Wireless communication is rapidly growing, making it possible to design wireless network systems that can constantly collect, analyse, evaluate and validate our environment to get more control of the factors that influence it. With over a decade of intensive research and development, wireless sensor network technology has been emerging as viable solution to many innovative applications. In this project, we have developed a wireless TV audio transceiver (transmitter to multiple receivers) using microcontroller atmega 328 and nRF24L01 module. The nRF24L01 transceiver module uses the 2.4 GHz band and it can operate with band rates from 250 kbps up to 2 Mbps. If used in closed space and with lower band rate its range can reach up to 100 meters.
Wireless RF Module Using PIC MCU (Slides).Abee Sharma
It's a Presentation Of Actual Project.
An RF module is a small electronic circuit used to transmit, receive, or transceive
radio waves on one of a number of carrier frequencies. RF modules are widely used
in consumer applications such as garage door openers, wireless alarm systems, industrial
remote controls, smart sensor applications, weather monitoring system, RFID,
wireless mouse technology and wireless home automation systems. They are often
used instead of infrared remote controls as they have the advantage of not requiring
line-of-sight operation.
final Year Projects, Final Year Projects in Chennai, Software Projects, Embedded Projects, Microcontrollers Projects, DSP Projects, VLSI Projects, Matlab Projects, Java Projects, .NET Projects, IEEE Projects, IEEE 2009 Projects, IEEE 2009 Projects, Software, IEEE 2009 Projects, Embedded, Software IEEE 2009 Projects, Embedded IEEE 2009 Projects, Final Year Project Titles, Final Year Project Reports, Final Year Project Review, Robotics Projects, Mechanical Projects, Electrical Projects, Power Electronics Projects, Power System Projects, Model Projects, Java Projects, J2EE Projects, Engineering Projects, Student Projects, Engineering College Projects, MCA Projects, BE Projects, BTech Projects, ME Projects, MTech Projects, Wireless Networks Projects, Network Security Projects, Networking Projects, final year projects, ieee projects, student projects, college projects, ieee projects in chennai, java projects, software ieee projects, embedded ieee projects, "ieee2009projects", "final year projects", "ieee projects", "Engineering Projects", "Final Year Projects in Chennai", "Final year Projects at Chennai", Java Projects, ASP.NET Projects, VB.NET Projects, C# Projects, Visual C++ Projects, Matlab Projects, NS2 Projects, C Projects, Microcontroller Projects, ATMEL Projects, PIC Projects, ARM Projects, DSP Projects, VLSI Projects, FPGA Projects, CPLD Projects, Power Electronics Projects, Electrical Projects, Robotics Projects, Solor Projects, MEMS Projects, J2EE Projects, J2ME Projects, AJAX Projects, Structs Projects, EJB Projects, Real Time Projects, Live Projects, Student Projects, Engineering Projects, MCA Projects, MBA Projects, College Projects, BE Projects, BTech Projects, ME Projects, MTech Projects, M.Sc Projects, Final Year Java Projects, Final Year ASP.NET Projects, Final Year VB.NET Projects, Final Year C# Projects, Final Year Visual C++ Projects, Final Year Matlab Projects, Final Year NS2 Projects, Final Year C Projects, Final Year Microcontroller Projects, Final Year ATMEL Projects, Final Year PIC Projects, Final Year ARM Projects, Final Year DSP Projects, Final Year VLSI Projects, Final Year FPGA Projects, Final Year CPLD Projects, Final Year Power Electronics Projects, Final Year Electrical Projects, Final Year Robotics Projects, Final Year Solor Projects, Final Year MEMS Projects, Final Year J2EE Projects, Final Year J2ME Projects, Final Year AJAX Projects, Final Year Structs Projects, Final Year EJB Projects, Final Year Real Time Projects, Final Year Live Projects, Final Year Student Projects, Final Year Engineering Projects, Final Year MCA Projects, Final Year MBA Projects, Final Year College Projects, Final Year BE Projects, Final Year BTech Projects, Final Year ME Projects, Final Year MTech Projects, Final Year M.Sc Projects, IEEE Java Projects, ASP.NET Projects, VB.NET Projects, C# Projects, Visual