The document describes the habitat requirements and management recommendations for multiple species of wildlife. It discusses the dietary needs, water requirements, and preferred nesting and cover habitats for each species. Common recommendations include controlling invasive vegetation, conducting wildlife surveys, planting trees and shrubs, and establishing native grasses and forbs to provide food and shelter. Water needs vary by species but are important during warm seasons for many. Nesting typically occurs in tree cavities, shrubs, burrows, or man-made structures depending on the species.

2.  Earthworms, insects & spiders, and soft
mast.

3.  Control non-native invasive vegetation
 Fish or wildlife survey
 Nesting structures
 Plant shrubs
 Plant trees
 Mowing

4.  Require water daily in warm seasons;
obtain water from low-lying areas,
ponds, even yard irrigation and rain-filled
gutters.

5.  Shrubs, evergreen trees, and deciduous
trees used for nesting and escape;
evergreen trees often used for early
nests.

10.  Insects & spiders

11.  Control non-native invasive vegetation
 Fish or wildlife survey
 mowing

12.  Obtain ample water from diet, but water
sources attract insects, which provide
food for the nighthawks.

13.  Riparian areas, ridge tops, flat rooftops,
and other places with numerous sand
and gravel areas are favorite nesting
locations.

18.  Insects and spiders

19.  Control non-native invasive vegetation
 Fish or wildlife survey
 Nesting structure
 Plant trees
 Water developments for wildlife
 Wildlife damage management

20.  Free-standing water is required daily
when they are active.

21.  Buildings and hollow trees are often used
for daytime roosts; bat houses may also
be used for daytime roosting; caves,
mines and buildings are used for
hibernation.

26.  Bark, buds, fungi, grain, hard mast,
insects and spiders, seeds, and soft mast.

27.  Control non-native invasive vegetation
 Fish or wildlife survey
 Nesting structure
 Plant shrubs
 Plant trees
 Wildlife damage management
 Artificial feeders

28.  Necessary water is generally obtained
through diet, but free-standing water is
also used.

29.  Stage 6forest and woodlands; suburban
and urban areas with mature trees; den
in tree cavities and also build nests of
leaves and twigs

34.  Hard mast, insects and spiders, seeds,
soft mast.

35.  Control non-native invasive vegetation
 Fish or wildlife survey
 Plant shrubs
 Plant trees
 Wildlife damage management
 Artificial feeders
 mowing

36.  Daily water requirements unknown;
sufficient water is probably obtained
from diet.

37.  Tree cavities are used for nesting; old
mature trees that show signs of dying or
rotting are often used; softwood trees
such as yellow poplar, cottonwood and
willow are preferred; flickers will nest in
posts, holes in banks, and holes in houses
and structures where trees are
unavailable.

42.  Insects and spiders, and soft mast.

43.  Control non-native invasive vegetation
 Establish native grasses and forbs
 Fish or wildlife survey
 Nesting structure
 Plant shrubs
 Plant trees
 mowing

44.  Obtain necessary water from diet but
may use other water sources when
available.

45.  Nest in cavities of trees and fence posts;
old woodpecker posts are especially
important; readily nest in the nesting
boxes, which have had a major impact
in restoring bluebird populations In some
areas.

50.  Insects and spiders, and soft mast.

51.  Control non-native invasive vegetation
 Establish native grasses and forbs
 Fish or wildlife survey
 Nesting structures
 Plant shrubs
 Plant trees
 Artificial feeders
 Mowing
 Plant flowers

52.  Obtain necessary water from diet but
may use other water sources when
available.

53.  Nest in cavities of trees and fence posts;
old woodpecker cavities are especially
important; readily nest in nesting boxes,
which have had a major impact in
restoring blue-bird populations in some
areas.

