An OMB case allowed three subdivisions to be built on top of hydrologically sensitive agricultural lands in Waterloo. This powerpoint presented to city staff outlines how the previous ruling fails to comply with the provisions of the Provincial Policy statement and local planning policies. (I later took this issue to the OMB again and won concessions to widen buffer zones to protect Clair Creek and wetlands in the area.to better protect our local water supply's primary recharge zones with OMB case PL071044.)
John Hankinson, Executive Director, Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Task Force, spoke at the Joint Public Advisory Committee's Resilient Communities in North America workshop in New Orleans on July 9, 2012. More info at http://www.cec.org/Council2012
An OMB case allowed three subdivisions to be built on top of hydrologically sensitive agricultural lands in Waterloo. This powerpoint presented to city staff outlines how the previous ruling fails to comply with the provisions of the Provincial Policy statement and local planning policies. (I later took this issue to the OMB again and won concessions to widen buffer zones to protect Clair Creek and wetlands in the area.to better protect our local water supply's primary recharge zones with OMB case PL071044.)
John Hankinson, Executive Director, Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Task Force, spoke at the Joint Public Advisory Committee's Resilient Communities in North America workshop in New Orleans on July 9, 2012. More info at http://www.cec.org/Council2012
This was submitted on October 5th 2009 to the Joint Agency Review Team reviewing the Mount Nemo Quarry. I also provided the experts minutes from OMB case PL071044 to illustrate how a certain firm signed off on the fact their own data was insufficient. I have been monitoring the practices of this agency over years in different locations and have found consistencies in testing methods that result in undermined hydrogeological risks.
Climate Change Adaptation Policy for HawaiiJesse Souki
State of Hawaii Office of Planning's presentation to Society for Marketing Professional Services (SMPS) Hawaii Chapter. Climate Change Adaptation Panel Speakers were Elizabeth “Liz” Fischer, RLA, ASLA, APA, IALEM, Emergency Coordinator, U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration Hawaii; John Marra, U.S. Regional Climate Services Director, Pacific Region, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Climate Data Center; and Jesse K. Souki, Director, Hawaii State Office of Planning.
Killing the Heartland, The Wildlands project: war on mankindRobert Powell
Special Report done in 1994-5 - Theft of American Lands and life. Destruction of American Sovereignty- The United Nations attack on America via environmental manipulation - The removal of human activity in the U.S. The deception of Bio-diversity - the deception of UN refugee programs - Food shortages, water shortages, Gutting American food processes - Seminal report of ongoing Theft of American Lands - through illegal Congressional means, fiat, un-Constitutional treaty application by the United Nations and other Global malefactors. Using "Faux" environmental fear porn, verse scientific application through "Stewardship". Environmental concepts are never humanist, that is intentional. Stewardship concepts balance all groups, in the Christian concept of intended protections. The Brundtland Report was created through the auspices of the Vice President of the World Socialist Party. Politically renamed "Our Common Future". The process was then renamed again, as the Rio Accord, then Agenda 21, and inculcated through pre-planned "Council on Sustainable Development". Global Warming, save the Planet, draconian measures in the march to slavery of an inhuman kind. Simply, individual intellect ( Einstein ) and so many others ( Marie Curie ) will not happen again, as Corporatism, morphs into necessary tyranny. While the young, well filled with "Chicken Little" march to the cliff, those left, can expect "Kneepads" coming to a town near you. One more issue to ponder in this report, and that is the Communist Countries, or Atheistic if you wish, are not required to adhere to
the doctrines - China accounts for the majority of the Global pollution today, free of interference. A warning, once again that the multifaceted "Faux" is a "Political Concept" not a "Humanist Concept".
A Blue Urban Agenda: Adapting to Climate Change in the Coastal Cities of Cari...Graciela Mariani
Autor
Mycoo, Michelle; Donovan, Michael G.
