A theoretical and empirical review of the relationship between head teachers’ leadership styles and kcpe performance in public primary schools in kenya
The document discusses a study on the relationship between headteachers' leadership styles and student performance on the Kenya Certificate of Primary Education (KCPE) exam in public primary schools in Kenya. The study used questionnaires, interviews and document analysis administered to headteachers and PTA chairs. The findings showed that schools with headteachers exhibiting democratic and consultative leadership styles had higher average KCPE scores than those with autocratic styles. Additionally, lack of consultation with teachers and stakeholders was found to negatively impact student performance. The researchers concluded that understanding the relationship between leadership styles and exam results could help improve education policies and training for headteachers.
Supervision as a Determinant of Public Secondary School Teachers’ Effectivene...iosrjce
The study investigated supervision as a determinant of public secondary school teachers’
effectiveness in Central Senatorial District of Delta State. Seven research questions were raised and answered
and seven hypotheses were formulated and tested to guide the study. The study used the correlational research
design. A sample of 997 teachers was utilized for the study. The research instrument used for data collection
was the questionnaire titled teachers’ supervision and teachers’ effectiveness (TSTE) questionnaire. The data
collected were analyzed using simple percentage for the socio-demographic data and simple regression and
correlation statistics for the research questions and hypotheses. The seven hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level
of significance. The results revealed that there was a significant relationship between teachers’ supervision and
their teaching effectiveness, there was a significant relationship between teachers’ educational qualification and
their teaching effectiveness, and there was a significant relationship between teachers’ teaching experience and
their teaching effectiveness, hence supervision was seen as a vital and critical element of teaching effectiveness.
Assessment of personnel management skills among private school owners in ifak...ResearchWap
ABSTRACT
This study investigated the teachers’ assessment of personnel management skills by school owners in Ilorin West, Kwara State.
Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study and multi-stage sampling method which involved proportionate, stratified and random sampling techniques was adopted to draw a total of 100 respondents that participated in the study. Teaching methods adopted by basic science teachers and the implication Questionnaire was used to collect data for the study. The Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) of inferential statistics were used to test the null hypotheses postulated for the study at 0.05 alpha level while, frequency count and percentages were used to compute the demographic data collected.
The findings of the study revealed that There is a significant relationship between teachers’ assessment and personnel management skills by school owners in Ilorin West, Kwara State. There is a significant difference between the financial entitlements and the personnel management skills among private school owners in Ifako Ijaye Local Government Area of Lagos State. There is a significant difference between the Professional development and the personnel management skills among private school owners in Ifako Ijaye Local Government Area of Lagos State. There is a significant difference between the Staff Welfare and the personnel management skills among private school owners in Ifako Ijaye Local Government Area of Lagos State.
Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that there should be seminar giving to the teachers on important of assessment and personnel management skills by school owners in Ilorin West, Kwara State. There should be seminar giving to the administration on the effects of financial entitlements and the personnel management skills among private school owners in Ifako Ijaye Local Government Area of Lagos State. There should be seminar giving to the administration on the effects of Professional development and the personnel management skills among private school owners in Ifako Ijaye Local Government Area of Lagos State. There should be seminar giving to the administration on the effects of Staff Welfare and the personnel management skills among private school owners in Ifako Ijaye Local Government Area of Lagos State.
The Influence of Competency and Organizational Culture on Performance Lecture...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Purpose do research is to analyze and test influence, competence cultural, organization motivationand commitment to satisfaction lecturer PTS employed kopertis the ix in Makassar, to analyze and test influence, competence cultural, organization motivation and commitment to lecturer PTS performance employed kopertis the ix in makassar, and to analyze and test influence satisfaction with the performance of lecturer pts employed kopertis the ix in makassar.To apply these objectives then used the technique of data collection through the dissemination of a questionnaire and documentation-documentation, using the methods of analysis i.e. analysis descriptive, statistical analysis of inferensial using SEM analysis and testing of validity and reliability. The results of the study conducted found that competence effect significantly to job satisfaction, organizational culture is not significant effect against lecturers, job satisfaction, work motivation with job satisfaction lecturer Kopertis region IX employed on building in Makassar, shows there is a significant influence of motivation with a lecturer job satisfaction. The results of the analysis on the influence on performance competence significantly influential professors. Organizational culture with the performance of the region IX Kopertis lecturers employed at the institution in Makassar showed there was significant influence towards the satisfaction of region IX Kopertis lecturers employed at the institution in Makassar. influence the motivation of working towards a performance lecturer Kopertis region IX employed on PTS in Makassar. Research results influence organizational commitment towards job satisfaction lecturer there is significant influence on performance lecturer. The results of the analysis of organizational commitment not significantly to the performance of a lecturer
Supervision as a Determinant of Public Secondary School Teachers’ Effectivene...iosrjce
The study investigated supervision as a determinant of public secondary school teachers’
effectiveness in Central Senatorial District of Delta State. Seven research questions were raised and answered
and seven hypotheses were formulated and tested to guide the study. The study used the correlational research
design. A sample of 997 teachers was utilized for the study. The research instrument used for data collection
was the questionnaire titled teachers’ supervision and teachers’ effectiveness (TSTE) questionnaire. The data
collected were analyzed using simple percentage for the socio-demographic data and simple regression and
correlation statistics for the research questions and hypotheses. The seven hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level
of significance. The results revealed that there was a significant relationship between teachers’ supervision and
their teaching effectiveness, there was a significant relationship between teachers’ educational qualification and
their teaching effectiveness, and there was a significant relationship between teachers’ teaching experience and
their teaching effectiveness, hence supervision was seen as a vital and critical element of teaching effectiveness.
