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Traffic Light Controller using 8255
This document describes the design and implementation of a traffic light controller using an 8255 PPI (Programmable Peripheral Interface) chip in an 8085 microprocessor environment. It includes circuit diagrams for the traffic light signals, coding for the traffic light sequences, and an assembly language program that uses delays in a loop to control the light sequences. Memory-mapped I/O is used to control the 8255 PPI pins that output to the traffic lights. Formulas are provided to calculate delay times based on the number of T-states (clock cycles) needed by each instruction.
temperature control using 8086 microprocessor by vikas arya
This document describes a temperature control system using an 8086 microprocessor. It includes a block diagram of the components, including an 8279 interfacing with the 8086 microprocessor. It also includes flowcharts and descriptions of the program modules, including an executive section in Module 1 that initializes components and stores temperature and timing variables. Module 2 contains interrupt service procedures, Module 3 contains loop service procedures like temperature control, and Module 4 includes utility procedures like LED display and A/D conversion. The goal is to use this system to maintain the required temperature in industrial processes by controlling heaters based on feedback from temperature sensors.
Design and Simulation Low power SRAM Circuits
SRAMs), focusing on optimizing delay and power. As the scaling trends in the speed and power of SRAMs with size and technology and find that the SRAM delay scales as the logarithm of its size as long as the interconnect delay is negligible. Non-scaling of threshold mismatches with process scaling, causes the signal swings in the bitlines and data lines also not to scale, leading to an increase in the relative delay of an SRAM, across technology generations. Appropriate methods for reduction of power consumption were studied such as capacitance reduction, very low operating voltages, DC and AC current reduction and suppression of leakage currents to name a few.. Many of reviewed techniques are applicable to other applications such as ASICs, DSPs, etc. Battery and solar-cell operation requires an operating voltage environment in low voltage area. These conditions demand new design approaches and more sophisticated concepts to retain high device reliability. The proposed techniques (USRS and LPRS) are topology based and hence easier to implement.
Key Considerations for a Reforming Unit Revamp
Revamp objectives
Revamp Philosophy
Revamp options
Semi-Regenerative Reforming Unit
Typical Flow Scheme
Continuous Reforming Unit
Typical Flow Scheme
Revamp to Hybrid Operation
What may be achieved?
Typical C5+ Yield at Decreasing Pressure
Changes Required for Full Conversion
Typical Benefits of Full Conversion
Revamping of Existing Continuous Reforming Units
Fired Heaters Revamp
Burners
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Regeneration Section
Summary
Public consultation process
This document outlines the public consultation process for projects in India. It discusses who can participate, which includes local residents, welfare groups, and environmental groups near the project site. The public consultation process has three main steps: 1) the proponent requests a public hearing, 2) the pollution control board announces the hearing details, and 3) the board completes the consultation and submits a report. The public hearing allows the proponent to present the project and address questions, comments, and concerns from participants. Following the hearing, a report is produced summarizing the issues raised, responses, and ensuring the process was adequately publicized.
Traffic light controller with verilog
This document provides a summary of an industrial project on a four way traffic control system implemented using an FPGA. The project was completed by Ameesha Singh and Chetan Dabral for their Bachelor of Technology degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering from Mahatma Gandhi Mission's College of Engineering and Technology, affiliated with Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University. The project aims to design a traffic light controller using Verilog HDL that can manage traffic flow at a four road intersection through sequencing the red, yellow, and green lights. Xilinx ISE Project Navigator and iSIM simulator were used for the design, simulation, and testing of the traffic light controller system implemented on an FPGA
Sasmos Report
The document discusses Lean implementation at SasMos HET Technologies Pvt. Ltd., an Indian company that manufactures electrical harnesses and interconnects for aerospace and defense industries. It provides an overview of the company's history, quality standards followed, and plans for growth and expansion. The document also reviews several research papers on applying Lean principles in manufacturing environments through tools like value stream mapping, standard work, and visual controls to reduce waste and improve productivity, quality, and throughput.
