estimated to have posttraumatic stress disorder
(PTSD), a substantial portion of the five million other Veterans
Health Administration (VHA) patients also suffer from PTSD
related to military experiences (VHA Office of Public Health,
2009). Military-related PTSD is associated with psychosocial and
health ailments that severely impact veterans and tax the VHA
system and society at large. Veterans with chronic PTSD manifest
myriad impairments in functioning, such as problems in family
relationships (Riggs, Byrne, Weathers, & Litz, 1998), unemploy-
ment and income disparities (Sanderson & Andrews, 2006; Savoca
& Rosenheck, 2000), and increased morbidity (O’Toole, Catts,
Outram, Pierse, & Cockburn, 2009) and mortality (Boscarino,
2006).
Although evidence-based treatments for PTS.
Neuropsychological assessment
Kevin Atkinson, Bella Baron, Shonda Green, Bonita Hill, Ruby Lee, Brian McCullough, & Jessica Williams
Psych/655
March 30, 2020
Professor Dina Francisco
Introduction
Bonita
The purpose of this presentation we will discuss the purpose and magnitude of this instrument for those that suffer with PTSD. Also, express strongly about the use and legal consideration for this instrument. Finally, we want to explain ethical use of this instrument. Should there be any concerns after this presentation our team will be glad to assist with any questions.
The purpose of this presentation to give the audience more detail information regarding clinician Administered on the PTSD Scale. The PTSD scale was established in 1989 for the U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs National Center for PTSD. The definition and analytic criteria of PTSD, that CAPS has been modified to the DSM-5 criteria,4 and has proved excellent psychometric properties when linked to its previous form. In other words, scholars have been improving a great deal of knowledge regarding individual who suffers from PTSD. Research found that post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been challenging in academic and clinical study. PTSD play a major part that relate to individual that suffer with this illness for example, death, traumatic event, witness a death, and sexual event. Ehlersand Clark’s cognitive model of PTSD 3,4 advanced the negative interpretations of the traumatic memory outcomes in heightened level of stress. In other words when a person rumination about certain tragedies their level of stress becoming more stressful.
2
Clinician-Administered PTSD scale
for dsm-5 (caps-5)
(kevin)
Clinician-Administered PTSD scale
for dsm-5 (caps-5)
(kevin)
Purpose of the caps-5 (bella)
Trauma
PTSD
CAPS-5
U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs
https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.va.gov%2Fimg%2Fdesign%2Flogo%2Fva-og-twitter-image.png&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.va.gov%2F&tbnid=LAWc9vWdLRtpdM&vet=12ahUKEwj-iNrl8rvoAhWGVjABHSpuD3gQMygCegUIARD7AQ..i&docid=qqLiDhLo7LS38M&w=1200&h=1200&q=us%20department%20of%20veterans%20affairs&client=safari&ved=2ahUKEwj-iNrl8rvoAhWGVjABHSpuD3gQMygCegUIARD7AQ
Trauma, in psychology, refers to a a wide range of intensifying stressful situations where an individual is exposed to increased levels of danger and fear where the intensity of the fear exceeds a normal capacity to cope (Fairbank, Ebert, & Caddel, 2004). These stressful situations are so intense that they cause increased symptoms of distress, because these experiences are outside of the range of normal human experience (Fairbank, Ebert & Caddel, 2004). Some examples of these uncommon, yet catastrophic events include, but is not limited to, war, sexual assault/rape, natural disasters, and torture. Evidence based practice requires careful assessment. While an initial assessment assist with treatment options, periodic assessments throughout care ca ...
Neuropsychological assessment
Kevin Atkinson, Bella Baron, Shonda Green, Bonita Hill, Ruby Lee, Brian McCullough, & Jessica Williams
Psych/655
March 30, 2020
Professor Dina Francisco
Introduction
Bonita
The purpose of this presentation we will discuss the purpose and magnitude of this instrument for those that suffer with PTSD. Also, express strongly about the use and legal consideration for this instrument. Finally, we want to explain ethical use of this instrument. Should there be any concerns after this presentation our team will be glad to assist with any questions.