Assessment of personnel management skills among private school owners in ifak...ResearchWap
ABSTRACT
This study investigated the teachers’ assessment of personnel management skills by school owners in Ilorin West, Kwara State.
Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study and multi-stage sampling method which involved proportionate, stratified and random sampling techniques was adopted to draw a total of 100 respondents that participated in the study. Teaching methods adopted by basic science teachers and the implication Questionnaire was used to collect data for the study. The Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) of inferential statistics were used to test the null hypotheses postulated for the study at 0.05 alpha level while, frequency count and percentages were used to compute the demographic data collected.
The findings of the study revealed that There is a significant relationship between teachers’ assessment and personnel management skills by school owners in Ilorin West, Kwara State. There is a significant difference between the financial entitlements and the personnel management skills among private school owners in Ifako Ijaye Local Government Area of Lagos State. There is a significant difference between the Professional development and the personnel management skills among private school owners in Ifako Ijaye Local Government Area of Lagos State. There is a significant difference between the Staff Welfare and the personnel management skills among private school owners in Ifako Ijaye Local Government Area of Lagos State.
Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that there should be seminar giving to the teachers on important of assessment and personnel management skills by school owners in Ilorin West, Kwara State. There should be seminar giving to the administration on the effects of financial entitlements and the personnel management skills among private school owners in Ifako Ijaye Local Government Area of Lagos State. There should be seminar giving to the administration on the effects of Professional development and the personnel management skills among private school owners in Ifako Ijaye Local Government Area of Lagos State. There should be seminar giving to the administration on the effects of Staff Welfare and the personnel management skills among private school owners in Ifako Ijaye Local Government Area of Lagos State.
The Influence of Competency and Organizational Culture on Performance Lecture...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Purpose do research is to analyze and test influence, competence cultural, organization motivationand commitment to satisfaction lecturer PTS employed kopertis the ix in Makassar, to analyze and test influence, competence cultural, organization motivation and commitment to lecturer PTS performance employed kopertis the ix in makassar, and to analyze and test influence satisfaction with the performance of lecturer pts employed kopertis the ix in makassar.To apply these objectives then used the technique of data collection through the dissemination of a questionnaire and documentation-documentation, using the methods of analysis i.e. analysis descriptive, statistical analysis of inferensial using SEM analysis and testing of validity and reliability. The results of the study conducted found that competence effect significantly to job satisfaction, organizational culture is not significant effect against lecturers, job satisfaction, work motivation with job satisfaction lecturer Kopertis region IX employed on building in Makassar, shows there is a significant influence of motivation with a lecturer job satisfaction. The results of the analysis on the influence on performance competence significantly influential professors. Organizational culture with the performance of the region IX Kopertis lecturers employed at the institution in Makassar showed there was significant influence towards the satisfaction of region IX Kopertis lecturers employed at the institution in Makassar. influence the motivation of working towards a performance lecturer Kopertis region IX employed on PTS in Makassar. Research results influence organizational commitment towards job satisfaction lecturer there is significant influence on performance lecturer. The results of the analysis of organizational commitment not significantly to the performance of a lecturer
This study aims to form a lecturer achievement index model based on student perceptions by looking
at the caseality relationship between latent variables, namely professional, social, personality and pedagogical
competencies of lecturers
Management Role Performance Appraisal of State Elementary School Heads in Nor...ijtsrd
Management role performance appraisal is very essential to gauge the success and whereabouts of any organization. Using descriptive evaluative correlational method this study sought to determine the management role performance of state elementary school heads in the province of Northern Samar, Philippines. A total of 100 school heads and 300 teachers were selected as participants for this study. This study bank on Minstzberg’s management role conceptual categories, to wit interpersonal managing through people informational managing be information and decisional managing through action . Data revealed that the appraisals made by the school heads themselves and their teacher constituents are both outstanding. It can be noted however, that the appraisal rating performed by the teacher constituents is way higher than the self administered appraisals of the school heads. Leah A. De Asis | Brenfred N. Romero "Management Role Performance Appraisal of State Elementary School Heads in Northern Samar, Philippines" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38468.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/38468/management-role-performance-appraisal-of-state-elementary-school-heads-in-northern-samar-philippines/leah-a-de-asis
"Educational management is the theory and practice of the organization and administration of existing education establishments and systems."
Educational management, the name implies, operates in the educational organizations. There is no defining definition of educational management because its development has drawn heavily on several disciplines like economics, political science and sociology.
Customer's perception of public relation in e commerce and its impact on e-lo...Samar Rahi
This study aims to inspect the relationship between Customer’s Perception of Public Relation (PRP), Customer Perceived Value (CPV) on E-Loyalty; further test the moderating role of Switching Cost and Brand Image in that relationship.
