Describes two cultural transformations within the same group, between different social groups or at Individual Levels by providing some examles of these cultural changes.
1. Culture refers to the learned behaviors, beliefs, and customs that are shared by a society or group. It includes both tangible aspects like objects and intangible aspects like values.
2. Cultural values and norms shape how members of a culture behave and interact in their daily lives. Different cultures have different values and norms.
3. Socialization is the process by which people learn the culture of their society, including values, norms, and social roles. It occurs primarily through family and later through other groups and institutions.
This document discusses cultural relativism and ethnocentrism. It aims to describe one's own culture and compare it to others, explain the differences between ethnocentrism and cultural relativism, demonstrate the harmful effects of ethnocentrism, and how cultural relativism mitigates ethnocentrism. Ethnocentrism is the belief that one's own culture is superior, while cultural relativism is the belief that all cultures are equally complex and there is no superior culture. Cultural relativism promotes greater appreciation of other cultures and mitigates the negative effects of ethnocentrism like discrimination.
This document discusses the functions and importance of education in Philippine society. It defines education as a social institution that transmits knowledge, skills, and cultural norms to its members. It outlines the history of the Philippine educational system under Spanish and American rule, focusing on the transmission of religion, English language, and democratic values. The document also describes the formal, non-formal, and informal types of education and their purposes in developing productive citizens and self-actualization. Primary education is highlighted as a fundamental human right essential for adapting to society.
Cultural relativism holds that beliefs and ethics are relative to the individual's social context, so there are no universal moral truths. Ethnocentrism views one's own culture as superior. The document discusses differences in marriage ages, eye contact norms, and whether practices like female genital mutilation can be condemned despite being culturally accepted in some places. While cultural relativism says not to judge other cultures, some argue practices like FGM pose significant health risks and oppress women.
Culture is defined in several ways by different scholars. Linton viewed culture as learned behaviors and elements shared and transmitted within a society. Taylor saw culture as a complex whole including knowledge, beliefs, arts, and habits acquired as a member of a society. Kasper referred to culture as patterns from literature, language, music, sculpture, and art.
Culture is learned as people acquire it through experience rather than being born with it. Culture is a group product that is transmitted between generations and is continually changing and adapting. Folkways are customary behaviors, and mores embody a group's fundamental values. Cultural norms establish standards of thought and conduct. Sub-cultures accept some larger cultural norms but also have their own
Culture refers to the behaviors, customs, and way of life of a society or group. It includes both tangible aspects like objects and symbols, as well as intangible aspects like beliefs, ideas, and values. Every culture is defined by what is considered important and desirable, as well as social norms that embody cultural values. The transmission of culture over time occurs through socialization, where children learn the behaviors and ways of life of their society from family and other social institutions like schools. Different cultures may have conflicting or contradictory values, and encountering new cultures can feel disorienting due to the loss of familiar social norms.
Cultures are dynamic, flexible, and adaptive. They are shared through socialization but can also be contested. Culture is learned not innate, through socialization and enculturation like family, community, media, and religion. It involves patterned social interactions and an integrated system of language and communication. Cultural relativism recognizes no culture is superior and evaluates other cultures in their own context to mitigate ethnocentrism.
1. Culture refers to the learned behaviors, beliefs, and customs that are shared by a society or group. It includes both tangible aspects like objects and intangible aspects like values.
2. Cultural values and norms shape how members of a culture behave and interact in their daily lives. Different cultures have different values and norms.
3. Socialization is the process by which people learn the culture of their society, including values, norms, and social roles. It occurs primarily through family and later through other groups and institutions.
This document discusses cultural relativism and ethnocentrism. It aims to describe one's own culture and compare it to others, explain the differences between ethnocentrism and cultural relativism, demonstrate the harmful effects of ethnocentrism, and how cultural relativism mitigates ethnocentrism. Ethnocentrism is the belief that one's own culture is superior, while cultural relativism is the belief that all cultures are equally complex and there is no superior culture. Cultural relativism promotes greater appreciation of other cultures and mitigates the negative effects of ethnocentrism like discrimination.