The purpose of this presentation to give the audience more detail information regarding clinician Administered on the PTSD Scale. The PTSD scale was established in 1989 for the U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs National Center for PTSD. The definition and analytic criteria of PTSD, that CAPS has been modified to the DSM-5 criteria,4 and has proved excellent psychometric properties when linked to its previous form. In other words, scholars have been improving a great deal of knowledge regarding individual who suffers from PTSD. Research found that post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been challenging in academic and clinical study. PTSD play a major part that relate to individual that suffer with this illness for example, death, traumatic event, witness a death, and sexual event. Ehlersand Clark’s cognitive model of PTSD 3,4 advanced the negative interpretations of the traumatic memory outcomes in heightened level of stress. In other words when a person rumination about certain tragedies their level of stress becoming more stressful.
2
Clinician-Administered PTSD scale
for dsm-5 (caps-5)
(kevin)
Clinician-Administered PTSD scale
for dsm-5 (caps-5)
(kevin)
Purpose of the caps-5 (bella)
Trauma
PTSD
CAPS-5
U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs
https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.va.gov%2Fimg%2Fdesign%2Flogo%2Fva-og-twitter-image.png&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.va.gov%2F&tbnid=LAWc9vWdLRtpdM&vet=12ahUKEwj-iNrl8rvoAhWGVjABHSpuD3gQMygCegUIARD7AQ..i&docid=qqLiDhLo7LS38M&w=1200&h=1200&q=us%20department%20of%20veterans%20affairs&client=safari&ved=2ahUKEwj-iNrl8rvoAhWGVjABHSpuD3gQMygCegUIARD7AQ
Trauma, in psychology, refers to a a wide range of intensifying stressful situations where an individual is exposed to increased levels of danger and fear where the intensity of the fear exceeds a normal capacity to cope (Fairbank, Ebert, & Caddel, 2004). These stressful situations are so intense that they cause increased symptoms of distress, because these experiences are outside of the range of normal human experience (Fairbank, Ebert & Caddel, 2004). Some examples of these uncommon, yet catastrophic events include, but is not limited to, war, sexual assault/rape, natural disasters, and torture. Evidence based practice requires careful assessment. While an initial assessment assist with treatment options, periodic assessments throughout care ca.
1PAGE 21. What is the question the authors are asking .docxfelicidaddinwoodie
1
PAGE
2
1. What is the question the authors are asking?
They asked about a reduction in judgmental biases regarding the cost and probability associated with adverse social events as they are presumed as being mechanisms for the treatment of Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD). Also, the authors poised on the changes in judgmental biases as mechanisms to explain cognitive-behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder. On top of that, they stated that methodological limitations extant studies highlight the possibility that rather than causing symptom relief, a significant reduction in judgmental biases tends to be consequences of it or correlate. Considerably, they expected cost bias at mid-treatment to be a predictor of the treatment outcome.
2. Why do the authors believe this question is important?
According to the authors, this question was relevant as methodological limitations of present studies reflect on the possibility that instead of causing symptom belief, a significant reduction in judgmental biases can be consequences or correlated to it. Additionally, they ought to ascertain the judgment bias between treated and non-treated participants. Significantly, this was important as they had to determine the impact of pre and post changes in cost and probability of the treatment outcomes. But, probability bias at mid-treatment was a predictor of the treatment outcome contrary to the cost bias at mid-treatment that could not be identified as a significant predictor of the treatment outcome.
3. How do they try to answer this question?
They conducted a study to evaluate the significant changes in judgmental bias as aspects of cognitive-behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorders. To do this, they conducted a study using information from two treatment studies; an uncontrolled trial observing amygdala activity as a response to VRE (Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy) with the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging and a randomized control trial that compared Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy with Exposure Group Therapy for SAD. A total of 86 individuals who met the DSM-IV-TR criteria for the diagnosis of non-generalized (n=46) and generalized (n=40) SAD participated. After completing eight weeks of the treatment protocol, the participants who identified public speaking as their most fearsome social situation were included. The SCID (Structured clinical interview for the DSM-IV) was used to ascertain diagnostic and eligibility status on Axis 1 conditions within substance abuse, mood and anxiety disorder modules. The social anxiety measures were measured with the use of BFNE (Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation), a self-reporting questioner that examined the degree to which persons fear to be assessed by other across different social settings. Additionally, the OPQ (Outcome Probability Questionnaire) self-reporting questionnaire was used to evaluate individual’s estimate on the probability that adverse, threatening events will occur at t ...