This study aims to form a lecturer achievement index model based on student perceptions by looking
at the caseality relationship between latent variables, namely professional, social, personality and pedagogical
competencies of lecturers
Management Role Performance Appraisal of State Elementary School Heads in Nor...ijtsrd
Management role performance appraisal is very essential to gauge the success and whereabouts of any organization. Using descriptive evaluative correlational method this study sought to determine the management role performance of state elementary school heads in the province of Northern Samar, Philippines. A total of 100 school heads and 300 teachers were selected as participants for this study. This study bank on Minstzberg’s management role conceptual categories, to wit interpersonal managing through people informational managing be information and decisional managing through action . Data revealed that the appraisals made by the school heads themselves and their teacher constituents are both outstanding. It can be noted however, that the appraisal rating performed by the teacher constituents is way higher than the self administered appraisals of the school heads. Leah A. De Asis | Brenfred N. Romero "Management Role Performance Appraisal of State Elementary School Heads in Northern Samar, Philippines" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38468.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/38468/management-role-performance-appraisal-of-state-elementary-school-heads-in-northern-samar-philippines/leah-a-de-asis
"Educational management is the theory and practice of the organization and administration of existing education establishments and systems."
Educational management, the name implies, operates in the educational organizations. There is no defining definition of educational management because its development has drawn heavily on several disciplines like economics, political science and sociology.
Customer's perception of public relation in e commerce and its impact on e-lo...Samar Rahi
This study aims to inspect the relationship between Customer’s Perception of Public Relation (PRP), Customer Perceived Value (CPV) on E-Loyalty; further test the moderating role of Switching Cost and Brand Image in that relationship.
Similar to A theoretical and empirical review of the relationship between head teachers’ leadership styles and kcpe performance in public primary schools in kenya
THE PRINCIPAL HUMAN RELATION STRATEGIES AND TEACHERS JOB PERFORMANCES OF SECO...ResearchWap
This study examined principal human relation strategies and teachers' job performance in secondary schools in Patigi Local Government
Area, Kwara State.
A sample of secondary schools was randomly selected. The questionnaire was administered to one hundred and sixty principals and Teachers for research, questions were generated and tested for the study. The result obtained showed good principal human relation strategies and Teachers' job performance by involving them in Motivation, Communication, Safety and collaboration for smoothly running of the school.
Therefore, the principal and Teachers should continue having a good relationship to bring about improvement of the teacher and output of the school (student). The principal can also influence the teacher’s activities towards improving teacher skills, organizing workshops, in-service training and seminars.
Assessment of personnel management skills among private school owners in ifak...ResearchWap
ABSTRACT
This study investigated the teachers’ assessment of personnel management skills by school owners in Ilorin West, Kwara State.
Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study and multi-stage sampling method which involved proportionate, stratified and random sampling techniques was adopted to draw a total of 100 respondents that participated in the study. Teaching methods adopted by basic science teachers and the implication Questionnaire was used to collect data for the study. The Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) of inferential statistics were used to test the null hypotheses postulated for the study at 0.05 alpha level while, frequency count and percentages were used to compute the demographic data collected.
The findings of the study revealed that There is a significant relationship between teachers’ assessment and personnel management skills by school owners in Ilorin West, Kwara State. There is a significant difference between the financial entitlements and the personnel management skills among private school owners in Ifako Ijaye Local Government Area of Lagos State. There is a significant difference between the Professional development and the personnel management skills among private school owners in Ifako Ijaye Local Government Area of Lagos State. There is a significant difference between the Staff Welfare and the personnel management skills among private school owners in Ifako Ijaye Local Government Area of Lagos State.
Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that there should be seminar giving to the teachers on important of assessment and personnel management skills by school owners in Ilorin West, Kwara State. There should be seminar giving to the administration on the effects of financial entitlements and the personnel management skills among private school owners in Ifako Ijaye Local Government Area of Lagos State. There should be seminar giving to the administration on the effects of Professional development and the personnel management skills among private school owners in Ifako Ijaye Local Government Area of Lagos State. There should be seminar giving to the administration on the effects of Staff Welfare and the personnel management skills among private school owners in Ifako Ijaye Local Government Area of Lagos State.
American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development is indexed, refereed and peer-reviewed journal, which is designed to publish research articles.
American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development is indexed, refereed and peer-reviewed journal, which is designed to publish research articles.
Management Practices of School Principals to Enhance Teacher Excellence in Co...JoanieHaramain1
This article focuses on the management practices of public secondary school principals as perceived by school managers and secondary school teachers to improve teacher excellence and students' performance for the attainment of quality education.
The main purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between teachers’
perceptions towards their leadership capacity and the school’s organizational climate at Choi Hung
Estate Catholic School, Hong Kong, China. The theories used in this study were Hersey-Blanchard
Situational Leadership Theory, Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory, and Stage-Environment Fit
Theory. The survey collected data covered the whole population, 103 teachers of the selected institute participated. The research instrument was an online questionnaire including 1) Demographic information, 2) School Organizational Climate Questionnaire, and 3) the Teacher Leadership Capacity Questionnaire. The raw data collected was analyzed by frequency and percentages, descriptive statistics, and as well as standard deviation and finally, the correlation coefficient was analyzed using
Pearson product. The results of the study indicated that the teacher’s perception of their leadership
capacity was moderate (3.35), the level of school climate was moderate (3.07). The Pearson Product measuring correlation analysis indicated that there was a significant relationship between the teacher’s
perception of their leadership capacity as well as the school organizational climate were found to be
moderately positively correlated, r (103) =.547**, p = . 001. The school administration and the
teachers in the target school are recommended to enhance and embrace training programs for them to
enhance consistency, compassion, care as well as problem-solving.