Fecha
May 2017
DOI
http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0000690
Over the past two decades, national and local governments in Caribbean and Pacific Small Island Development States have partnered with the donor community to implement over $55 billion in development programs, many of which focused on climate change adaptation. The coastal cities of the Caribbean and Pacific SIDS are among the world's most vulnerable cities to rising sea levels and coastal erosion. Currently 20% of the population of these countries, or 4.2 million people, live in low elevation coastal zones that are prone to flooding. Despite the financial burden of adapting to rising sea levels and natural hazards, SIDS are leveraging opportunities to minimize these effects through an emerging Blue Urban Agenda. This research evaluates the lessons learnt from urban coastal adaptation programs in SIDS and provides several policy recommendations to comprehensively address city resiliency to climate change. An institutional mapping of donors active in coastal adaptation in SIDS and a review of more than 50 donor-funded projects highlights the most effective coastal adaptation programs. Comparisons are provided between the Caribbean and Pacific SIDS on climate change, urban development, housing, and access to climate funds. This book provides a way forward to embark on a Blue Urban Agenda that is sensitive to the unique characteristics of SIDS and their commitments in the Small Island Developing States Accelerated Modalities of Action (Samoa Pathway) resolution, COP21, the Sustainable Development Goals, and Habitat III. - See more at: https://publications.iadb.org/handle/11319/8264#sthash.dUJk8GYZ.dpuf
New Orleans , Garret Graves, Chairman, Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority; National Institute for Coastal & Harbor Infrastructure, John F. Kennedy Center, Boston, Nov. 12, 2013: "The Triple Threat of Rising Sea Levels, Extreme Storms and Aging Infrastructure: Coastal Community Responses and The Federal Role" See http://www.nichiusa.org or http://www.nichi.us
Vulnerability and Adaptation of Disaster Victims, Dzul Khaimi bin Khailani, M...ESD UNU-IAS
The 2016 ProSPER.Net Leadership Programme was held in Labuan Island and Beaufort, Sabah, Malaysia. The Programme included workshops, plenary sessions, and fieldwork around the topics of local sustainable development challenges in the region. The main goals of the Programme were to identify local leadership opportunities for sustainable development and to link local and national sustainable development projects to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the Paris Climate Treaty, and the Sendai Framework on Disaster Risk Reduction.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Rule Number One of Leadership. Leaders Don't Pass the Buck.
Great leaders accept responsibility for the current situation and focus on solutions.
~ JOSH HINDS
Do not follow where the path may lead. Go instead where there is no path and leave a trail.
Going far beyond the call of duty, doing more than others expect...this is what excellence is all about. And it comes from striving, maintaining the highest standards, looking after the smallest detail, and going the extra mile. Excellence means doing your very best. In everything. In everyway,
~ MOTOROLA WORLD CLASS AMBASSADOR CLUB
“THE Mt. GANTONG/BROOKE’S POINT 2010 GEO-TAGGED REPORT”
MINING THREATS TO WATERSHEDS, CORE ZONES AND TO THE ANCESTRAL DOMAIN OF ISOLATED INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES, PALAWAN ISLAND (THE PHILIPPINES)
A joint field assessment of ALDAW (Ancestral Land/Domain Watch) and
The Centre for Biocultural Diversity (CBCD) of the University of Kent (UK)
This was submitted on October 5th 2009 to the Joint Agency Review Team reviewing the Mount Nemo Quarry. I also provided the experts minutes from OMB case PL071044 to illustrate how a certain firm signed off on the fact their own data was insufficient. I have been monitoring the practices of this agency over years in different locations and have found consistencies in testing methods that result in undermined hydrogeological risks.
Climate Change Adaptation Policy for HawaiiJesse Souki
State of Hawaii Office of Planning's presentation to Society for Marketing Professional Services (SMPS) Hawaii Chapter. Climate Change Adaptation Panel Speakers were Elizabeth “Liz” Fischer, RLA, ASLA, APA, IALEM, Emergency Coordinator, U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration Hawaii; John Marra, U.S. Regional Climate Services Director, Pacific Region, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Climate Data Center; and Jesse K. Souki, Director, Hawaii State Office of Planning.