This document discusses the functions and importance of education in Philippine society. It defines education as a social institution that transmits knowledge, skills, and cultural norms to its members. It outlines the history of the Philippine educational system under Spanish and American rule, focusing on the transmission of religion, English language, and democratic values. The document also describes the formal, non-formal, and informal types of education and their purposes in developing productive citizens and self-actualization. Primary education is highlighted as a fundamental human right essential for adapting to society.
Cultural relativism holds that beliefs and ethics are relative to the individual's social context, so there are no universal moral truths. Ethnocentrism views one's own culture as superior. The document discusses differences in marriage ages, eye contact norms, and whether practices like female genital mutilation can be condemned despite being culturally accepted in some places. While cultural relativism says not to judge other cultures, some argue practices like FGM pose significant health risks and oppress women.
Culture is defined in several ways by different scholars. Linton viewed culture as learned behaviors and elements shared and transmitted within a society. Taylor saw culture as a complex whole including knowledge, beliefs, arts, and habits acquired as a member of a society. Kasper referred to culture as patterns from literature, language, music, sculpture, and art.
Culture is learned as people acquire it through experience rather than being born with it. Culture is a group product that is transmitted between generations and is continually changing and adapting. Folkways are customary behaviors, and mores embody a group's fundamental values. Cultural norms establish standards of thought and conduct. Sub-cultures accept some larger cultural norms but also have their own
Culture refers to the behaviors, customs, and way of life of a society or group. It includes both tangible aspects like objects and symbols, as well as intangible aspects like beliefs, ideas, and values. Every culture is defined by what is considered important and desirable, as well as social norms that embody cultural values. The transmission of culture over time occurs through socialization, where children learn the behaviors and ways of life of their society from family and other social institutions like schools. Different cultures may have conflicting or contradictory values, and encountering new cultures can feel disorienting due to the loss of familiar social norms.
Cultures are dynamic, flexible, and adaptive. They are shared through socialization but can also be contested. Culture is learned not innate, through socialization and enculturation like family, community, media, and religion. It involves patterned social interactions and an integrated system of language and communication. Cultural relativism recognizes no culture is superior and evaluates other cultures in their own context to mitigate ethnocentrism.
This document discusses the context, processes, and consequences of socialization. It defines socialization as the process by which new members of a society learn the norms, values, and behaviors expected of them. The context of socialization includes the biological, psychological, and social factors. The processes include explicit instruction, conditioning, modeling, and internalization. The consequences can include learning behaviors, attitudes, values, language, and cultural rules. Socialization occurs through various agents like family, schools, peers and media.
Chapter 1: STARTING POINT FOR THE UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICA...Angelita Montilla
ย
This document provides an overview of culture, society, and political identities. It discusses cultural diversity and the different types of social stratification like caste, class, estate, and slavery. Regarding political identities, it outlines various forms of government around the world such as parliamentary republics, presidential republics, and constitutional monarchies. The significance of studying these topics through social sciences like anthropology, sociology, and political science is also highlighted. Anthropology examines culture and human evolution and development. Sociology studies relationships within society. Political science analyzes political systems and behavior.
Ethnocentrism is judging other cultures based solely on one's own cultural values and standards. It often involves feelings of cultural superiority and contempt for outsiders. Cultural relativism emerged in response and is the principle that cultural practices should be understood within their own cultural context rather than being viewed as absolutely right or wrong. It acknowledges that people are shaped by their own cultures and may have difficulty understanding cultures different than their own.
This document discusses how society is organized into groups. It defines social groups as collections of interdependent individuals who pursue shared goals. Primary groups are small, intimate groups involving face-to-face interaction over long periods of time, while secondary groups are larger and less intimate with more impersonal, objective-focused relationships over shorter times. Self-categorization theory holds that people define their own group membership based on how they perceive non-members of out-groups compared to their in-group. Social groups are important as they transmit culture, exert social control, socialize individuals, generate ideas, and facilitate communication.