Selected Head Teachers Leadership Styles and Their Influence on Pupils Academ...paperpublications3
Abstract: The Kenya Government has invested resources on Free Primary Education in order to improve on the pupil’s academic performance. Despite the high investment in training school heads, the performance in Kenya Certificate of Primary Education (KCPE) in many schools is still low especially in Tindiret Sub-County. This may be attributed to several influences of headteachers leadership styles among other factors. Poor academic performance in some schools has resulted to public outcry, protests by parents. This study investigated the extent to which selected headteachers’ leadership styles influences pupils’ academic performance. The study adopted descriptive research design. The target population comprised of 76 headteachers and 532 teachers in Tindiret Sub-County. Two-self-administered questionnaires were used to obtain data on headteachers’ and teachers’ perceptions on school leadership styles in relation to academic performance. Document analysis of KCPE results gathered information about the school KCPE performance from 2011 to 2014. The results of the study’s findings were that, the autocratic and laissez faire leadership styles had significant negative relationship with school performance in schools. Democratic and transformational leadership styles had significant positive relationship (p<0.05) with academic performance of schools. The study recommends that school head teachers to involve other stakeholders in decision making, they should involve teachers and pupils in setting school targets, they should hold regular meetings and champion the application of transformational leadership ideals.
Peter Kiio Manundu1
, Dr. Janet Mulwa2
, Dr. Rose Mwanza
Abstract: This study sought to investigate the influence of delegation of duties as a principal’s motivational practice
on teacher retention in public secondary schools in Kamukunji sub county, Nairobi County, Kenya. The study
objective sought to determine the influence of delegation of duties on teacher retention in public secondary schools
in Kamukunji Sub-County. Descriptive survey research design was used in the study. The target population
consisted of all the 8 secondary schools principals and all the 235 teachers from Kamukunji Sub-county from
which a sample of 7 principals and 67 teachers was selected using census sampling and proportionate stratified
sampling techniques and simple random sampling. Questionnaires were used as data collection tools. Reliability
was tested using the test-retest technique to determine the degree to which test scores were consistent. The data
was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings from quantitative data were presented in cross tabulation
tables, pie charts and bar graphs. Qualitative data was analysed qualitatively by organizing data into themes as
per the objectives of the study and the findings were presented in a narrative form. The study found that
delegation of duties had significant influence on teacher retention in public secondary schools in Kamukunji SubCounty, Nairobi County, Kenya. The study observed that all the school principals 100% and 91.0% of the teachers
agreed that delegation of duties provides teachers the ability to learn and develop new skills. This means that
delegation of duties significantly influences teacher retention. The study concluded that delegation of duties allows
teachers to acquire and develop new skills, as well as build trust and increase communication between them. The
study recommends that the administration of the school should make an attempt to allocate responsibility roles to
teachers as early as possible and allow them to gain the requisite experience.
Keywords: Delegation of duties, Teacher retention, Motivational practice.
School as organization by Mr. Jefferson LeronaIreneGumiran
PhD EM 309 (Organization and Management of Preschool, Basic Education and Higher Education)
Similar to A theoretical and empirical review of the relationship between head teachers’ leadership styles and kcpe performance in public primary schools in kenya (20)
Improving profitability for small businessBen Wann
In this comprehensive presentation, we will explore strategies and practical tips for enhancing profitability in small businesses. Tailored to meet the unique challenges faced by small enterprises, this session covers various aspects that directly impact the bottom line. Attendees will learn how to optimize operational efficiency, manage expenses, and increase revenue through innovative marketing and customer engagement techniques.
[Note: This is a partial preview. To download this presentation, visit:
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Sustainability has become an increasingly critical topic as the world recognizes the need to protect our planet and its resources for future generations. Sustainability means meeting our current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. It involves long-term planning and consideration of the consequences of our actions. The goal is to create strategies that ensure the long-term viability of People, Planet, and Profit.
Leading companies such as Nike, Toyota, and Siemens are prioritizing sustainable innovation in their business models, setting an example for others to follow. In this Sustainability training presentation, you will learn key concepts, principles, and practices of sustainability applicable across industries. This training aims to create awareness and educate employees, senior executives, consultants, and other key stakeholders, including investors, policymakers, and supply chain partners, on the importance and implementation of sustainability.
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1. Develop a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principles and concepts that form the foundation of sustainability within corporate environments.
2. Explore the sustainability implementation model, focusing on effective measures and reporting strategies to track and communicate sustainability efforts.
3. Identify and define best practices and critical success factors essential for achieving sustainability goals within organizations.
CONTENTS
1. Introduction and Key Concepts of Sustainability
2. Principles and Practices of Sustainability
3. Measures and Reporting in Sustainability
4. Sustainability Implementation & Best Practices
To download the complete presentation, visit: https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations
Accpac to QuickBooks Conversion Navigating the Transition with Online Account...PaulBryant58
This article provides a comprehensive guide on how to
effectively manage the convert Accpac to QuickBooks , with a particular focus on utilizing online accounting services to streamline the process.
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𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 (𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬) is a professional event agency that includes experts in the event-organizing market in Vietnam, Korea, and ASEAN countries. We provide unlimited types of events from Music concerts, Fan meetings, and Culture festivals to Corporate events, Internal company events, Golf tournaments, MICE events, and Exhibitions.