Killing the Heartland, The Wildlands project: war on mankindRobert Powell
Special Report done in 1994-5 - Theft of American Lands and life. Destruction of American Sovereignty- The United Nations attack on America via environmental manipulation - The removal of human activity in the U.S. The deception of Bio-diversity - the deception of UN refugee programs - Food shortages, water shortages, Gutting American food processes - Seminal report of ongoing Theft of American Lands - through illegal Congressional means, fiat, un-Constitutional treaty application by the United Nations and other Global malefactors. Using "Faux" environmental fear porn, verse scientific application through "Stewardship". Environmental concepts are never humanist, that is intentional. Stewardship concepts balance all groups, in the Christian concept of intended protections. The Brundtland Report was created through the auspices of the Vice President of the World Socialist Party. Politically renamed "Our Common Future". The process was then renamed again, as the Rio Accord, then Agenda 21, and inculcated through pre-planned "Council on Sustainable Development". Global Warming, save the Planet, draconian measures in the march to slavery of an inhuman kind. Simply, individual intellect ( Einstein ) and so many others ( Marie Curie ) will not happen again, as Corporatism, morphs into necessary tyranny. While the young, well filled with "Chicken Little" march to the cliff, those left, can expect "Kneepads" coming to a town near you. One more issue to ponder in this report, and that is the Communist Countries, or Atheistic if you wish, are not required to adhere to
the doctrines - China accounts for the majority of the Global pollution today, free of interference. A warning, once again that the multifaceted "Faux" is a "Political Concept" not a "Humanist Concept".
A Blue Urban Agenda: Adapting to Climate Change in the Coastal Cities of Cari...Graciela Mariani
Autor
Mycoo, Michelle; Donovan, Michael G.
Fecha
May 2017
DOI
http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0000690
Over the past two decades, national and local governments in Caribbean and Pacific Small Island Development States have partnered with the donor community to implement over $55 billion in development programs, many of which focused on climate change adaptation. The coastal cities of the Caribbean and Pacific SIDS are among the world's most vulnerable cities to rising sea levels and coastal erosion. Currently 20% of the population of these countries, or 4.2 million people, live in low elevation coastal zones that are prone to flooding. Despite the financial burden of adapting to rising sea levels and natural hazards, SIDS are leveraging opportunities to minimize these effects through an emerging Blue Urban Agenda. This research evaluates the lessons learnt from urban coastal adaptation programs in SIDS and provides several policy recommendations to comprehensively address city resiliency to climate change. An institutional mapping of donors active in coastal adaptation in SIDS and a review of more than 50 donor-funded projects highlights the most effective coastal adaptation programs. Comparisons are provided between the Caribbean and Pacific SIDS on climate change, urban development, housing, and access to climate funds. This book provides a way forward to embark on a Blue Urban Agenda that is sensitive to the unique characteristics of SIDS and their commitments in the Small Island Developing States Accelerated Modalities of Action (Samoa Pathway) resolution, COP21, the Sustainable Development Goals, and Habitat III. - See more at: https://publications.iadb.org/handle/11319/8264#sthash.dUJk8GYZ.dpuf
New Orleans , Garret Graves, Chairman, Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority; National Institute for Coastal & Harbor Infrastructure, John F. Kennedy Center, Boston, Nov. 12, 2013: "The Triple Threat of Rising Sea Levels, Extreme Storms and Aging Infrastructure: Coastal Community Responses and The Federal Role" See http://www.nichiusa.org or http://www.nichi.us
Vulnerability and Adaptation of Disaster Victims, Dzul Khaimi bin Khailani, M...ESD UNU-IAS
The 2016 ProSPER.Net Leadership Programme was held in Labuan Island and Beaufort, Sabah, Malaysia. The Programme included workshops, plenary sessions, and fieldwork around the topics of local sustainable development challenges in the region. The main goals of the Programme were to identify local leadership opportunities for sustainable development and to link local and national sustainable development projects to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the Paris Climate Treaty, and the Sendai Framework on Disaster Risk Reduction.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Rule Number One of Leadership. Leaders Don't Pass the Buck.
Great leaders accept responsibility for the current situation and focus on solutions.
~ JOSH HINDS
Do not follow where the path may lead. Go instead where there is no path and leave a trail.