Similar to ACT for Complex trauma: Comparing impacts of ACT and Exposure Therapy (20)
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
The Gram stain is a fundamental technique in microbiology used to classify bacteria based on their cell wall structure. It provides a quick and simple method to distinguish between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which have different susceptibilities to antibiotics
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
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Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
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ACT for Complex trauma: Comparing impacts of ACT and Exposure Therapy
1. ACT for Complex trauma:
Comparing impacts of ACT and Exposure Therapy
Nathalia Vargas Psy. D. 1 2; Michel Reyes Psy. D. 1 2; Edgar Miguel Miranda Terres Ms C 1 2 Elsa Mediana Mendez 3 ´
ACBS, Annual World Conference 13 Berlin, 2015
1 Contextual Science and Therapy Institute
2 National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente
3 Private Practive
Introduction.
According the DSM- 5, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is
characterized by intense, prolonged psychological anguish, accompanied by
intrusive physiological symptoms and avoidance of the matters associated
with the traumatizing event. The etiology of this syndrome is believed to be a
specific event and it is manifested in three main types of symptomology: re-
experience, avoidance and activation (American Psychiatric Association,
2013). Moreover, PTSD is associated with poor overall functioning and low
quality of life (Monson, Taft & Fredman, 2009). The purpose of this study was
to compare the effectiveness of ACT and Exposure Therapy (exp.) over the
course of six months.
Method.
Twenty users who met the eligibility criteria were chosen and assessed by
the complex psychological trauma service (INPRF) and subsequently invited
to an initial appointment where they were invited to participate in the study.
Once the sample group was established, the participants were assigned
randomly to treatment groups. Participants who met the following criteria : 1)
subjects of either sex; 2) age: 18 to 45; 3) previously diagnosed by National
Institute of Psychiatry (INPRF) as sufferer of complex trauma; 4) multiple
episodes of interpersonal trauma; 5) a six-month period without any
psychological intervention; 6) commitment to attend weekly treatment
session. Subjects were rated ineligible for the following reasons: a) having
had more than six months of psychological treatment; b) drug addiction (drug
abuse was not a disqualifier); c) diagnosed schizophrenia, bipolar disorder,
delirious ideation disorder, acute psychosis, obsessive-compulsive disorder
and eating disorders. One week before the intervention, subjects were
assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (Beck, 1988; Robles, Varela,
Jurado & Páez, 2001)., the Quality of Life and Health Inventory (Riveros,
Sánchez Sosa & Groves, 2003) and Post-Traumatic Stress Syndrome
Symptoms Checklist (Weathers, Litz, Herman, Huska & Keane, 1993;
Vargas, Reyes & Miranda, 2015). One week before the end of treatment,
subjects of both groups were again assessed using the aforementioned
instruments.Figure. 1
Sampling election
Finished
N= 9
Finished
N= 8
ACT ( 3 months)
n= 9
Exp ( 3 months)
n= 2
=Stop=
ACT ( 6 months)
n= 9
Evaluated for Sample
n= 50
Inclusion criteria n= 24
Randomization
ACT
n= 10
Exp
n= 9
The sample consisted of 19 female subjects diagnosed with complex
trauma (See figure one), ranging in age from 18 to 48 years-old, with an
average age and scholarity of 34 years and high school diploma. The mean
age when the initial traumatic event occurred was at 13 years-old. The
types of trauma are listed in Table one.