C++ Projects, Matlab Projects, NS2 Projects, C Projects, Microcontroller Projects, ATMEL Projects, PIC Projects, ARM Projects, DSP Projects, VLSI Projects, FPGA Projects, CPLD Projects, Power Electronics Projects, Electrical Projects, Robotics Projects, Solor Projects, MEMS Projects, J2EE Projects, J2ME Projects, AJAX Projects, Structs Projects, EJB Projects, Real Time Projects, Live Projects, Student Projects, Engineering Projects, MCA Projects, MBA Projects, College Projects, BE Projects, BTech Projects, ME Projects, MTech Projects, M.Sc Projects, IEEE 2009 Java Projects, IEEE 2009 ASP.NET Projects, IEEE 2009 VB.NET Projects, IEEE 2009 C# Projects, IEEE 2009 Visual C++ Projects, IEEE 2009 Matlab Projects, IEEE 2009 NS2 Projects, IEEE 2009 C Projects, IEEE 2009 Microcontroller Projects, IEEE 2009 ATMEL Projects, IEEE 2009 PIC Projects, IEEE 2009 ARM Projects, IEEE 2009 DSP Projects, IEEE 2009 VLSI Projects, IEEE 2009 FPGA Projects, IEEE 2009 CPLD Projects, IEEE 2009 Power Electronics Projects, IEEE 2009 Electrical Projects, IEEE 2009 Robotics Projects, IEEE 2009 Solor Projects, IEEE 2009 MEMS Projects, IEEE 2009 J2EE P
Wireless RF Module Using PIC MCU (Slides).Abee Sharma
It's a Presentation Of Actual Project.
An RF module is a small electronic circuit used to transmit, receive, or transceive
radio waves on one of a number of carrier frequencies. RF modules are widely used
in consumer applications such as garage door openers, wireless alarm systems, industrial
remote controls, smart sensor applications, weather monitoring system, RFID,
wireless mouse technology and wireless home automation systems. They are often
used instead of infrared remote controls as they have the advantage of not requiring
line-of-sight operation.
final Year Projects, Final Year Projects in Chennai, Software Projects, Embedded Projects, Microcontrollers Projects, DSP Projects, VLSI Projects, Matlab Projects, Java Projects, .NET Projects, IEEE Projects, IEEE 2009 Projects, IEEE 2009 Projects, Software, IEEE 2009 Projects, Embedded, Software IEEE 2009 Projects, Embedded IEEE 2009 Projects, Final Year Project Titles, Final Year Project Reports, Final Year Project Review, Robotics Projects, Mechanical Projects, Electrical Projects, Power Electronics Projects, Power System Projects, Model Projects, Java Projects, J2EE Projects, Engineering Projects, Student Projects, Engineering College Projects, MCA Projects, BE Projects, BTech Projects, ME Projects, MTech Projects, Wireless Networks Projects, Network Security Projects, Networking Projects, final year projects, ieee projects, student projects, college projects, ieee projects in chennai, java projects, software ieee projects, embedded ieee projects, "ieee2009projects", "final year projects", "ieee projects", "Engineering Projects", "Final Year Projects in Chennai", "Final year Projects at Chennai", Java Projects, ASP.NET Projects, VB.NET Projects, C# Projects, Visual C++ Projects, Matlab Projects, NS2 Projects, C Projects, Microcontroller Projects, ATMEL Projects, PIC Projects, ARM Projects, DSP Projects, VLSI Projects, FPGA Projects, CPLD Projects, Power Electronics Projects, Electrical Projects, Robotics Projects, Solor Projects, MEMS Projects, J2EE Projects, J2ME Projects, AJAX Projects, Structs Projects, EJB Projects, Real Time Projects, Live Projects, Student Projects, Engineering Projects, MCA Projects, MBA Projects, College Projects, BE Projects, BTech Projects, ME Projects, MTech Projects, M.Sc Projects, Final Year Java Projects, Final Year ASP.NET Projects, Final Year VB.NET Projects, Final Year C# Projects, Final Year Visual C++ Projects, Final Year Matlab Projects, Final Year NS2 Projects, Final Year C Projects, Final Year Microcontroller Projects, Final Year ATMEL Projects, Final Year PIC Projects, Final Year ARM Projects, Final Year DSP Projects, Final Year VLSI Projects, Final Year FPGA Projects, Final Year CPLD Projects, Final Year Power Electronics Projects, Final Year Electrical Projects, Final Year Robotics Projects, Final Year Solor Projects, Final Year MEMS Projects, Final Year J2EE Projects, Final Year J2ME Projects, Final Year AJAX Projects, Final Year Structs Projects, Final Year