Going far beyond the call of duty, doing more than others expect...this is what excellence is all about. And it comes from striving, maintaining the highest standards, looking after the smallest detail, and going the extra mile. Excellence means doing your very best. In everything. In everyway,
~ MOTOROLA WORLD CLASS AMBASSADOR CLUB
“THE Mt. GANTONG/BROOKE’S POINT 2010 GEO-TAGGED REPORT”
MINING THREATS TO WATERSHEDS, CORE ZONES AND TO THE ANCESTRAL DOMAIN OF ISOLATED INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES, PALAWAN ISLAND (THE PHILIPPINES)
A joint field assessment of ALDAW (Ancestral Land/Domain Watch) and
The Centre for Biocultural Diversity (CBCD) of the University of Kent (UK)
Socio-ecological valuation of ecosystem services along the West Antarctic Pen...Jeff Bowman
The Palmer Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) project is located along the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP), one of the most rapidly warming regions on the planet. Despite its remoteness the WAP supports a variety of social and economic activities, most notably in the fishing and tourism industries and in international scientific research. Because of the growing pressures imposed by these activities, the rapid rate of environmental change, relatively pristine nature of the environment, its trophic complexity, and rich scientific record, the WAP is an ideal place to explore the impact of climate change on marine and terrestrial ecosystems and the services and benefits they provide. Here we present a schema to conduct an initial assessment of WAP marine and terrestrial ecosystem services that will serve as a critical baseline for future studies, and that is broadly applicable to other LTER sites. We will combine social valuation and qualitative, expert-based modelling to identify relevant ecosystem services and to conduct an initial assessment and valuation of ecosystem service supply for the WAP region. The Palmer LTER team of investigators includes experts in topics ranging from physical oceanographic processes, to microbiology, to marine avian and mammal ecology. Through interviews and an online survey we will evaluate the views and perceptions of Antarctic ecosystem services and their changes among this group of experts. Our focus will be on biophysical ecosystem services, but we will include cultural ecosystem services and the impacts of changes on ecosystem functioning and ecosystem service supply in the expert elicitations. This qualitative, socio-ecological valuation will guide an expanded future assessment of WAP ecosystem services that include economic and socio-cultural realms of ecosystem service as perceived and valued by an expanded pool of experts and stakeholders.
The Ontario Municipal Board recently ruled against the Region of Waterloo for measures the Region took to curb urban sprawl. Here are the reasons why I believe they should rescind their decision.
i
|
R o b b i n s
An Analysis of
Urban Green Space in
Cuyahoga County, Ohio
Jared D. Robbins
Cleveland State University
College of Urban Affairs
Submitted as a partial requirement
for a Master of Arts in Environmental Studies
Cleveland, Ohio
May 2013
ii
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R o b b i n s
Executive Summary
Urban green spaces perform many important functions for humanity. In urbanized areas,
parks remain the only natural asset and provide important environmental services. Such green
spaces provide valuable ecological and social benefits for the community including storm water
management, recreation, and an escape from the built city. This study investigates the state of
urban green spaces in Cuyahoga County, Ohio. Using GIS, green space adequacy was measured
in terms of land area and population served. Furthermore, a comprehensive list of amenities at
the County’s municipal parks was created. It was found that the County is home to over 31,000
acres of green space, accounting for almost 11% of the County’s land area. Additionally, 42% of
the County’s population lives within walking distance of an urban green space.
iii
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R o b b i n s
Table of Contents
1. Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………... 1
1.1. Types of Green Space…………………………………………………………………… 2
1.2. Benefits of Green Space………………………………………………………………… 5
1.3. Costs of Green Space……………………………………………………………………. 9
1.4. Study Area…………………………………………………………………………...… 10
2. Methods……………………………………………………………………….…………….. 12
2.1. Mapping and Data Sources…………………………………………………………….. 12
2.2. Determining Population within Walking Distance…………………………………….. 13
2.3. Calculating Green Space Size………………………………………………………..… 14
2.4. Municipal Park Conditions…………………………………………………………..… 16
3. Results………………………………………………………………………………………. 17
3.1. Green Space Size………………………………………………………………………. 17
3.2. Green Space by City…………………………………………………………………… 21
3.3. Walking Distance………………………………………………………………………. 27
3.4. Municipal Park Features……………………………………………………………….. 39
4. Discussion………………………………………………………………………………...… 39
4.1. Adequacy of Green Space……………………………………………………………... 39
4.2. The Case for Cuyahoga………………………………………………………………... 41
4.3. Future Park Financing………………………………………………………….………..42
4.4. Project Limits…………………………………………………………………………... 44
5. Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………..…… 45
6. References……………………………………………………………………………………47
1
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R o b b i n s
1. Introduction
Around the world, urbanization continues to transform our landscapes and diminish
human interaction with natural ecosystems. The rate of this transformation has increased
dramatically, with urban areas currently expanding on average twice as fast as their populations
(Seto, Güneralp, & Hutyra, 2012). By 2030, it is estimated that global urban land area will
increase by 1.2 million square kilometers, t ...