The document discusses different perspectives on the self, including:
1) The self is not a static entity but something constantly shaped by external influences according to social constructivists. There is a merged view of a person and their social context.
2) According to anthropologist Marcel Mauss, the self has two aspects: moi (basic identity) and personne (social roles that vary based on context like family or culture).
3) Children develop social skills through language use and interaction with others, according to theorists Mead and Vygotsky. The self is shaped by one's family and the resources available to them.
Culture is learned through human experience, transmitted across generations through social learning, and helps integrate societies by satisfying basic human needs. It is shared through language and symbols, develops over time to adapt to new environments and experiences, and brings together different customs and traditions to form a cohesive whole. Culture gratifies biological and social needs for food, shelter, protection, and social connection.
The document discusses the functions and importance of education in society. It defines education and discusses the different types, including formal, non-formal, and informal education. It explains that education plays a role in imparting knowledge, developing skills, forming values, and socializing individuals. Education also prepares students for life and independence. For society, education promotes social and moral values, provides equal opportunities, and enables social change. For the nation, education fosters civic responsibility, leadership, national development, and integration.
FUNCTION AND IMPORTANCE OF EDUCATION IN THE SOCIETY (Group 2).pptxCeliselDLeron
ย
Education is defined as the process of imparting knowledge and developing skills through instruction. It plays a crucial role in society by cultivating citizens who can contribute productively and transmit cultural values. The Philippine education system consists of formal, non-formal, and special education. Formal education occurs in schools and develops self-actualization, socialization, cultural transmission, social integration, and social placement. Education is recognized as a fundamental human right by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Philippine Constitution to ensure equal access and development of citizens.
Culture, culture change, characteristics of culturemiiiitch08
ย
Culture refers to the complex whole of knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, morals, customs, and capabilities that are acquired by humans as members of society. It includes both material and non-material aspects such as shared rules of social behavior (norms), standards of desirability (values), customary behaviors (folkways and mores), and formal laws. Culture is always changing through processes such as invention, discovery, culture diffusion, and borrowing from other cultures. It is learned and transmitted between generations, though the degree and forms of transmission may vary between cultures.
This document discusses socialization and enculturation. It defines socialization as the lifelong process through which people acquire identities and skills by interacting with others in society. Socialization enables people to gradually learn the culture, values and behaviors of their society through influences like family and social groups. Enculturation is the process of being socialized into a specific culture by learning its symbols, norms, values and language from interactions with others.
The document discusses key concepts for understanding culture, society, and politics. It defines socialization and enculturation as the process of acquiring identity and learning necessary social skills through social interaction. It also defines norms as informal rules governing social behavior, and values as criteria people use to assess their lives and maintain social order. Roles are characteristic ways of behaving according to one's status or position in society. If citizens oppose these societal elements, it can lead to deviance from social norms, pressure to conform, or challenges to human dignity, rights, and the common good. Overall, the document outlines important theoretical foundations for analyzing how society is organized and maintained.
This document provides an introduction to a module on understanding the nature, goals, and perspectives of anthropology, sociology, and political science. It explains that the module aims to help students make sense of these social science disciplines as the students prepare to enter college or the workforce. The document encourages students to actively engage with the material in order to gain useful insights they can apply to their daily lives.
The document discusses key concepts related to socialization and identity formation. It describes enculturation as the process of learning the values and behaviors of one's culture. Socialization aims to teach impulse control, prepare individuals for social roles, and cultivate shared meanings. George Herbert Mead contributed the idea of the "self" developing through interaction with others and assuming their perspectives. He described stages from imitation to role-taking to developing a "generalized other." Norms guide behavior through socialization while status and roles shape expectations and identity.
There are three main modes of acquiring culture: imitation through observing and copying family behaviors and examples in one's social environment; indoctrination or formal training which takes place through interactions and formal teaching that incorporates a society's cultural components; and conditioning through a system of rewards and punishments where a culture's norms and beliefs are reinforced by rewarding desirable behaviors and punishing undesirable ones.