8086 String Instructions.pdf
The document discusses string operations in 8086 assembly language. String operations allow copying, searching, storing, and comparing strings of characters in memory. The direction flag (DF) determines whether string operations proceed from left to right or right to left. Instructions like MOVSB, STOSB, LODSB, CMPSB operate on bytes or words in strings and update index registers accordingly based on the DF value. Examples demonstrate using these instructions to copy, store, load, compare, and search strings.
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Traffic Light Controller using 8255
This document describes the design and implementation of a traffic light controller using an 8255 PPI (Programmable Peripheral Interface) chip in an 8085 microprocessor environment. It includes circuit diagrams for the traffic light signals, coding for the traffic light sequences, and an assembly language program that uses delays in a loop to control the light sequences. Memory-mapped I/O is used to control the 8255 PPI pins that output to the traffic lights. Formulas are provided to calculate delay times based on the number of T-states (clock cycles) needed by each instruction.
temperature control using 8086 microprocessor by vikas arya
This document describes a temperature control system using an 8086 microprocessor. It includes a block diagram of the components, including an 8279 interfacing with the 8086 microprocessor. It also includes flowcharts and descriptions of the program modules, including an executive section in Module 1 that initializes components and stores temperature and timing variables. Module 2 contains interrupt service procedures, Module 3 contains loop service procedures like temperature control, and Module 4 includes utility procedures like LED display and A/D conversion. The goal is to use this system to maintain the required temperature in industrial processes by controlling heaters based on feedback from temperature sensors.
Design and Simulation Low power SRAM Circuits
SRAMs), focusing on optimizing delay and power. As the scaling trends in the speed and power of SRAMs with size and technology and find that the SRAM delay scales as the logarithm of its size as long as the interconnect delay is negligible. Non-scaling of threshold mismatches with process scaling, causes the signal swings in the bitlines and data lines also not to scale, leading to an increase in the relative delay of an SRAM, across technology generations. Appropriate methods for reduction of power consumption were studied such as capacitance reduction, very low operating voltages, DC and AC current reduction and suppression of leakage currents to name a few.. Many of reviewed techniques are applicable to other applications such as ASICs, DSPs, etc. Battery and solar-cell operation requires an operating voltage environment in low voltage area. These conditions demand new design approaches and more sophisticated concepts to retain high device reliability. The proposed techniques (USRS and LPRS) are topology based and hence easier to implement.
Key Considerations for a Reforming Unit Revamp
Revamp objectives
Revamp Philosophy
Revamp options
Semi-Regenerative Reforming Unit
Typical Flow Scheme
Continuous Reforming Unit
Typical Flow Scheme
Revamp to Hybrid Operation
What may be achieved?
Typical C5+ Yield at Decreasing Pressure
Changes Required for Full Conversion
Typical Benefits of Full Conversion
Revamping of Existing Continuous Reforming Units
Fired Heaters Revamp
Burners
Reactor Options
Regeneration Section
Summary
Public consultation process
This document outlines the public consultation process for projects in India. It discusses who can participate, which includes local residents, welfare groups, and environmental groups near the project site. The public consultation process has three main steps: 1) the proponent requests a public hearing, 2) the pollution control board announces the hearing details, and 3) the board completes the consultation and submits a report. The public hearing allows the proponent to present the project and address questions, comments, and concerns from participants. Following the hearing, a report is produced summarizing the issues raised, responses, and ensuring the process was adequately publicized.
Traffic light controller with verilog
This document provides a summary of an industrial project on a four way traffic control system implemented using an FPGA. The project was completed by Ameesha Singh and Chetan Dabral for their Bachelor of Technology degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering from Mahatma Gandhi Mission's College of Engineering and Technology, affiliated with Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University. The project aims to design a traffic light controller using Verilog HDL that can manage traffic flow at a four road intersection through sequencing the red, yellow, and green lights. Xilinx ISE Project Navigator and iSIM simulator were used for the design, simulation, and testing of the traffic light controller system implemented on an FPGA
Sasmos Report
The document discusses Lean implementation at SasMos HET Technologies Pvt. Ltd., an Indian company that manufactures electrical harnesses and interconnects for aerospace and defense industries. It provides an overview of the company's history, quality standards followed, and plans for growth and expansion. The document also reviews several research papers on applying Lean principles in manufacturing environments through tools like value stream mapping, standard work, and visual controls to reduce waste and improve productivity, quality, and throughput.