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Enterprise Excellence is Inclusive Excellence.pdfKaiNexus
Enterprise excellence and inclusive excellence are closely linked, and real-world challenges have shown that both are essential to the success of any organization. To achieve enterprise excellence, organizations must focus on improving their operations and processes while creating an inclusive environment that engages everyone. In this interactive session, the facilitator will highlight commonly established business practices and how they limit our ability to engage everyone every day. More importantly, though, participants will likely gain increased awareness of what we can do differently to maximize enterprise excellence through deliberate inclusion.
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Enterprise Excellence is a holistic approach that's aimed at achieving world-class performance across all aspects of the organization.
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A way to engage all in creating Inclusive Excellence. Lessons from the US military and their parallels to the story of Harry Potter. How belt systems and CI teams can destroy inclusive practices. How leadership language invites people to the party. There are three things leaders can do to engage everyone every day: maximizing psychological safety to create environments where folks learn, contribute, and challenge the status quo.
Who might benefit? Anyone and everyone leading folks from the shop floor to top floor.
Dr. William Harvey is a seasoned Operations Leader with extensive experience in chemical processing, manufacturing, and operations management. At Michelman, he currently oversees multiple sites, leading teams in strategic planning and coaching/practicing continuous improvement. William is set to start his eighth year of teaching at the University of Cincinnati where he teaches marketing, finance, and management. William holds various certifications in change management, quality, leadership, operational excellence, team building, and DiSC, among others.
The world of search engine optimization (SEO) is buzzing with discussions after Google confirmed that around 2,500 leaked internal documents related to its Search feature are indeed authentic. The revelation has sparked significant concerns within the SEO community. The leaked documents were initially reported by SEO experts Rand Fishkin and Mike King, igniting widespread analysis and discourse. For More Info:- https://news.arihantwebtech.com/search-disrupted-googles-leaked-documents-rock-the-seo-world/
RMD24 | Retail media: hoe zet je dit in als je geen AH of Unilever bent? Heid...BBPMedia1
Grote partijen zijn al een tijdje onderweg met retail media. Ondertussen worden in dit domein ook de kansen zichtbaar voor andere spelers in de markt. Maar met die kansen ontstaan ook vragen: Zelf retail media worden of erop adverteren? In welke fase van de funnel past het en hoe integreer je het in een mediaplan? Wat is nu precies het verschil met marketplaces en Programmatic ads? In dit half uur beslechten we de dilemma's en krijg je antwoorden op wanneer het voor jou tijd is om de volgende stap te zetten.
Putting the SPARK into Virtual Training.pptxCynthia Clay
This 60-minute webinar, sponsored by Adobe, was delivered for the Training Mag Network. It explored the five elements of SPARK: Storytelling, Purpose, Action, Relationships, and Kudos. Knowing how to tell a well-structured story is key to building long-term memory. Stating a clear purpose that doesn't take away from the discovery learning process is critical. Ensuring that people move from theory to practical application is imperative. Creating strong social learning is the key to commitment and engagement. Validating and affirming participants' comments is the way to create a positive learning environment.
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A theoretical and empirical review of the relationship between head teachers’ leadership styles and kcpe performance in public primary schools in kenya
1. Journal of Education and Practice www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online)
Vol.5, No.25, 2014
A Theoretical and Empirical Review of the Relationship between
Head Teachers’ Leadership Styles and KCPE Performance in
Public Primary Schools in Kenya
William Wainaina Mwaura, Dr. Ruth Thinguri, Mr. Peter Wanjau Mwangi
School of Education, Mount Kenya University, P. O. Box, 342-01000, Thika, Kenya.
Corresponding Author Email: willwainaina@yahoo.com
Abstract
The quality of education depicted in any school is largely influenced by the quality of leadership exhibited by the
school administrator in that institution. Effective teamwork and networking among stakeholders in a school is a
source of motivation that drives all people involved to work towards the achievement of the goals of that
institution. It is the obligation of the institution leader to influence those workers under him or her to strive to
achieve the institutional goals through the application of appropriate leadership skills. In this article, the authors
discuss the findings from the study carried out on the relationship between headteachers’ leadership styles on
KCPE performance in public primary schools in central region of Kenya. The study is based on normative
decision theory by Vroom and Yetton (1973). The study adopted mixed methods and applied sequential
exploratory design which involved quantitative and qualitative procedures in data collection and analysis. The
study adopted purposive and stratified simple random sampling and data was collected using questionnaires,
interview schedules and document analysis for the secondary data. The instruments’ validity was established
through the guidance of the experts in the department of management, administration and leadership of Mount
Kenya University. The researchers established instrument reliability by using split half technique which involved
calculating the Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) between the two halves of the tests. Quantitative data was
analyzed using SPSS version 21 and qualitative data was analyzed thematically according to the objectives. The
findings of the study indicated that pupils’ performance in Kenya Certificate of Primary Education corresponded
to leadership styles to a very great extent. The study also found out that there was laxity by the headteachers in
delegating power and duties to their teaching staff and lack of participation of all stakeholders in the welfare of
the school thus affecting the pupils’ performance. The findings of this study drew conclusion that would assist
education policy makers and implementers to formulate strategies that could be used to improve leadership styles
that would promote better examination performance at primary school level.