This document discusses sources and perspectives on political change. It identifies conflicts, protests, riots and popular movements as causes of political change. It defines political and social revolutions, and provides examples. It outlines Marx, Durkheim and Weber's perspectives on how economic, social and cultural processes can drive political change. Modernization is discussed as an engine of political change, bringing information sharing and technology. Active citizenship is presented as important for understanding and adapting to constant political change.
1. Culture is the complex whole of knowledge, beliefs, arts, morals, laws, customs, and any other capabilities acquired by humans as members of society.
2. Culture is learned and socially transmitted between generations through language and living together.
3. Culture consists of both material aspects like buildings and machines, as well as non-material aspects like knowledge and skills.
This document defines culture and its key elements. Culture refers to the knowledge, beliefs, arts, customs, and habits that are acquired by people as members of a society, according to two definitions. It discusses the types of material and non-material culture. Characteristics of culture include being learned, shared, social, ideational, adaptive, and cumulative. Elements of culture are norms, values, language, and fashion/fads. Functions of culture include distinguishing societies, interpreting values, and providing social structure and personality. Culture is acquired through imitation, indoctrination, and conditioning.
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to understanding religion. It defines religion and discusses worldviews, different belief systems like monotheism and polytheism, the nature and origins of religion, elements and theories of religion, and the differences between religion and spirituality. It also includes reflection questions and an enrichment activity. The key points are: religion involves organized beliefs and practices for worshipping gods, social environment and upbringing shape religious views, and the four common elements among religions are belief in deity, doctrine of salvation, code of conduct, and rituals.
New challenges to human adaptation and social change [autosaved]Thomson Leopoldo
ย
This document discusses global warming and climate change. It defines global warming as the gradual increase in the average temperature of the Earth caused by greenhouse gases. It describes the greenhouse effect and some of the key factors that contribute to increased greenhouse gases, such as burning fossil fuels, farming activities, and improper waste disposal. The effects of global warming mentioned include rising sea levels, loss of habitats, extreme weather, and ocean acidification. Finally, it provides some steps that can be taken to prevent and ease the problem of global warming, such as recycling, using less air conditioning, driving less, using power switches efficiently, and planting trees.
This document discusses the context, processes, and consequences of socialization. It defines socialization as the process by which new members of a society learn the norms, values, and behaviors expected of them. The context of socialization includes the biological, psychological, and social factors. The processes include explicit instruction, conditioning, modeling, and internalization. The consequences can include learning behaviors, attitudes, values, language, and cultural rules. Socialization occurs through various agents like family, schools, peers and media.
Chapter 1: STARTING POINT FOR THE UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICA...Angelita Montilla
ย
This document provides an overview of culture, society, and political identities. It discusses cultural diversity and the different types of social stratification like caste, class, estate, and slavery. Regarding political identities, it outlines various forms of government around the world such as parliamentary republics, presidential republics, and constitutional monarchies. The significance of studying these topics through social sciences like anthropology, sociology, and political science is also highlighted. Anthropology examines culture and human evolution and development. Sociology studies relationships within society. Political science analyzes political systems and behavior.
Ethnocentrism is judging other cultures based solely on one's own cultural values and standards. It often involves feelings of cultural superiority and contempt for outsiders. Cultural relativism emerged in response and is the principle that cultural practices should be understood within their own cultural context rather than being viewed as absolutely right or wrong. It acknowledges that people are shaped by their own cultures and may have difficulty understanding cultures different than their own.
This document discusses how society is organized into groups. It defines social groups as collections of interdependent individuals who pursue shared goals. Primary groups are small, intimate groups involving face-to-face interaction over long periods of time, while secondary groups are larger and less intimate with more impersonal, objective-focused relationships over shorter times. Self-categorization theory holds that people define their own group membership based on how they perceive non-members of out-groups compared to their in-group. Social groups are important as they transmit culture, exert social control, socialize individuals, generate ideas, and facilitate communication.
