ACIAR funds collaborative forestry research in Asia across four thematic areas - tree growing, sustainable forest management, efficient and sustainable forest industries, and climate change mitigation and adaptation - with a main focus on smallholder livelihoods, germplasm, agroforestry, plantations, pests and diseases, value-adding processing, and non-timber forest products. ACIAR has assisted forestry research in Vietnam, Indonesia, Laos, China, and Nepal, building research capacity and generating high returns, with research in Vietnam achieving a 32% internal rate of return and 79:1 benefit-cost ratio, and research in Indonesia achieving a 54% internal rate of return and 322:1 benefit-