EJB Projects, Final Year Real Time Projects, Final Year Live Projects, Final Year Student Projects, Final Year Engineering Projects, Final Year MCA Projects, Final Year MBA Projects, Final Year College Projects, Final Year BE Projects, Final Year BTech Projects, Final Year ME Projects, Final Year MTech Projects, Final Year M.Sc Projects, IEEE Java Projects, ASP.NET Projects, VB.NET Projects, C# Projects, Visual C++ Projects, Matlab Projects, NS2 Projects, C Projects, Microcontroller Projects, ATMEL Projects, PIC Projects, ARM Projects, DSP Projects, VLSI Projects, FPGA Projects, CPLD Projects, Power Electronics Projects, Electrical Projects, Robotics Projects, Solor Projects, MEMS Projects, J2EE Projects, J2ME Projects, AJAX Projects, Structs Projects, EJB Projects, Real Time Projects, Live Projects, Student Projects, Engineering Projects, MCA Projects, MBA Projects, College Projects, BE Projects, BTech Projects, ME Projects, MTech Projects, M.Sc Projects, IEEE 2009 Java Projects, IEEE 2009 ASP.NET Projects, IEEE 2009 VB.NET Projects, IEEE 2009 C# Projects, IEEE 2009 Visual C++ Projects, IEEE 2009 Matlab Projects, IEEE 2009 NS2 Projects, IEEE 2009 C Projects, IEEE 2009 Microcontroller Projects, IEEE 2009 ATMEL Projects, IEEE 2009 PIC Projects, IEEE 2009 ARM Projects, IEEE 2009 DSP Projects, IEEE 2009 VLSI Projects, IEEE 2009 FPGA Projects, IEEE 2009 CPLD Projects, IEEE 2009 Power Electronics Projects, IEEE 2009 Electrical Projects, IEEE 2009 Robotics Projects, IEEE 2009 Solor Projects, IEEE 2009 MEMS Projects, IEEE 2009 J2EE P
Wi-Fi Is a Power Guzzler. New Multi-Protocol Modules May Change the Game of B...Abaram Network Solutions
Wi-Fi's high power consumption represents a serious challenge to battery powered IoT products. But this may no longer be a problem with the digitally-dominant advanced radio architecture of two new modules from Innophase.
Application of Zigbee in Smart Home with Dynamic Routing AlgorithmNooria Sukmaningtyas
In order to avoid damaging the walls and bore a hole through the walls, also to save the cost of
rewiring, low voltage power line can be used to implement the smart home. However, several difficult
problem must be solved at the same time , the most important are finding a technology method to
suppress the noise interference and resist the weaker signal. The smart home system is introduced in the
paper. During the design of Smart Home System adopting power line signal carrier, a dynamic routine
algorithm based on the idea of Genetic Algorithm is proposed to cope with the time-varying and random
feature of power line channel. Thus the system can find the transmission path in real time and dispatch the
signal carrier to transmit among the nodes. With this algorithm, the communication between a certain
group-controller and its terminal nodes or between the main-controller and the group-controllers is realized
successfully. In the proposed algorithm all nodes but the controller adopt same driver, therefore the plug
and play is realized for all nodes.
why time synchronization is important in power generation, transmission and ...Mohd Amir
Meinberg products make frictionless power transportation possible. By accurately synchronizing your IT-Network and reliably monitoring your power line frequency
LOW POWER, LOW NOISE AMPLIFIERS DESIGN AND ANALYSIS FOR RF RECEIVER FRONT END...VLSICS Design
This work is mainly to ensure the reliability of low power low noise amplifier design and analysis which is
useful for 4G receiver front ends in particularly WIMAX applications. The low noise amplifiers
implemented by using different topologies namely (a) Cascoded Common source amplifier technique(b)
Folded Cascode amplifier technique (c) Shunt feedback amplifier technique (d) Current reuse Common
gate amplifier with gm boosted technique with 90 nm TSMC CMOS technology, which is used for WIMAX
applications with 1V supply. In order to simulate and measurement the parameters such as Scattering
parameters(S21, S12 S11. S22 ),noise-figure, input matching, output matching ,stability, linearity the
Cadence ,Agilent technologies ADS and lab view graphical software have been used and Compare the
performance of the various parameters .