Keywords: Leadership, leadership styles, performance
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This study called for cooperation efforts from several key individuals and institutions. However while it might be
impractical to mention all of them, some minimum crediting is inevitable. Special gratitude goes to Dr Ruth
Thinguri of Mount Kenya University for her extra ordinary advice, guidance and concern to the researchers.
The researchers wish to appreciate the support given by the national council of science and technology, the
Kiambu county education director and Ruiru sub-county education officers for availing the relevant materials for
this study. We would also like to convey our gratitude to the international institute for science, technology and
education (IISTE) for reviewing our paper and guiding us on how to enrich the article.
Finally the researchers would like to absolve all individuals and institutions mentioned above from all errors of
omission or commission and interpretation and that any individual work is cited and that for these the researchers
remains solely responsible.
1.0. INTRODUCTION
This study shares our research on the effects of headteachers’ leadership styles on Kenya Certificate of Primary
Education in central region, Kenya. The researchers have also incorporated the findings of other researchers who
conducted studies in this area at PhD and master levels. The school administrator holds the mantle of ensuring
that all stakeholders strive to achieve the institutional goals. The quality of education depicted in any school is
largely influenced by the quality of leadership exhibited by the school administrator in that institution. Effective
teamwork and networking among stakeholders in a school is a source of motivation that drives all people
involved to work towards the achievement of the goals of that institution. It is the obligation of the institution
leader to influence those teachers under him or her to strive to achieve the institutional goals through the
application of appropriate leadership skills.
To achieve the objectives of quality education to all learners, institutions leaders should acquire the
appropriate skills to enable them exploit their potentials to their fullest. Effective audit system such as
monitoring of learners achievement is necessary to ensure the quality and scope of service delivery hinged on
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2. Journal of Education and Practice www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online)
Vol.5, No.25, 2014
such leadership effectiveness. Intended leadership needs knowing what to do, when, how and why to do it as
well as pushing for change while at the same time safeguarding aspects of culture, values, and rules worthy
preserving. Institutional managers should also know and see the benefit of the people in their organization.
Knowledge and skills contribute to balanced leadership (Marzano, 1995). This study theoretically and
empirically examines the relationship between headteachers leadership styles and pupils’ performance in Kenya
Certificate of Primary Education.
2.0. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The aim of this article is to analyse the relationship between headteachers’ leadership styles and Kenya
Certificate of Primary Education performance in public primary schools in Kenya. The findings of the study
would be used by the Ministry of Education in formulating capacity building programmes to empower head
teachers with appropriate leadership styles for better school management. For example, the Kenya Educational
Management Institute (KEMI) can use the results of this study to enrich leadership courses they offer to school
head teachers through in-service training.
3.0. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
3.1 Importance of Education
A strong belief on education is to create individuals who are innovative and, not simply repeating what
generations have done – men and women who are inventive and discoverers. Educating a nation is an avenue for
developing the entire society in the developing countries of the world. (Aikman & Unternahhter 2005).
Education is an investment and hence quality learning and training contributes greatly to economic growth and
creation of employment opportunities (Republic of Kenya, 2005).
An education system in any country is established as a result of the determination of the broader goals
of education which are in time with the aspirations of the country. To put to effect these aspirations, school split
to the long-term aims into more specific short term objectives. To achieve this, a school implement an
appropriate curriculum whose objectives ensure the attainment of goals aspired by a society.
3.2 The Role of the School
A school is the functional unit of the education system. In economic terms, a school is an industry which
transforms a given quality of inputs into required outputs. A school is a unique industry in the sense that its raw
materials, who are the students, have to be transformed into appropriate products. The product of a school is
judged by the way its past students perform in society.
The efficiency of a school is divided into internal and external efficiencies. The internal efficiency is
determined by how a school transforms its inputs into outputs. The external efficiency of schools is determined
by how well schools prepare pupils for their expected roles in society (Okumbe, 1999). In order to accomplish its
role effectively, a school must be able to afford a focused educational leadership which is based on good
management principles and techniques.
3.3 Leadership Styles
A leadership style can be defined as behaviour used by a leader to motivate the subordinates to strive to achieve
the organizational objectives. Leadership styles are usually identified as points on a continuum. Okumbe (1999)
outlines various leadership styles such as democratic, autocratic, laissez faire, nomothetic, ideographic and
transactional leadership styles.
The democratic style also referred to as consultative leadership, decentralizes power and authority.
Decisions about the organization are reached through consultations. Autocratic leadership style centralizes power,
authority and decision making. In laissez faire style, leaders have the tendency of avoiding power and authority.
The leader allows the group to come up with the organizational goals and the various ways of attaining success.
In the nomothetic leadership style, the leader emphasizes the objectives of the organization and the role of the
workers position. The workers are strictly controlled through the application of rules and regulations stipulated
by the organization structure. It is a task centered approach to leadership.
The ideographic leadership style is worker-centered and applies the human relations approach to
management. This style emphasizes the human dimension of the organization and is sensitive to the worker’s
individual needs. The transactional leadership style is a mixture of nomothetic and the ideographic leadership
styles. Transactional leadership style varies emphasis of the two as the situation demands (Okumbe, 1999).