The document discusses different perspectives on the self, including:
1) The self is not a static entity but something constantly shaped by external influences according to social constructivists. There is a merged view of a person and their social context.
2) According to anthropologist Marcel Mauss, the self has two aspects: moi (basic identity) and personne (social roles that vary based on context like family or culture).
3) Children develop social skills through language use and interaction with others, according to theorists Mead and Vygotsky. The self is shaped by one's family and the resources available to them.
Culture is learned through human experience, transmitted across generations through social learning, and helps integrate societies by satisfying basic human needs. It is shared through language and symbols, develops over time to adapt to new environments and experiences, and brings together different customs and traditions to form a cohesive whole. Culture gratifies biological and social needs for food, shelter, protection, and social connection.
The document discusses the functions and importance of education in society. It defines education and discusses the different types, including formal, non-formal, and informal education. It explains that education plays a role in imparting knowledge, developing skills, forming values, and socializing individuals. Education also prepares students for life and independence. For society, education promotes social and moral values, provides equal opportunities, and enables social change. For the nation, education fosters civic responsibility, leadership, national development, and integration.
FUNCTION AND IMPORTANCE OF EDUCATION IN THE SOCIETY (Group 2).pptxCeliselDLeron
ย
Education is defined as the process of imparting knowledge and developing skills through instruction. It plays a crucial role in society by cultivating citizens who can contribute productively and transmit cultural values. The Philippine education system consists of formal, non-formal, and special education. Formal education occurs in schools and develops self-actualization, socialization, cultural transmission, social integration, and social placement. Education is recognized as a fundamental human right by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Philippine Constitution to ensure equal access and development of citizens.
Culture, culture change, characteristics of culturemiiiitch08
ย
Culture refers to the complex whole of knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, morals, customs, and capabilities that are acquired by humans as members of society. It includes both material and non-material aspects such as shared rules of social behavior (norms), standards of desirability (values), customary behaviors (folkways and mores), and formal laws. Culture is always changing through processes such as invention, discovery, culture diffusion, and borrowing from other cultures. It is learned and transmitted between generations, though the degree and forms of transmission may vary between cultures.
This document discusses socialization and enculturation. It defines socialization as the lifelong process through which people acquire identities and skills by interacting with others in society. Socialization enables people to gradually learn the culture, values and behaviors of their society through influences like family and social groups. Enculturation is the process of being socialized into a specific culture by learning its symbols, norms, values and language from interactions with others.
The document discusses key concepts for understanding culture, society, and politics. It defines socialization and enculturation as the process of acquiring identity and learning necessary social skills through social interaction. It also defines norms as informal rules governing social behavior, and values as criteria people use to assess their lives and maintain social order. Roles are characteristic ways of behaving according to one's status or position in society. If citizens oppose these societal elements, it can lead to deviance from social norms, pressure to conform, or challenges to human dignity, rights, and the common good. Overall, the document outlines important theoretical foundations for analyzing how society is organized and maintained.
This document provides an introduction to a module on understanding the nature, goals, and perspectives of anthropology, sociology, and political science. It explains that the module aims to help students make sense of these social science disciplines as the students prepare to enter college or the workforce. The document encourages students to actively engage with the material in order to gain useful insights they can apply to their daily lives.
The document discusses key concepts related to socialization and identity formation. It describes enculturation as the process of learning the values and behaviors of one's culture. Socialization aims to teach impulse control, prepare individuals for social roles, and cultivate shared meanings. George Herbert Mead contributed the idea of the "self" developing through interaction with others and assuming their perspectives. He described stages from imitation to role-taking to developing a "generalized other." Norms guide behavior through socialization while status and roles shape expectations and identity.
There are three main modes of acquiring culture: imitation through observing and copying family behaviors and examples in one's social environment; indoctrination or formal training which takes place through interactions and formal teaching that incorporates a society's cultural components; and conditioning through a system of rewards and punishments where a culture's norms and beliefs are reinforced by rewarding desirable behaviors and punishing undesirable ones.