Wi-Fi Is a Power Guzzler. New Multi-Protocol Modules May Change the Game of B...Abaram Network Solutions
Wi-Fi's high power consumption represents a serious challenge to batterypowered IoT products. But this may no longer be a problem with the
digitally-dominant advanced radio architecture of two new modules from Innophase.
Wi-Fi Is a Power Guzzler. New Multi-Protocol Modules May Change the Game of B...Abaram Network Solutions
Wi-Fi's high power consumption represents a serious challenge to battery powered IoT products. But this may no longer be a problem with the digitally-dominant advanced radio architecture of two new modules from Innophase.
Application of Zigbee in Smart Home with Dynamic Routing AlgorithmNooria Sukmaningtyas
In order to avoid damaging the walls and bore a hole through the walls, also to save the cost of
rewiring, low voltage power line can be used to implement the smart home. However, several difficult
problem must be solved at the same time , the most important are finding a technology method to
suppress the noise interference and resist the weaker signal. The smart home system is introduced in the
paper. During the design of Smart Home System adopting power line signal carrier, a dynamic routine
algorithm based on the idea of Genetic Algorithm is proposed to cope with the time-varying and random
feature of power line channel. Thus the system can find the transmission path in real time and dispatch the
signal carrier to transmit among the nodes. With this algorithm, the communication between a certain
group-controller and its terminal nodes or between the main-controller and the group-controllers is realized
successfully. In the proposed algorithm all nodes but the controller adopt same driver, therefore the plug
and play is realized for all nodes.
why time synchronization is important in power generation, transmission and ...Mohd Amir
Meinberg products make frictionless power transportation possible. By accurately synchronizing your IT-Network and reliably monitoring your power line frequency
LOW POWER, LOW NOISE AMPLIFIERS DESIGN AND ANALYSIS FOR RF RECEIVER FRONT END...VLSICS Design
This work is mainly to ensure the reliability of low power low noise amplifier design and analysis which is
useful for 4G receiver front ends in particularly WIMAX applications. The low noise amplifiers
implemented by using different topologies namely (a) Cascoded Common source amplifier technique(b)
Folded Cascode amplifier technique (c) Shunt feedback amplifier technique (d) Current reuse Common
gate amplifier with gm boosted technique with 90 nm TSMC CMOS technology, which is used for WIMAX
applications with 1V supply. In order to simulate and measurement the parameters such as Scattering
parameters(S21, S12 S11. S22 ),noise-figure, input matching, output matching ,stability, linearity the
Cadence ,Agilent technologies ADS and lab view graphical software have been used and Compare the
performance of the various parameters .
Wi-Fi Is a Power Guzzler. New Multi-Protocol Modules May Change the Game of B...Abaram Network Solutions
Wi-Fi's high power consumption represents a serious challenge to batterypowered IoT products. But this may no longer be a problem with the
digitally-dominant advanced radio architecture of two new modules from Innophase.
Multisim design and simulation of 2.2 g hz lna for wireless communicationVLSICS Design
This paper presents the work done on the design and simulation of a high frequency low noise amplifier for
wireless communication. The purpose of the amplifier is to amplify the received RF path of a wireless
network. With high gain, high sensitivity and low noise using Bipolar Junction transistor (BJT). The design
methodology requires analysis of the transistor for stability, proper matching, network selection and
fabrication. The BJT transistor was chosen for the design of the LNA due to its low noise and good gain at
high frequency. These properties were confirmed using some measurement techniques including Network
Analyzer, frequency analyzer Probe and Oscilloscope for the simulation and practical testing of the
amplifier to verify the performance of the designed High frequency Low noise amplifier. The design goals
of noise figure of 0.52dB-0.7dB and bias conditions are Vcc = 3.5 V and Icc= 55 mA to produce 16.8 dB
gain across the 0.4–2.2GHz band.
WIRELESS HOME AUTOMATION USING PIC MICROCONTROLLER BASED ON RF-MODULEEng.Manfred Kibona
This paper presents a project-based final year project course on completion of Bachelor degree in Telecommunication engineering. The goal of this project was to provide engineering students a hands-on experience involving actual engineering design on communication circuits, printed circuit board (PCB) design, layout, fabrication, assembly, and testing.