3.4 The effects of leadership styles on students’ performance
Okoth (2000) conducted a study on the effects of leadership styles on students’ performance in Kenya Certificate
of Secondary Education in Nairobi County, Kenya and found out that headteachers merited as being consultative
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Vol.5, No.25, 2014
achieved higher mean standard score index than the authoritative headteachers. This concurs with Kimacia
(2007), and Mwalala (2008), who found out that there is a connection between principals’ leadership styles and
overall students’ performance in K.C.S.E and noted that democratic and consultative headteachers had higher
performance index in K.C.S.E than autocratic headteachers.
The findings contradict Njuguna (1998) who found out that there is no significant connection between
principals’ leadership styles and students’ K.C.S.E performance. Huka (2003), brings a point of contrast by
asserting that headteachers who were merited as consultative had lower mean scores, while authoritative
headteachers achieved higher mean scores. The same findings featured in Muli (2005), and Wangui (2007). This
contradiction could arise as a result of different head teachers’ working environment.
Muchira (1998), conducted a study on leadership effectiveness in primary teachers colleges in Kenya with an
emphasis on leadership styles, job satisfaction and students’ achievement. The study aimed at determining and
describing the nature of the principals’ leadership styles, job satisfaction and students’ performance. The study
focused on the nature of the principals’ leadership styles, students’ performance and to investigate the extent of
the relationship of these variables. The findings showed that there were no significant differences between task-oriented
principals and relationship-oriented principals with regards to students’ achievement. These findings
were contrary to Wanjiru (1997) who had observed that there was a significant relationship between, perceived
Leadership styles, size of the school and non-institutional time on teachers, hence there was need for further
investigations amidst these contradictions.
125
3.5 Theoretical Framework
This study is based on the normative decision theory by Vroom & Yettom (1973), which attempt to connect
the gap between leadership theory and managerial practice using empirical research in management decision
making process (Lussier, 2002). This theory of leadership focuses on decision making by managers with a
defined group of subordinates and consists of procedures for determining the extent to which leaders should
involve subordinates in the process.
The theory identifies the following five leadership styles each with independent effect on the subordinate
and organizations performance:
i. Highly Autocratic I (AI): In this style, the manager makes the decision alone using information at hand.
ii. Less Autocratic II (AII): The leader asks for information from junior staff but makes the decision alone.
Subordinates may or may not be told what the problem was. They are not involved in making the
final resolution.
iii. Consultative I (CI): The leader shares the problems with the subordinates and asks for their ideas and
evaluation on how to address the problem. However, the final decision is made by the leader.
iv. Consultative II (CII): The leader and the subordinates meets as a group to discuss the problem but he
makes the decision after getting ideas and information on how to address or alleviate the problem.
The input of the subordinates may or may not be used by the leader.
v. Highly Consultative Group II (GII): The leader come together with the subordinates as a group to
discuss the problem and the group makes the decision.
Normative theory is suitable for this study because it outlines some leadership styles that a head teacher
would choose to apply to influence members of his staff to achieve the institution goals depending on the
situation at hand. This model would enable any school manager to be flexible in administrative duties.
4. Journal of Education and Practice www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online)
Vol.5, No.25, 2014
126
3.5 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Figure 1.1 Head Teachers’ Leadership Styles relationship on Pupils’ Performance in KCPE
4.0. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
This study adopted mixed methods and applied sequential exploratory design which involved quantitative and
qualitative procedures in data collection and analysis. The study targeted all the public primary schools in Ruiru
Sub-county, Kiambu County, Kenya. A total of 8 schools were included in the sample which was 28% of the
total number of public primary schools in the sub-county. The study adopted purposive and stratified simple
random sampling and data was collected using questionnaires, interview schedules and document analysis for the
secondary data.
The instruments’ validity was established through the guidance of the experts in the department of
management, administration and leadership of Mount Kenya University. The researchers established instrument
reliability by using split half technique which involved calculating the Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r)
between the two halves of the tests. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS version 21 and qualitative data
was analyzed thematically according to the objectives.
5.0. RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS
5.1 KCPE Performance of Public Primary Schools in Ruiru Municipality
Table 1 KCPE Performance
Mean score range 2007 2008 2009 2010
F % F % F % F %
100-200 6 75 5 62.5 7 87.5 7 87.5
201-300 2 25 3 37.5 1 12.5 1 12.5
Totals 8 100 8 100 8 100 8 100
Key: F = Frequency
5. Journal of Education and Practice www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online)
Vol.5, No.25, 2014
The above (table 1) shows that in 2007, 75% of the respondents indicated that they had a mean score of the range
of 100-200 while 25% stated that their mean score ranged from 201-300. In 2008, majority of the respondents
(62.5%) stated that their mean score ranged from 100-200 while 37.5% indicated that their mean score was
between 201-300.On the other hand in 2009, 87.5% indicated that their mean score was on the range of 100 and
200 while 12.5%, said that their mean score was between 201 and 300. Lastly in 2010, 87.5% majority of the
respondents indicated that they had a mean score of 100-200 while 12.5% had a mean score ranging from 201-
300. The data displayed in table 1 above shows that the KCPE performance of public primary schools in Ruiru
Sub- County, Kiambu County, was below average in the years 2007 to 2010.