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
1. 1
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE AND REGIONAL PLANNING
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, KHARAGPUR
DESERT RECREATION AREA PLANNING
A STUDY ON CALIFORNIA DESERT AREA PLANNING
SUBMITTED BY- ARUN C BABU
12AR60R09
ST
MCP 1 YEAR (2012-2014)
2. 2
CONTENT
1. INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………………………………3
1.1. NEED FOR THE DESERT PLAN ………………………………..………3
1.2. GOAL OF THE PLAN …………………………………………………...….3
1.3. PLANNING FOR THE FUTURE………………………………………….4
2. PLAN ELEMENTS………………………………………………………………….…. 5
3. RECREATION ELEMENT …………………………………………………………...6
3.1. GOALS ……………………………………………………………………….… 7
3.2. ACTIONS PLANNED ……………………………………………………… 7
3.2.1. OPEN AREA SPACES …………………………………………….…..7
3.2.2. RECREATION ACTIVITIES ……………………………..………….. 8
3.2.3. Nature Study and Resource-Oriented Recreation …….8
3.2.4. Education and Research …………………………………………. 9
3.2.5. Wilderness Opportunities ……………………………….……… 9
3.2.6. Motorized-Vehicle Play ……………………………………..….. 10
3.2.7. Organized Competitive Vehicle Events ………………..….11
3.2.8. Access …………………………………………………………………... 11
3.3. VISITOR FACILITIES …………………………………………….……….12
3.4. IMPLIMENTATION ………………………………………..……………..13
4. CONCLUSION ……………………………………………………………………..….14
5. REFERENCE ……………………………………………………………………………15
3. 3
1. INTRODUCTION
Although a land which is now desert, was the cradle of civilization, man generally
considers these arid regions bleak and lifeless and seeks greener places to live.
Within the area we know as the California Desert, scientists recognize three
deserts: the Mojave, the Sonoran, and a small portion of the Great Basin.
Subtropical high pressure belts, the “rain shadow” effect of the coastal mountain
ranges, and other topographical features create the conditions by which some
geographers define a desert: an area in which evaporation and transpiration
exceed the mean annual precipitation. In addition to aridity, extreme
temperatures are a trait of the Desert. The lack of insulating humidity causes wide
fluctuations in daily seasonal temperatures varying from 14°F at Deep Springs
Valley in January to nearly 117°F at Death Valley in July.
An understanding of the relationship between natural processes and landscape
cannot be complete without a recognition of the human presence. Man is not an
alien in the environment. His structures and activities change and become a part
of the system. It is inevitable that, as population and economic activity expand,
the natural setting and associated life forms will change. In the California Desert a
pattern of human uses has evolved from a multitude of single-purpose venture s
which reflect western history and serve present needs.
1.1 NEED FOR THE DESERT PLAN
There are enormous basic conflicts in the California Desert Conservation Area
(CDCA) between a natural environment that is both sensitive and complex, and
the human social demands on that environment, that are equally sensitive and
complex. The 25-million-acre CDCA contains over 12 million acres of public lands,
and important factor in the use and protection of the CDCA. As a first step toward
a mechanism for resolution of conflicts, Congress enacted the Federal Land Policy
and Management Act of 1976 (FLPMA) which directed BLM to inventory CDCA
resources and to prepare a comprehensive land-use management plan for the
area.
1.2 GOAL OF THE PLAN
The goal of the Plan is to provide for the use of the public lands, and resources of
the California Desert Conservation Area, including economic, educational,
4. 4
scientific, and recreational uses, in a manner which enhances wherever possible—
and which does not diminish, on balance—the environmental, cultural, and
aesthetic values of the Desert and its productivity.
The plan uses, as its basis for meeting the needs of the country for social and
economic goods, services, and values, the best available information about
resources of the Desert, in particular its soil, vegetation, water, air, and mineralsthe basic and finite things upon which all life depends. Maintenance of the
productive potential of these resources on a global scale will determine the future
of mankind, thus this must be the heart and foundation of any land-use plan.