The scope of the project was been projected in develop a RF remote control system that will be capable for controlling various electrical appliances in the vicinity of 100 meters. The control signals has to traverse wirelessly by means of modulation with radio frequency carrier signal ranging from frequency band of 385MHz to 480MHz.
MULTISIM DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF 2.2GHz LNA FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONVLSICS Design
This paper presents the work done on the design and simulation of a high frequency low noise amplifier for wireless communication. The purpose of the amplifier is to amplify the received RF path of a wireless network. With high gain, high sensitivity and low noise using Bipolar Junction transistor (BJT). The design methodology requires analysis of the transistor for stability, proper matching, network selection and fabrication. The BJT transistor was chosen for the design of the LNA due to its low noise and good gain at high frequency. These properties were confirmed using some measurement techniques including Network Analyzer, frequency analyzer Probe and Oscilloscope for the simulation and practical testing of the amplifier to verify the performance of the designed High frequency Low noise amplifier. The design goals of noise figure of 0.52dB-0.7dB and bias conditions are Vcc = 3.5 V and Icc= 55 mA to produce 16.8 dB gain across the 0.4–2.2GHz band.
Data Transmission Analysis using MW-5000 at 5.8 GHz Frequency IJECEIAES
In the recent years, the data communication system become the main type of communication in the world. The FSK modulator or demodulator is one of the part that becomes the most important part and extremely advanced with the involvement of microwave active and passive circuits. This paper presents the data transmission analysis using MW-5000 at 5.8 GHz frequency. This experiment use the microwave communication module MW5000 that is available in electronic laboratory. From this experiment the duration taken for the transmission of data is depend on the length of sentence and the value of baud rate.
First order sigma delta modulator with low-power consumption implemented in a...eSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper presents a design of a switched-capacitor discrete time 1st order Delta-Sigma modulator used for a resolution of 8 bits
Sigma-Delta analog to digital converter. For lower power consumption, the use of operational transconductance amplifier is
necessary in order to provide wide output voltage swing and moderate DC gain. Simulation results showed that with 0.35um CMOS
technology, 80 KHz signal bandwidth and oversampling rate of 64, the modulator achieved 49.25 dB Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and
the power consumption was 5.5 mW under ±1.5V supply voltage .
Index terms: Analog-to-Digital conversion, Delta-Sigma modulation, CMOS technology, Transconductance operational
amplifier.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Advanced modulation coding schemes for an optical transceiver systems–based O...journalBEEI
This paper examines advanced modulation coding schemes for an optical transceiver systems–based optical wireless communication (OWC) channel model. These modulation techniquesinclude On-Off keying and return to zero (RZ)/non–return to zero (NRZ) coding. The signal power level against time and frequency spectral variations are measured. The max. Q factor and min. bit error rate (BER) are estimated and clarified for each modulation code scheme by using an optisystem simulation model. Transmission bit rates of up to 40 Gb/s can be achieved for possible distances up to 500 km with acceptable Q factor. The received power and max. Q factor are measured and clarified with OWC distance variations. The On-Off keying modulation code scheme resulted in better performance than the other modulation code schemes did.
Low Noise Amplifier using Darlington Pair At 90nm Technology IJECEIAES
The demand of low noise amplifier (LNA) has been rising in today’s communication system. LNA is the basic building circuit of the receiver section satellite. The design concept demonstrates the design trade off with NF, gain, power consumption. This paper reports on with analysis of wideband LNA. This paper shows the schematic of LNA by using Darlington pair amplifier. This LNA has been fabricated on 90nm CMOS process. This paper is focused on to make comparison of three stage and single stage LNA. Here, the phase mismatch between these patameters is quantitavely analyzed to study the effect on gain and noise figure (NF). In this paper, single stage LNA has shown the 23 dB measured gain, while the three stages LNA has demonstrated 29 dB measured gain. Here, LNA designed using darlington pair shows low NF of 3.3-4.8 dB, which comparable to other reported single stage LNA designs and appreciably low compared to the three stages LNA. Hence, findings from this paper suggest the use of single stage LNA designed using Darlington pair in transceiver satellite applications.