8086 String Instructions.pdf
The document discusses string operations in 8086 assembly language. String operations allow copying, searching, storing, and comparing strings of characters in memory. The direction flag (DF) determines whether string operations proceed from left to right or right to left. Instructions like MOVSB, STOSB, LODSB, CMPSB operate on bytes or words in strings and update index registers accordingly based on the DF value. Examples demonstrate using these instructions to copy, store, load, compare, and search strings.
Petroleum 8
Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) converts heavy gas oil into lighter hydrocarbon products like gasoline and gas oils using a catalyst. The process occurs at intermediate to high temperatures under low pressure. Vacuum gas oil is used as feedstock and cracked over a powdered catalyst like alumina and silica particles to form carbonium ions and products. The spent catalyst is regenerated in a regenerator by burning off coke deposits with air to provide heat for the endothermic cracking reactions. Main products include LPG, gasoline, and gas oils that are separated in a fractionator. Typical conditions are a reactor temperature of 470-540°C and regeneration at 590-610°C.
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) Treatment of Sewage
TREATMENT OF SEWAGE BASED ON UASB PROCESS . Up flow anaerobic sludge blanket process (UASB),was developed by Lettinga and his co-workers in Holland in the early 1970's
Anaerobic granular sludge bed technology refers to a special kind of reactor concept for the "high rate" anaerobic treatment of wastewater.
The major objectives of the UASB process is:
Pre sedimentation anaerobic wastewater treatment and final sedimentation including sludge stabilization are essentially combined in one reactor making it most attractive high-rate wastewater treatment option.
To produce by products like Methane enriched biogas and nutrient rich sludge.
Stp presentation
all about STP and ETP. flowchart, process diagram, tanks, difference between ETP-STP, and a project sample, with pictures and diagrams
TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM USING 8085 MICROPROCESSOR
The document describes a traffic light control system using an 8085 microprocessor. It discusses the need for a traffic light system, describes the basic components including colors and signals. It then covers the hardware details of the 8085-based system and interface board, including ICs used. Algorithms and state diagrams are presented to show the logic for controlling lights and pedestrians.
Timers
The document discusses timer modules and pulse width modulation (PWM) on Atmega microcontrollers. It describes the different timer modules, including an 8-bit and 16-bit timer/counter with options like prescaling and compare/capture modes. It explains timer overflow, compare match, and input capture events. It then provides details on timer/counter 0, including its registers and modes like CTC PWM and fast PWM for generating PWM signals on an output pin.
Multipliers in VLSI
This document discusses various designs for digital multipliers. It begins by reviewing the basic building blocks used in digital circuits and how binary multiplication works by adding partial products. It then describes approaches for implementing multiplication, including right shift and add serial multipliers and faster parallel array and tree multipliers. Booth encoding is introduced as a technique to reduce the number of stages in a multiplier. Implementation details are provided for array and Wallace tree multipliers, including the use of compression cells like the (4,2) counter. Optimization goals for multipliers differ from adders in emphasizing reducing the critical path.
Report on NG Processing Plant
This document provides information about the design basis and process selection for a natural gas processing plant located in Kailashtilla, Sylhet, Bangladesh. The plant will process raw natural gas from wells with a maximum production capacity of 90 MMcfd and current production of 60 MMcfd. Key decisions include selecting Joule-Thomson expansion and a turbo-expander for cryogenic processing to extract natural gas liquids. For dehydration, molecular sieves will be used due to their high capacity and ability to reduce water content to below 0.1 ppm. Several processes were considered and compared for natural gas dehydration and NGL extraction based on factors like efficiency, cost, and operability.
8051 ch9
The document discusses programming timers and counters in the 8051 microcontroller. It describes the two timers/counters in the 8051, timer 0 and timer 1. It explains how to use the timers as timers or counters through settings in the TMOD register. The basic registers for the timers like TH0, TL0, TH1, TL1 are described. Programming examples are provided to illustrate how to set the timer values, start and stop the timers, and generate delays.
