The document classifies and provides examples of different types of numbers: - Real numbers (R) include numbers like √2, π, e, fractions, and decimals. - Complex numbers (C) are in the form a + bi and include numbers like 2 + 2i. - Rational numbers (Q) are fractions like 1/2, 1/4, and integers can be written as fractions. - Integers (Z) are whole numbers both positive and negative like -3, 0, 34. - Natural numbers (N) are the counting numbers starting from 1 and do not include 0.