A Simulation of Wideband CDMA System on Digital Up/Down ConvertersEditor IJMTER
In this paper, I present FPGA implementation of a digital down converter (DDC) and
digital up converter (DUC) for a single carrier WCDMA system. The DDC and DUC is complex in
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System Generator and Xilinx ISE are used to develop the hardware circuit for the FPGA. Both the
circuits are verified on the Spartan - 3 FPGA
Moderate quality of voice transmission using 8 bit micro-controller through z...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
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Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
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1. A low cost wireless TV audio Transceiver
A LOW COST WIRELESS TV AUDIO TRANSCEIVER
Mirugwe Alex, Luweesi Givan
Makerere university, Kampala Uganda
College of Engineering Design Art and Technology
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Abstract — Wireless communication is rapidly
growing, making it possible to design wireless
network systems that can constantly collect,
analyse, evaluate and validate our environment to
get more control of the factors that influence it.
With over a decade of intensive research and
development, wireless sensor network technology
has been emerging as viable solution to many
innovative applications. In this project, we have
developed a wireless TV audio transceiver
(transmitter to multiple receivers) using
microcontroller atmega 328 and nRF24L01
module. The nRF24L01 transceiver module uses
the 2.4 GHz band and it can operate with band rates
from 250 kbps up to 2 Mbps. If used in closed space
and with lower band rate its range can reach up to
100 meters.
Key words
Arduino; nRF24L01 module; LM386N;
IEEE802.15.4; Transceiver.
I. INTRODUCTION
The audio Transceiver system is a low-cost and low
power, which makes it well suitable to many
Ugandans. Unlike wired network designs, wireless
network designs create more flexibility in handling
these environmental issues. For this reason, a
wireless sensor network system that is capable of
handling this situation was implemented.
The transmitter transmits audio signals to the
receivers. The Wireless audio system operates at
Radio Frequency (RF) signals. Specifically, it
utilizes IEEE802.15.4 standard to transmit the
audio signals. The system is designed to transmit
and receive the audio signal about 2.4Ghz
frequencies. The system is powered using a 9Vdc
battery. developed over years.
IEEE standard 802.15.4 offers the fundamental
lower network layers of a Wireless Personal Area
Network (WPAN) and focuses on low-cost, low-
power communication between devices. The
system will be designed to transmit and receive the
audio signal using 2.4Ghz band. [1][3]
The transmitter converts the input analog signal
from the TV audio socket to digital signal using the
microcontroller. The digital signal will then be sent
to the nRF24L01 module which modulates it using
Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying (GFSK)
modulation scheme and transmits it at
2.4GHz.[7][8]
The receivers use GFSK modulation to demodulate
the digital signal received and convert it to an
analog signal using the microcontroller. The analog
signal is amplified by LM386 circuit where users
can individually modulate the volume of sound of
their preferences. LM386 is a low voltage audio
amplifier and frequently used in battery powered
music devices.
2. A low cost wireless TV audio Transceiver
II. RELATED W ORK
Recently, many developments have been made in
wireless audio transmission over the years. These
systems have been developed by the use of
Bluetooth technology. Bluetooth comes with a
number of drawback;
Modules implementing Bluetooth
technology (e.g. HC-05, HC-06 Bluetooth
modules) are very expensive making such
system inaccessible by many Ugandans (the
cost range between $35 to $100)
Also, these kinds of systems only work
with dedicated headphones, where one
cannot use any kind of headphones.
They support one user at a time.
Bluetooth shortens battery life, since it
continuously scans for signals looking for
new devices to connect with but using
energy in the process.
We are developing a low-cost audio transceiver
system using IEEE802.15.4 instead of
IEEE802.15.1 being used currently. This project is
designed to solve these problems.
Comparison between IEEE 802.15.4 standard and
Bluetooth IEEE802.15.1 standard [2][3][4]
IEEE802.15.4 IEEE.802.15.1
(BLUETOOTH)
Low power
consumption
drains (20- 50 μA)
Relatively high power
for a short transmission
range. (1mA-60mA)
Nodes take a short time
to synchronize to
network when returning
from sleep mode, which
decreases average
system power.
Nodes take a long time
to synchronize to
network when returning
from sleep mode, which
increases average
system power.
IEEE 802.15.4 addresses
the needs of Low-Rate
Wireless Personal Area
Networks (LR-WPAN).