AAT
Reg Ho passed the AAT Final Examination in January 2013, as certified by the Examination Committee of the Technicians of The Association of Accounting Sri Lanka. The certificate confirms he passed the exam but does not constitute membership in the Association, which also requires satisfactory completion of practical training.
AAT
This document contains the examination results of Mr. Hemapatirana A for the Foundation level examination administered by the Association of Accounting Technicians of Sri Lanka in 2006. It provides the following information:
1. The candidate received a grade of C or higher in the four subjects taken at the Foundation level, but received an overall result of "Fail" for the Foundation examination.
2. Additional notes explain the grading scheme and criteria for passing individual subjects and the full examination, noting a minimum aggregate score is needed to pass the entire level.
3. The letter congratulates successful candidates and encourages those who were not successful to try again. It also states the results cannot be discussed further.
Chic Paints Ltd (3) (1)
This report analyzes the internal controls and accounting system of Chic Paints Ltd. It examines the company's history, current accounting systems, and compliance with external standards and regulations. The report also identifies key internal stakeholders and evaluates the accounting department, record keeping, training, and ethical practices. Recommendations are provided to improve internal controls, minimize fraud risk, and invest in a more sophisticated accounting software package and staff training. Implementing the recommendations would enhance reporting, working capital management, staff morale, and reduce fraud while ensuring compliance.
Chapter 7 posting journal entries to general ledger accounts
The document discusses key accounting concepts related to general ledgers, including:
1) General ledgers contain individual accounts that are used to record business transactions and track balances over time.
2) Transactions are first recorded in journals and then posted to the relevant accounts in the general ledger to show the impact on individual accounts.
3) A trial balance is prepared that lists all general ledger account names and balances to prove the equality of total debits and credits.
Gestão da qualidade: operações de produção e de serviços
Este documento fornece um resumo sobre gestão da qualidade, abordando conceitos como:
1) A qualidade deve satisfazer as necessidades dos clientes;
2) A melhoria contínua é essencial para manter a qualidade e competitividade;
3) Métodos como PDCA/MASP e ferramentas como 5S ajudam a melhorar processos e resolver problemas.
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Petroleum 8
Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) converts heavy gas oil into lighter hydrocarbon products like gasoline and gas oils using a catalyst. The process occurs at intermediate to high temperatures under low pressure. Vacuum gas oil is used as feedstock and cracked over a powdered catalyst like alumina and silica particles to form carbonium ions and products. The spent catalyst is regenerated in a regenerator by burning off coke deposits with air to provide heat for the endothermic cracking reactions. Main products include LPG, gasoline, and gas oils that are separated in a fractionator. Typical conditions are a reactor temperature of 470-540°C and regeneration at 590-610°C.
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) Treatment of Sewage
TREATMENT OF SEWAGE BASED ON UASB PROCESS . Up flow anaerobic sludge blanket process (UASB),was developed by Lettinga and his co-workers in Holland in the early 1970's
Anaerobic granular sludge bed technology refers to a special kind of reactor concept for the "high rate" anaerobic treatment of wastewater.
The major objectives of the UASB process is:
Pre sedimentation anaerobic wastewater treatment and final sedimentation including sludge stabilization are essentially combined in one reactor making it most attractive high-rate wastewater treatment option.
To produce by products like Methane enriched biogas and nutrient rich sludge.
Stp presentation
all about STP and ETP. flowchart, process diagram, tanks, difference between ETP-STP, and a project sample, with pictures and diagrams
TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM USING 8085 MICROPROCESSOR
The document describes a traffic light control system using an 8085 microprocessor. It discusses the need for a traffic light system, describes the basic components including colors and signals. It then covers the hardware details of the 8085-based system and interface board, including ICs used. Algorithms and state diagrams are presented to show the logic for controlling lights and pedestrians.
