The document provides a comprehensive guide on academic writing, detailing the necessary format and structure for research papers, including sections like title, abstract, introduction, and conclusion. It emphasizes common mistakes in writing, such as avoiding hyperbole, mixing voice, redundancy, and using informal expressions, while recommending formal alternatives. Additionally, it discusses useful research tools like Zotero for reference management and offers tips for effective writing.

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博学 慎思 明辨 笃行
Academic Writing Experiences Sharing
11/26/2024
Reporter ： Gao Lu, Chen Jiarui and Wang Li

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目 录
博学 慎思 明辨 笃行
CONTENTS
11/26/2024
Research Tools
02
Format and Overall Structure
01
Analysis of Common Mistakes
03

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博学 慎思 明辨 笃行
1Format and Overall Structure
Contents

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博学 慎思 明辨 笃行
01 Format and overall structure
11/26/2024
（ 1 ） Title;
（ 2 ） Author ， Address;
（ 3 ） Abstract;
（ 4 ） Introduction ;
（ 5 ） MaterialandMethod;
（ 6 ） Result ;
（ 7 ） Discussion ；
（ 8 ） Acknowledgement
（ 9 ） Reference ；
Format of an SCI paper Key points of writing
What did I do in a nutshell?
What is the problem?
How did I solve the problem?
What did I find out?
What does it mean?
Whose work did I refer to?
Overall
conceptualization
of its structure

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博学 慎思 明辨 笃行
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1. Title
01 Format and Overall Structure
Requirements ：
The standard for an optimal
title is to accurately describe
the content of the paper using
the minimum necessary
terminology. The writing
requirements include
accuracy, brevity, clarity, and
attractiveness.
Example
“Experimental Study on
Mechanism and Rarity of
Metastases in Skeletal
Muscle”[Chinese Medical
Journal,2002,115(11):1645-
1649]
这个标题就没有把研究的对象、问
题说清楚。

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2. Abstract
01 Format and Overall Structure
Structure ：
A general abstract is typically
presented in one paragraph.
The main structure of an
abstract can be summarized
into the following four parts:
1. motivation/problem
2. statement
3. methods/procedure
4. conclusion
1. Keep it short.
2. Keep it compact.
3. Keep it simple.
4. Use the present tense
5. Focus.
6. Signal novelty and importance
7. Be bold
8. Confidence
9. Avoid evocative words
Dr. Evans published 10 rules for writing abstracts in
2015.[PLoS Comput Biol,11(4):el004205].

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3. Introduction
01 Format and Overall Structure
Structure ：
1.Background to the topic
2.Statement of the research
question
3.Approach taken to answer
the question
The presentation of relevant
background research is vague.
The author has not mentioned
any relevant similar studies.

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博学 慎思 明辨 笃行
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4. Conclusion
01 Format and Overall Structure
Requirements ：
1. Key Points of Results;
2. Theoretical Significance or
Practical Value, and Prospects
for Generalization.
Conclusion section including
visions or suggestions for future
research directions.

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5. Correct expression of commonly used words
01 Format and Overall Structure
优
劣
application use
additional extra
consequently so
demonstrate show
utilize use
represents is
human people
modification change
劣 优
hypothesis suggest
indication sign
manufacture make
initate start
encounter meet
Permit let

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博学 慎思 明辨 笃行
2Research tools
Contents

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02 Research tools
11/26/2024
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A powerful reference management software: Zotero
Easy Reference Management:
Zotero allows users to collect, organize, and
manage references from various sources,
including books, articles, and web pages.
Browser Integration :
It integrates seamlessly with web browsers,
enabling users to save references directly
from their browser with a single click.
Automatic Citation Generation :
Zotero can automatically generate citations
and bibliographies in various citation styles,
making it easier for users to format their
research papers.
Cloud Syncing :
Zotero offers cloud storage options, allowing
users to sync their library across multiple
devices and access it from anywhere.
Open Source :
As an open-source tool, Zotero is free to use
and continually updated by a community of
developers.

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02 Research tools
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12
https://www.zotero.org/
(1) Download
Zotero Connector:
This plugin can be downloaded from the official
website. This plugin automatically captures
the documentation in the browser and
generates entries in Zotero.
Click on the icon
(2) Plugin
The authors, impact factor
and abstract of the paper
are displayed in the Zotero.
This plugin automatically gets the journal
title, impact factor and other information
about the paper.
This plugin enhances Zotero's support
for Chinese literature.
Jasminum

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02 Research tools
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This plugin is an intelligent Zotero-based extension that leverages the power
of the GPT model to help users quickly ask questions, summarise the
literature, and enable accurate searches of library resources
This plugin is completely open source, free of charge, support for
double chain notes, support for Markdown and markup
language, the depth of the integration of literature management
and reading functions.