Table.1
Types of trauma
Frequency Percent
Rape (one episode) 1 5.6
Child Sexual Abuse 6 33.3
multiple sexual assaults 1 5.6
Multiple rape
2 11.1
Domestic Violence 1 5.6
Domestic Violence + Child Sexual
Abuse
5 27.8
child prostitution 1 5.6
Kidnapping 1 5.6
Total 18 100.0
Results
A t-student test was run to compare the total average scores for post-
traumatic stress syndrome, depression and quality of life scores before and
after the treatment intervention. This analysis yielded significant statistical
differences that can be seen in table two.
Table. 2
t-student test for PTSD, Depression and Quality of Life
Pre Post T gl sig.
PTSD
ACT 60.60 36.10 5.093 9 .001
Exp 67.56 35.22 8.242 8 .000
Depression
ACT 34.40 8.40 7.095 9 .000
EXP 38.00 9.44 5.695 0 .000
Quality of Life
ACT 111.10 159.40 -5.287 9 .001
EXP 119.00 136.56 -1.122 8 .294
An analysis of the results provided in table two demonstrate that both
intervention approaches significantly reduce traumatic and depressive
symptomologies, though only the ACT approach exerted a significant change
in quality of life of the subjects (See figure two).
2. Figure. 2
PTSD, Depression and Quality of Life before and after the treatments
Because the sample presented for the first and second follow up of the ET
were not comparable, only the ACT group data could be analyzed over
entire course of six month intervention. An analysis of the Act group data
gathered shows that symptomology remains largely stable and then
lessens over this period of time for PTSD
Figure. 3
PTSD, Depression over six months
Figure. 4
Quality of life over six months
Discussion
Both the ACT and the ET approaches lessened symptoms of post-
traumatic stress and depression after intervention; however only ACT
showed any increase in quality of life. Moreover, with ACT post-
traumatic stress symptoms continued to diminish with the passage of
time. Because of the death of one of the subjects, this dimension was
not assessed for the ET group.
From a theoretical standpoint of habituation, Exposure Therapy serves
only to diminish symptoms and does not address skills or behavioral
strategies for coping with prolonged post-traumatic stress
symptomologies and associated health issues. This study sheds light on
the usefulness and limitations of these therapeutic approaches;
however, more research is needed to support our findings. Moreover,
mixed approaches should be employed in order to gather data on the
variables intervening in the post-intervention measures.
References
American Psychiatric Association (2013). Guía de consulta de los
criterios diagnóstico del DSM-5. Arlington, VA
Monson, C.M., Schnurr, P.P., Resick, P.A., Friedman, M.J., Young-Xu,
Y., Stevens, S.P., et al. (2005, November). Cognitive processing therapy
for military-related PTSD. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the
Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies, Washington, DC.
Monson, C. M., Taft, C. T., & Fredman, S. J. (2009). Military-related
PTSD and intimate relationships: From description to theory-driven data
and intervention development. Clinical Psychology Review, 29, 707-714.
doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2009.09.002
Weathers, F., Litz, B., Herman, D., Huska, J., & Keane, T. (October
1993). The PTSD Checklist (PCL): Reliability, Validity, and Diagnostic
Utility. Paper presented at the Annual Convention of the International
Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, San Antonio, TX. NOTE: Due to
some confusion over versions of the PCL for DSM-IV, some of the
published papers state that the PCL-C was used in this study, but the
authors have confirmed that the PCL-S was the version actually used
8.00
58.00
108.00
158.00
ACT Exp ACT EXP ACT EXP
PTSD Depression Quality of
Life
Pre Post
Pre Post
three
Months
Six
Months
PTSD 59.44 33.22 36.00 31.00
DEPRESSION 33.667 6.778 6.778 5.556
5.00
15.00
25.00
35.00
45.00
55.00
Over Six Months
Pre Post three Months Six Months
Series1 116.556 165.556 162.889 161.88
100
120
140
160
180 Quality Of Life
d=3.9
d=5.8
d=4.7
d=4.02
d=-3.5
d=-0.79
Vargas, Reyes, Miranda & Medina, ACBS, Annual World Conference 13 Berlin, 2015