Timers
The document discusses timer modules and pulse width modulation (PWM) on Atmega microcontrollers. It describes the different timer modules, including an 8-bit and 16-bit timer/counter with options like prescaling and compare/capture modes. It explains timer overflow, compare match, and input capture events. It then provides details on timer/counter 0, including its registers and modes like CTC PWM and fast PWM for generating PWM signals on an output pin.
Multipliers in VLSI
This document discusses various designs for digital multipliers. It begins by reviewing the basic building blocks used in digital circuits and how binary multiplication works by adding partial products. It then describes approaches for implementing multiplication, including right shift and add serial multipliers and faster parallel array and tree multipliers. Booth encoding is introduced as a technique to reduce the number of stages in a multiplier. Implementation details are provided for array and Wallace tree multipliers, including the use of compression cells like the (4,2) counter. Optimization goals for multipliers differ from adders in emphasizing reducing the critical path.
Report on NG Processing Plant
This document provides information about the design basis and process selection for a natural gas processing plant located in Kailashtilla, Sylhet, Bangladesh. The plant will process raw natural gas from wells with a maximum production capacity of 90 MMcfd and current production of 60 MMcfd. Key decisions include selecting Joule-Thomson expansion and a turbo-expander for cryogenic processing to extract natural gas liquids. For dehydration, molecular sieves will be used due to their high capacity and ability to reduce water content to below 0.1 ppm. Several processes were considered and compared for natural gas dehydration and NGL extraction based on factors like efficiency, cost, and operability.
8051 ch9
The document discusses programming timers and counters in the 8051 microcontroller. It describes the two timers/counters in the 8051, timer 0 and timer 1. It explains how to use the timers as timers or counters through settings in the TMOD register. The basic registers for the timers like TH0, TL0, TH1, TL1 are described. Programming examples are provided to illustrate how to set the timer values, start and stop the timers, and generate delays.
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AAT
Reg Ho passed the AAT Final Examination in January 2013, as certified by the Examination Committee of the Technicians of The Association of Accounting Sri Lanka. The certificate confirms he passed the exam but does not constitute membership in the Association, which also requires satisfactory completion of practical training.
AAT
This document contains the examination results of Mr. Hemapatirana A for the Foundation level examination administered by the Association of Accounting Technicians of Sri Lanka in 2006. It provides the following information:
1. The candidate received a grade of C or higher in the four subjects taken at the Foundation level, but received an overall result of "Fail" for the Foundation examination.
2. Additional notes explain the grading scheme and criteria for passing individual subjects and the full examination, noting a minimum aggregate score is needed to pass the entire level.
3. The letter congratulates successful candidates and encourages those who were not successful to try again. It also states the results cannot be discussed further.
Chic Paints Ltd (3) (1)
This report analyzes the internal controls and accounting system of Chic Paints Ltd. It examines the company's history, current accounting systems, and compliance with external standards and regulations. The report also identifies key internal stakeholders and evaluates the accounting department, record keeping, training, and ethical practices. Recommendations are provided to improve internal controls, minimize fraud risk, and invest in a more sophisticated accounting software package and staff training. Implementing the recommendations would enhance reporting, working capital management, staff morale, and reduce fraud while ensuring compliance.
Chapter 7 posting journal entries to general ledger accounts
The document discusses key accounting concepts related to general ledgers, including:
1) General ledgers contain individual accounts that are used to record business transactions and track balances over time.
2) Transactions are first recorded in journals and then posted to the relevant accounts in the general ledger to show the impact on individual accounts.
3) A trial balance is prepared that lists all general ledger account names and balances to prove the equality of total debits and credits.
Gestão da qualidade: operações de produção e de serviços
Este documento fornece um resumo sobre gestão da qualidade, abordando conceitos como:
1) A qualidade deve satisfazer as necessidades dos clientes;
2) A melhoria contínua é essencial para manter a qualidade e competitividade;
3) Métodos como PDCA/MASP e ferramentas como 5S ajudam a melhorar processos e resolver problemas.
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Chapter 7 posting journal entries to general ledger accounts
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Gestão da qualidade: operações de produção e de serviços
Gestão da qualidade: operações de produção e de serviços