This document discusses using a DSP-based system for transmission line fault classification and location. It aims to provide faster fault detection and repair to improve power system reliability and performance. The system would analyze harmonics and transients on the line using a DSP processor and wavelet analysis to identify fault types. It would then use an SVM algorithm or ANN for fault location. Developing the hardware setup, signal processing using DSP and algorithms for classification and location would cost approximately 10.75 lakhs.

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3. DSP based Transmission line transient analyzer
Transient studies of transmission lines in electric networks are presently
done in electric networks using computer or Transient Network
Analysers (TNA). The proposed work aims in implementation of DSP
based transmission line Fault classifier and Locator.
Need for DSP based Transmission line transient analyzer
1. Fast repair to restore power system from outages,
2. Improves system availability and performance as well as reduces
operating costs.
3. Saves time and expense of crew searching in bad weather and
tough terrains.
4. Helps crew in disturbance diagnostics by:
- identifying temporary faults,
- detecting weak spots
Harmonics are periodic signals that occur in power systems due to
various reasons. The frequency of harmonics is an integer multiple of the
fundamental frequency of the power system which is 50 Hz. The
presence of high frequency harmonics in voltages and currents of a
power system is a key signal for identification of faults in power systems.
Therefore, DSP based monitoring of the harmonics for admissible levels
become necessary for reliable distribution of electric energy.
The DSP technology brings unquestionable improvements in fault
classification and location in a shorter time; input signals are filtered-out
more precisely; it is easy to apply sophisticated corrections; the hardware

4. is standardized and may communicate with other protection and control
systems. The proposed work starts with the development of a hardware
arrangement for the simulation of various types of faults, transients
similar to that occurring in power systems are generated and are
processed through a DSP processor. The processed outputs are feed for
wavelets analysis. On identification of type of fault a support vector
machine (SVM) based fault location algorithm is called.
ANN based fault Location
Since ANNs can provide excellent pattern recognition, they
are proposed by many researchers to perform different tasks in power
system relaying for signal processing and decision making.
Implementation of ANN has the following steps:
1. Additional pre- and post-processing are applied to the ANN structure
for training. The training patterns exposed to the ANN cover the most
important operating conditions both faults and other disturbances.
2. The ANN is fed either with non-processed samples of the input
signals, or by features of those signals extracted using certain measuring
algorithms (or by a combination).
3. The sliding data widow consisting of the recent and a few historical
samples of the signals is then fed to the ANN.
4. The output from the ANN encodes the output decision such as type of
fault, location of fault etc.
DSP for analysis of Transients
The CCStudio is a easy to use Integrated Development
Environment (IDE) which allows DSP designers of all experience levels to
move quickly through each phase of the application development process
including design, code and build, debug, analyze, and tune. The familiar
tools and interfaces allow users to get started faster and become
productive immediately. The signals processed through DSP hardware
are further analysis used wavelets for fault type identification.

5. The total estimated project cost is around RS 10, 75,000 (Ten Lakhs
seventy five thousand)