This document discusses the challenges facing water and humanity globally. It notes that water scarcity is increasing as the world population and GDP rise, with population growth concentrated in developing regions in Africa and Asia. Most of the world's population will live in urban areas by 2050. Agricultural water withdrawal accounts for the largest portion of water usage. Climate change is projected to reduce annual precipitation and runoff in many regions by 2090-2099. Rising human resource consumption and changes to the Earth system pose major threats. The document advocates for responsible water governance and stewardship of this vital resource to sustain humanity.