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This document defines common abbreviations used in titles, government, military, professions, academia, geography, and Latin. It also lists 10 common foreign expressions and their meanings. Abbreviations of titles use capital letters and periods. Common abbreviations include Mrs., Ms., Supt., Rep., Sen., Gov., Pres., Amb., Treas., Sgt., Lt., Capt., Col., Maj., Gen., Dr., Atty., Prof., Hon., Rev., Fr., Sr., Br. Academic degrees abbreviated include B.A., B.S., M.A., M.S., M.B.A., M.F.A., Ph.D., D.D., D.D.S., M
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This poem by Jose Corazon De Jesus examines class relations through a Marxist lens. It contrasts the lives of wealthy capitalists who benefit from the labor of workers. The worker ("Manggagawa") toils from birth to death, creating the materials and buildings that uplift society, yet receives little credit or wealth. While the elite "flaunt" their status, the worker remains oppressed. The poem calls for recognizing the worker's dignity and contributions to progress, challenging the inequality of the capitalist system that privileges the bourgeoisie over the proletariat. In its celebration of the worker and indictment of class disparity, the poem employs Marxist concepts of historical materialism and class struggle.
Designing language test
The document outlines the steps for developing a valid and reliable test: 1) determining test specifications, 2) planning by preparing a table of specifications, 3) writing test items, 4) preparing appropriate test formats, 5) reviewing test items, 6) pre-testing the test, and 7) validating test items through analyzing item difficulty, discrimination, and facility. The goal is to design a test that accurately measures the intended objectives and skills at an appropriate level of difficulty without cultural bias.
The epic of ramayana
Valmiki is celebrated as the first poet in Sanskrit literature. He is attributed as the author of the epic Ramayana, based on accounts within the text. He is revered as the Adi Kavi or first poet for discovering the first verse in Sanskrit poetry. A religious movement called Valmikism is based on Valmiki's teachings from the Ramayana and the Yoga Vasistha text.
Like water for chocolates
Laura Esquivel is a Mexican author best known for her novel Like Water for Chocolate. The novel, published in 1989, uses magical realism to tell the story of Tita, a young woman forbidden to marry due to Mexican family tradition. Each chapter is preceded by a Mexican recipe and describes how Tita expresses her emotions through cooking. The book was adapted into a successful film and helped establish Esquivel as an important voice in Latin American literature.
love in the time of cholera
Gabriel Garcia Marquez was a renowned Latin American writer born in 1928 in Colombia. He was influenced by the folktales he heard growing up in Aractaca, Colombia and is known for introducing magical realism to readers. His novels drew from both the history of his family and his own life experiences in Colombia.
Sq3 r
SQ3R is an active reading method that involves surveying, questioning, reading, reciting, and reviewing material. It uses techniques like turning headings into questions, taking notes in your own words, underlining important points, and periodically testing yourself with questions to improve comprehension and retention of what was read. The method recommends surveying the chapter first, then reading sections and reciting summaries in your own words before reviewing with techniques like flashcards, study sheets, and periodic testing.
Making inferences and drawing conclusions
The document provides information about making inferences and drawing conclusions when reading. It discusses how readers can infer deeper meanings that are implied but not directly stated by using clues and hints from the text. It explains that inferences involve going beyond surface details and choosing the most likely explanation or conclusion based on the provided facts. The document also contrasts facts, which can be verified, from opinions, which are subjective judgments that cannot be proven accurate. It provides examples to illustrate how readers can infer meanings of words from context clues like general sense, examples, antonyms, and contrasts.
The 7 biggest mistakes.pptx (final)
The document discusses the benefits of using video in the EFL (English as a Foreign Language) classroom. It notes that today's students are accustomed to multimedia and a digital world. Using video can help engage students and promote active, self-directed learning. The document outlines several benefits of using video, such as helping to learn vocabulary, expand content knowledge, and increase engagement through visual and auditory elements. It also provides tips for how teachers can effectively incorporate video into their lessons, such as pairing it with interactive activities before, during and after viewing.
Standardized testing.pptx 2
Standardized tests are designed to have consistent objectives and criteria across different forms of the test. They measure students' mastery of prescribed grade-level competencies. Developing a standardized test involves determining its purpose, designing test specifications, creating and selecting test items, evaluating items, specifying scoring procedures, and ongoing validation studies. The document outlines these steps and provides examples of standardized language proficiency tests like TOEFL and IELTS.
Korea: Culture and Tradition
Korea is located on the continent of Asia. Traditional Korean clothing includes the hanbok, consisting of a jeogori jacket and chima skirt for women, and a longer jeogori for men. The main staples of Korean cuisine are rice, kimchi (spicy cabbage), and dishes are served family style on the table. Popular sports include baseball and traditional games like taekwondo and kite flying. Education is highly valued in Korea, with students attending school for many hours each day and additionally attending academies at night to prepare for university entrance exams.
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Curriculum development in language teaching handdouts
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Abbreviations
- 1. ABBREVIATIONS AND OTHER FOREIGN EXPRESSIONS
- 2. ABBREVIATION- To abbreviate means to shorten an existing title or words
- 3. Rule 1: Abbreviation of social titles before a proper name begin with a capital letter and ends with a period.
- 4. 1. Mrs. Jackson 2. Ms. Janice Gapaz
- 5. ABBREVIATIONS OF COMMON TITLE GOVERNMENTAL Supt. – Superintendent Rep. – Representative Sen. – Senator Gov. – Governor Pres. – President Amb. – Ambassador Treas. - Treasurer
- 6. MILITARY Sgt. – Sergeant Lt. – Lieutenant Capt. – Captain Col. – Colonel Maj. – Major Gen. – General Lt. Gen. _ Lieutenant General
- 7. PROFESSIONAL Dr. – Doctor Atty. – Attorney Prof. – Professor Hon. – Honorable Rev. – Reverend Fr. – Father Sr. – Sister Br. - Brother
- 8. ABBREVIATIONS OF ACADEMIC DEGREE B. A or A.B – Bachelor of Arts B.S or S.B – Bachelor of Science M.A- Master of Arts M.S – Master of Science M.B.A – Master of Business Administration M.F.A – Master of Fine Arts
- 9. Ph.D – Doctor of Philosophy D.D – Doctor of Divinity D.D.S – Doctor of Dental Surgery M.D – Doctor of Medicine R.N – Registered Nurse Esq. – Esquire (Lawyer)
- 10. GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS Ave. – Avenue Bldg. – building Is. – Island Blvd. Boulevard Blk. – Block Dist. – District Rd. – Road Hwy. – Highway Rte. – Route St. – Street Terr. – Territory Ft. - Fort
- 11. Latin Abbreviation- Use small letters and periods. c., ca., circ. – about (used to approximate dates e.g – for example et al. – and others etc. – and so forth ff. – and the following (pages or lines) i.e- that is
- 12. FOREIGN EXPRESSION 1. VOX POPULI – Voice of the People 2. COUP D’ ETAT - Seizure of the Government power by military means 3. PRIMA FACIE – As it seems at first 4. VIS A VIS – Regarding 5. MODUS OPERANDI – Method of Operation 6. POST MORTEM – After Death
- 13. 7. DE TROP – out of place 8. COUP DE GRACE – Blow of Mercy 9. DOUBLE ENTENDRE – Double Meaning 10. FAUX PAS – False Step