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02 Research tools
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14
Summary of commonly used plugins for Zotero:

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3Analysis of Common Mistake
Contents

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03 Analysis of Common Mistakes
11/26/2024 16
0. About Contributions.
Abuse of hyperbole is not appropriate.
 Innovative, breakthrough
 It must be emphasized that our result is
very important.
 Avoid sharp comments about others.
 unfortunately wrong, obviously incorrect
Use active tense instead of passive tense
when stating the contributions.
 “We develop a novel algorithm that is
…”, “We formulate a novel problem
considering …”.
 “A novel algorithm is developed” , “A
novel problem considering … is
formulated.”

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03 Analysis of Common Mistakes
11/26/2024 17
1. Try to use formal expressions and avoid informal ones.
Improved expression
so.
get.
a lot of.
hard.
also.
Problem expression
therefore, hence, as a result, consequently,
as a consequence.
Obtain
many, plenty, a large number of
difficult, challenging
furthermore, in addition, what’s more
We need to
convert
spoken
English
into
written
English.

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03 Analysis of Common Mistakes
11/26/2024 18
2. Don't mix the active voice in the first person with the passive voice in
the third person.
Improved expression
We study the Riemann hypothesis in this
paper. A preliminary result towards its
complete proof is obtained, where we
derive a necessary condition. A
counterexample is given to show that this
condition is not sufficient.
We introduce the problem setup in
Section 2 and the main results are
presented in Section 3.
Problem expression
We study the Riemann hypothesis in
this paper. We obtain a preliminary
result towards its complete proof,
where we derive a necessary condition.
We give a counterexample to show that
this condition is not sufficient.
We introduce the problem setup in
Section 2 and present the main results
in Section 3.
It doesn't
read well
to the
reader.

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03 Analysis of Common Mistakes
11/26/2024 19
Improved expression
Problem expression
The Riemann hypothesis is studied in
this paper. A preliminary result is
obtained towards its complete proof,
where a necessary condition is derived.
A counterexample is given to show
that this condition is not sufficient.
The problem setup is introduced in
Section 2 and the main results are
presented in Section 3.
It doesn't
read well
to the
reader.
We study the Riemann hypothesis in this
paper. A preliminary result towards its
complete proof is obtained, where we
derive a necessary condition. A
counterexample is given to show that this
condition is not sufficient.
We introduce the problem setup in
Section 2 and the main results are
presented in Section 3.
2. Don't mix the active voice in the first person with the passive voice in
the third person.

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03 Analysis of Common Mistakes
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3. Avoid redundancy and repetition.
Improved expression
It is well known that diabetes affects
millions of people.
Similar results have been reported
previously in the literature .
There are many investigators who
disagree with this opinion.
Problem expression
It is well known that diabetes affects
millions of people.
Similar results have been reported
previously in the literature.
Many investigators disagree with this
opinion.
Simplify
sentences
.

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03 Analysis of Common Mistakes
11/26/2024 21
4. Pay attention to sentence structure.
Improved expression
It was also discussed the possible
mechanism of light energy distribution
regulation between two photo systems.
译文：同时也讨论了两个光系统间光能分配调节的可能方式。
Problem expression
The possible mechanism of light
energy distribution regulation
between two photo systems was
also discussed.
Correct
the
sentence.
that

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03 Analysis of Common Mistakes
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5. Avoid using Chinese English expressions.
Improved expression
According to the method which was used by
Ford and Evens, some changes were made.
译文：我们用 Ford 和 Evens 的方法 , 并做了些更动。
A lot of new problems and questions have
been pointed out. Those force the
researchers turn to new attempts both in
theory and in methodology.
译文：出现了很多新的问题 , 这些问题迫切需要研究者从研究
思想到方法学上进行新的探索
Problem expression
We used the method of Ford and
Evens with some modifications.
A lot of new problems have
arisen. All this forces the
researchers to turn to new
attempts both in ideology and in
methodology
Use
expressions
that
conform to
English
conventions
.

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Thanks for your
attention ！