5.2 Effect of head teachers’ leadership Styles on KCPE performance
Table 2 Head teachers’ perception on leadership styles effect on KCPE performance
Leadership styles Frequency Percentage
Enhances understanding and hard work 2 25
Motivate teachers 2 25
Involve stakeholders in decision making 1 12.5
Lack of frequent consultation with teachers 3 37.5
Total 8 100
Table 2, illustrates the percentages of head teachers perception on leadership styles and KCPE performance.
Twenty five percent (25%) of the respondents were for the opinion that head teachers leadership styles enhanced
understanding and hard work among the subordinates and pupils. Further 25 % of the respondents stated that
leadership styles motivated and encouraged teachers hence improving pupils’ performance in KCPE. Twelve
point five percent (12.5%) of the head teachers suggested that if stakeholders were involved in decision making
there would be improvement in KCPE performance. Thirty seven point five percent (37.5 %) of the respondents
stated that lack of frequent consultation with teachers greatly affected KCPE performance. The findings of this
study concurs with Kimacia (2007) and Mwalala (2008) who observed that there was a connection between
leadership styles and students’ performance in KCSE by noting that democratic and consultative principals
exhibited higher performance index in KCSE than autocratic head teachers.
5.3. Table 3 Perception of PTA chairpersons on how head teachers’ leadership styles influence KCPE
performance
Leadership styles influence Frequency Percentage
Ability to allow dialogue and consultation with stakeholders. 3 37.5
Motivate and encouraging teachers and pupils. 3 37.5
Effectiveness of head teacher in administrative roles. 1 12.5
Involvement of stakeholders in decision making process. 1 12.5
Total 8 100
According to table 3, 37.5% of the respondents were for the opinion that the degree to which head teachers
consulted the stakeholders, the ability of the head teachers to motivate and encourage teachers and pupils in their
schools influenced pupils’ performance in KCPE. Finally, 12.5% of the respondents indicated that involvement
of stakeholders in decision making and the effectiveness of the head teacher corresponded with the pupils’
performance in KCPE.
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Vol.5, No.25, 2014
5.4 Head Teachers’ Leadership Styles
Table 4 Perceptions of Teachers on head teachers’ leadership styles
Teachers Perception
attributes
128
Never Very
Little
Sometimes Considerable Very
great
No
response
F % F % F % F % F % F % Total
Appreciate ideas and
abilities of teachers and
support staff
2 2.2 10 10.9 10 10.9 41 44.6 28 30.4 1 1.1
100
Consultative in
decision making
2 2.2 11 12.0 19 20.7 24 26.1 35 38.0 1 1.1
100
Delegate power
responsibility to
teachers and support
staff
3 3.3 7 7.6 16 17.4 30 32.6 35 38.0 1 1.1
100
Initiates and directs
goals for the staff to
support and accomplice
4 4.3 5 5.4 26 28.3 38 41.3 18 19.6 1 1.11.1
100
Allows teachers and
support staff to
function freely as they
wish
14 15.2 15 16.3 9 9.8 28 30.4 25 27.2 1 1.1
100
Share success and
failures with other
school stakeholders
5 5.4 11 12.0 14 15.2 27 29.3 34 37.0 1 1.1
100
Encourages
performance standard
as a mutual agreement
to all stakeholders
3 3.3 7 7.6 11 12.0 29 31.5 41 44.6 1 1.1
100
Key: F = Frequency
Table 4 shows the perception of teachers on head teacher’s leadership styles. Forty four point six percent (44.6%)
indicated that most of the head teachers appreciated ideas and abilities of teachers and support staff to a
considerable extent. It was also noted that 38% of the respondents felt that head teachers delegated duties and
responsibility to teachers. Thirty point four percent (30.4%) indicated that leadership roles corresponded with
allowing teachers and support staff to function freely as they wish to a considerable extent. Mean while 44.6%
stated that leadership styles encouraged performance standard with other school stakeholders to a very great
extent. Table 4.11 shows that most teachers viewed their head teachers as consultative and democratic. Some
teachers rated their head teachers as laissez faire leaders. These views agree with Duening (2003) who grouped
institutional leaders as those who apply initiating structures and those who apply consideration structure.
6.0. CONCLUSIONS
Based on the finding, the study concluded that performance of K.C.P.E candidates in public primary schools in
Ruiru Sub-County, Kiambu County is low due to leadership styles practiced by head teachers in their schools.
Teachers’ views on their head teachers’ leadership styles indicated that there were more of laissez fare leaders in
public primary schools. This would have resulted to poor K.C.P.E performance in the county. The study
concludes that head teachers should be more consultative and involve stakeholders in decision making on
matters affecting their schools. Head teachers allowed their teachers to function freely as they wished thus
consequently affecting the KCPE performance.
There was a large connection between head teachers’ leadership styles and KCPE performance in public primary
schools in Kiambu County. Head teachers who practiced consultative and democratic leadership styles motivated
and encouraged their teachers, who in return worked hard to improve pupils’ performance in KCPE. On the other
hand, head teachers who did not adequately involve their teachers and other stakeholders in decision making
process made their school to decline in KCPE performance.
7.0. RECOMMENDATIONS
The study advocates that head teachers should practise leadership styles that facilitate collaborative
responsibility and consultative decision making with all stakeholders in their institutions. They should also
involve teachers in decision making process. This would enhance participative leadership and hence improve
KCPE performance.
7. Journal of Education and Practice www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online)
Vol.5, No.25, 2014
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