This document discusses sources and perspectives on political change. It identifies conflicts, protests, riots and popular movements as causes of political change. It defines political and social revolutions, and provides examples. It outlines Marx, Durkheim and Weber's perspectives on how economic, social and cultural processes can drive political change. Modernization is discussed as an engine of political change, bringing information sharing and technology. Active citizenship is presented as important for understanding and adapting to constant political change.
1. Culture is the complex whole of knowledge, beliefs, arts, morals, laws, customs, and any other capabilities acquired by humans as members of society.
2. Culture is learned and socially transmitted between generations through language and living together.
3. Culture consists of both material aspects like buildings and machines, as well as non-material aspects like knowledge and skills.
This document defines culture and its key elements. Culture refers to the knowledge, beliefs, arts, customs, and habits that are acquired by people as members of a society, according to two definitions. It discusses the types of material and non-material culture. Characteristics of culture include being learned, shared, social, ideational, adaptive, and cumulative. Elements of culture are norms, values, language, and fashion/fads. Functions of culture include distinguishing societies, interpreting values, and providing social structure and personality. Culture is acquired through imitation, indoctrination, and conditioning.
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to understanding religion. It defines religion and discusses worldviews, different belief systems like monotheism and polytheism, the nature and origins of religion, elements and theories of religion, and the differences between religion and spirituality. It also includes reflection questions and an enrichment activity. The key points are: religion involves organized beliefs and practices for worshipping gods, social environment and upbringing shape religious views, and the four common elements among religions are belief in deity, doctrine of salvation, code of conduct, and rituals.
New challenges to human adaptation and social change [autosaved]Thomson Leopoldo
ย
This document discusses global warming and climate change. It defines global warming as the gradual increase in the average temperature of the Earth caused by greenhouse gases. It describes the greenhouse effect and some of the key factors that contribute to increased greenhouse gases, such as burning fossil fuels, farming activities, and improper waste disposal. The effects of global warming mentioned include rising sea levels, loss of habitats, extreme weather, and ocean acidification. Finally, it provides some steps that can be taken to prevent and ease the problem of global warming, such as recycling, using less air conditioning, driving less, using power switches efficiently, and planting trees.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
ย
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
ย
(๐๐๐ ๐๐๐) (๐๐๐ฌ๐ฌ๐จ๐ง ๐)-๐๐ซ๐๐ฅ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฌ
๐๐ข๐ฌ๐๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ฌ ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐๐ ๐๐ฎ๐ซ๐ซ๐ข๐๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ฎ๐ฆ ๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐ก๐ข๐ฅ๐ข๐ฉ๐ฉ๐ข๐ง๐๐ฌ:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
๐๐ฑ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐๐ญ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ ๐๐ง๐ ๐๐๐จ๐ฉ๐ ๐จ๐ ๐๐ง ๐๐ง๐ญ๐ซ๐๐ฉ๐ซ๐๐ง๐๐ฎ๐ซ:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
The chapter Lifelines of National Economy in Class 10 Geography focuses on the various modes of transportation and communication that play a vital role in the economic development of a country. These lifelines are crucial for the movement of goods, services, and people, thereby connecting different regions and promoting economic activities.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the bodyโs response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
ย
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
ย
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
ย
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
ย
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
2. Acculturation vs Enculturation
a process through a person or a
group from one culture come to
adopt practices and values of
another culture.
a process through a person learn
rules, guidelines, values and skills
to participate in a society.
To socialize
๏ Two-way-process. ๏ One-way-process.
๏ In-person contact, art,
literature or media.
๏ To adapt to our surrounding
and learn from it, and then
behave and act accordingly.๏ Original culture & foreign
culture. ๏ Start as uncultured.
๏ Separation
๏ Integration
๏ Transmutation
๏ Marginalization
๏ Assimilation