58.  Grains and seeds.

59.  Fish or wildlife survey
 Wildlife damage management

60.  Free-standing water is required
frequently during warm seasons.

61.  Barn lofts, window ledges, roof tops,
bridges and a variety of other structures.

66.  Earthworms, grain, insects and spiders,
seeds, and soft mast.

67.  Fish or wildlife survey
 Wildlife damage management

68.  Require water during warm seasons.

69.  Nest in tree cavities, old buildings.

74. Earthworms, and insects and spiders.

75.  Necessary water is obtained from the
diet.

76.  Control non-native invasive vegetation
 Fish or wildlife survey
 Nesting structure
 Plant shrubs
 Plant trees

77.  Nest in natural cavities in trees, old
buildings and other structures.

82.  Insects and spiders, and nectar

83.  Control non-native invasive vegetation
 Fish or wildlife survey
 Plant shrubs
 Plant trees
 Artificial feeders
 Plant flowers
 Rooftop/balcony gardens

84.  Necessary water obtained from diet.

85.  Trees and shrubs for nesting; flowers for
feeding.

90.  Bark, buds, forbs, grain, grass, leaves and
twigs, and soft mast.

91.  Control non-native invasive vegetation
 Establish native grasses and forbs
 Fish or wildlife survey
 Plant shrubs
 Wildlife damage management
 Mowing

92.  Necessary water obtained from diet.

93.  Grassland, shrub vegetation and ground
burrows for hiding and nesting cover.

98.  Insects and spiders, seeds, and soft mast.

99.  Control non-native invasive vegetation
 Establish native grasses and forbs
 Fish or wildlife survey
 Plant shrubs
 Water developments for wildlife
 Artificial feeders

100.  Free-standing water is required
frequently during the warm seasons.

101.  Thick shrubs and herbaceous cover for
nesting, loafing, and escape.

106.  Buds, earthworms, grain, insects and
spiders, seeds, and soft mast.

107.  Fish or wildlife survey
 Wildlife damage management

108.  Free-standing water is required daily in
warm seasons.

109.  Nest in natural cavities, low branches of
trees and bushes 5 feet to 7 feet above
the ground, and on any projection or
ledge they can find on buildings or other
structures.

114.  Buds, insects and spiders, seeds, and soft
mast.

115.  Control non-native invasive vegetation
 Establish native grasses and forbs
 Fish or wildlife survey
 Plant shrubs
 Plant trees
 Artificial feeders
 Mowing

116.  Free-standing water is needed daily in
the warm season.

117.  Nest 5 feet to 7 feet above the ground
on low branches of trees, branches of
bushes, in natural cavities, old holes
excavated by woodpeckers, and any
projection or ledge they can find on
houses and buildings.

122.  Control non-native invasive vegetation
 Fish or wildlife survey
 Plant shrubs
 Plant trees
 Water control structures
 Water development for wildlife
 Wildlife damage management

123.  Birds, carrion, crayfish, earthworms, eggs,
fish, frogs and salamanders, grain, hard
mast, insects and spiders, lizards,
mammals, mussels, seeds, snails, snakes,
soft mast, and tubers.

124.  Require water frequently during warm
seasons.

125.  Riparian areas, bottomland hardwoods
and along other wetlands; natural tree
cavities are used for denning and
daytime loafing; also dens in ground
burrows under stumps, brush and junk
piles, old abandoned buildings and
rocky cliffs and ledges.

130.  Bark, buds, forbs, grain, grass, leaves and
twigs, and soft mast

131.  Control non-native invasive vegetation
 Establish native grasses and forbs
 Fish or wildlife survey
 Plant shrubs
 Wildlife damage management
 mowing

132.  Necessary water obtained from diet.

133.  Shrub cover, brushpiles, native perennial
warm-season grasses and forbs(stage 3)
for loafing and escape cover; burrows
are also used for denning and escape.

138.  Bark, buds, forbs, grain, grass, leaves and
twigs, and soft mast

139.  Control non-native invasive vegetation
 Establish native grasses and forbs
 Fish or wildlife survey
 Plant shrubs
 Wildlife damage management
 Mowing

140.  Thick shrubs and burrows for nesting and
cover.

141.  Necessary water obtained from diet.