It’s mainly for High
Rate Wireless Personal
Area Networks
It provides a coverage of
100m
The coverage is <50m
Table 1 Comparison between IEEE 802.15.4
standard and Bluetooth IEEE802.15.1 standard
III. Protocol (IEEE80.15.4) architecture
Devices are conceived to interact with each other
over a conceptually simple wireless network. The
definition of the network layers is based on the
ISO model; although only the lower layers are
defined in the standard, interaction with upper
layers in intended, possibly using an
IEEE802.15.2 logical link control sublayer
accessing the MAC through a convergence
sublayer. Implementations may rely on external
devices or be purely embedded, self-functioning
devices.[2][4][5]
3. A low cost wireless TV audio Transceiver
Figure 1 IEEE802.15.4 Protocol architecture
IV. SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
The audio transceiver system consists of the
transmitter, receivers and amplification circuits.
The transceiver is designed using an nRF24L01
module. The nRF24L01 is capable of acting as a
multi-Ceiver, listening to 6 other devices.[7][9]
Figure 2 nRF24L01 multiple connections
The diagrams below show the block circuits of our
system.
Transmitter block circuit diagram
Oscillator
Voltage
Regulator
SW
LED
NRF24L01
Atmega
328
Microcontroller
5V
3.3V
CSK
MOSI
19
18
17
23
22
MISO
CE
CSN
13
14
22pF
22pF
Audio input
10
9
8
7
GND
10k
1
5V
Voltage
Regulator
1000µF
9V
Figure 3: Transmitter circuit connections
The transmitter’s block diagram is shown in
Figure above consists of a microcontroller (At-
mega 328), nRF24L01, capacitors, resistors, an
oscillator, voltage regulators and audio input pin.
The is plugged into the audio jack of a TV, which
supplies the audio signal that will be modulated
and transmitted. The audio signal is transmitted
wirelessly to the receiver.
The receiver block circuit
Oscillator
Voltage
Regulator
SW
LED
NRF24L01
Atmega
328
Microcontroller
5V
3.3V
CSK
MOSI
19
18
17
MISO
CE
CSN
13
14
22pF
22pF
Audio Output
10
9
8
7
GND
10k
1
5V
Voltage
Regulator
15
16
1000uF
9V
Figure 4: Receiver circuit connections
PIN FUNCTIONS OF nRF MODULE
4. A low cost wireless TV audio Transceiver
Figure 5: nRF24L01 module pin connections
Pin Name Description
1 CE Chip Enable Activates RX
or TX mode
2 CSN SPI Chip Select
3 SCK SPI Clock
4 MOSI SPI Slave Data Input
5 MISO SPI Slave Data Output,
with tristate option
6 IRQ Maskable interrupt pin.
Active low
7 VDD Power Supply (+1.9V -
+3.6V DC)
8 GND Ground (0V)
Table 2: nRF24L01 pin functions
The power consumption of this module is just
around 12mA during transmission. The operating
voltage of the module is from 1.9 to 3.6V, but the
good thing is that the other pins tolerate 5V logic,
so we can easily connect it to an Arduino without
using any logic level converters.
Three of these pins are for the SPI
communication and they are connected to the SPI
pins of the Arduino but note that each Arduino
board have different SPI pins. The pins CSN and
CE can be connected to any digital pin of the
Arduino board and they are used for setting the
module in standby or active mode, as well as for
switching between transmit or command mode.
The last pin is an interrupt pin which doesn’t have
to be used. So, once we connect the NRF24L01
modules to the Arduino boards we are ready to
make the codes for both the transmitter and the
receive
Amplification circuit
LM386N
5V
6
1
8
72
3
100µF
10K
0.1µF
10µF
10K
10µF10K
0.01µF0.01µF
27K
Audio Jack
4
5
Audio Input
Figure 6: Amplification circuit
V. SYSTEM OPERATION
Transmitter
Receiver
VI. RESULTS
Memory
Buffers
GFSK
demodulator
FiltersLNA
NRF24L01
Memory
Buffers DAC
LM386 IC
Atmega 328 Sound Amplifier
A
N
T
Digital signal Analog Signal
5. A low cost wireless TV audio Transceiver
Distance of Transmission
Area IEEE802.15.4 IEEE802.1.1
Outdoor
Open-space 150 49m
Indoor
Open-space 90m 31m
Thick-walls 1m 0m
Through
Glasses
40m 19m
IEEE802.15.4 is better than
IEEE802.15.1(Bluetooth) in terms of distance
coverage.
VII. CONCLUSION
In this paper, we study the different issue of
Wireless Audio transmission technologies and
compare different IEEE 802.15 standard and
studied their differences on the basis of their basic
characteristic, application, limitation and use.
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