1.3 PLANNING FOR THE FUTURE
The Plan recognizes that the public lands of the California Desert belong to all of
the United States, that these lands are not isolated but are spread out among or
are adjacent to lands managed by other agencies of Federal, State, and local
government, military installations, Indian reservations, and private lands; and that
public- land management decisions must relate to State and local laws as well as
to Federal laws. The Plan is based on a “good neighbor” concept and will treat
considerately the needs and concerns of other landowners and jurisdictions in the
Desert.
5. 5
2. PLAN ELEMENTS
After a geographical areas has been assigned a multiple- class use designation, a
number of types and levels of use consistent with the guidelines may be allowed
within that area. However, uses may conflict and such conflicts, as the major
issues of this Plan, are addressed in 12 Plan elements:
Cultural Resources
Native American Values
Wildlife
Vegetation
Wilderness
Wild Horses and Burros
Livestock Grazing
Recreation
Motorized-Vehicle Access
Geology-Energy Minerals
Energy Production and Utility Corridors
Land Tenure Adjustment
Each of the Plan elements provides a desert-wide perspective of the planning
decisions for one major resource or issue of public concern. Each element also
provides more specific application, or interpretation, of multiple-use class
guidelines for a given resource and its associated activities.
In this study we will be mainly focussing on the recreational area development.
Each of the Plan element sections has been subdivided into three areas of interest
and responsibility: goals for that element, actions planned for that element under
this Plan, and implementation of the plan as it would affect that element. The
chapter 3 will go through in detail about the recreational area part and the
related elements of the California desert development plan.
6. 6
3. RECREATION ELEMENT
The California Desert attracts millions of visitors annually to its wide spectrum of
recreational opportunities. Its diverse landscapes create a variety of physical and
psychological settings which provide a “desert experience” of natural beauty,
solitude, and freedom from the structure and regulations of the urban areas of
southern California, where 85 percent of these visitors live.
With expanded leisure time and growing affluence of southern Californians,
conflicts have arisen between those who use vehicles as a means of access and
those who operate vehicles as a recreational activity. Access can be for a variety
of purposes, including economic pursuits and for recreation such as hunting and
rock hounding. In addition, recreationists compete for space with other resource
users. While strongly advocating that recreational facilities and regulations
remain minimal, desert recreationists increasingly demand the protection of the
natural and cultural values which are essential to most desert recreation. Scenic
values are often cited by the public as the Desert’s most important resource.
The California Desert is already important as a reservoir of open space and as a
place for outdoor recreation. While the BLM as an agency is not readily known,
lands managed by the Bureau are especially significant to recreationists. The
public lands will become increasingly important since they are closer to urban
centers than most other recreation areas, such as Death Valley, and offer a wide
variety of recreation experience.
A substantial increase in demand for facilities and services, especially educational
and interpretive programs, will occur primarily because of increased population
growth in Southern California. Other factors include:
(1) An emerging awareness of desert resources and values,
(2) Saturation of other outdoor recreation areas in southern California,
(3) Energy shortages and economic stresses which will cause more people to
come to the relatively close Desert and stay longer, and
(4) Technological innovation in recreational equipment which will influence user
trends and consequently the demand for various resources.
7. 7
3.1GOALS
Provide for a wide range of quality recreation opportunities and
experiences emphasizing dispersed undeveloped use.
Provide a minimum of recreation facilities. Those facilities should
emphasize resource protection and visitor safety.
Manage recreation use to minimize user conflicts, provide a safe
recreation environment, and protect desert resources.
Emphasize the use of public information and education techniques to
increase public awareness, enjoyment, and sensitivity to desert
resources.
Adjust management approach to accommodate changing visitor use
patterns and preferences.
Encourage the use and enjoyment of desert recreation opportunities
by special populations, and provide facilities to meet the needs of
those groups.
3.2 ACTIONS PLANNED
3.2.1 Open-Space Areas
The Desert provides outstanding opportunities for activities such as
soaring, target shooting, hang gliding, model rocket and airplane flying,
and land sailing. Open space, particularly that available on dry lakebeds,
is a basic requirement for these activities.
Superior and Ivanpah Dry Lakes have been specifically designated for
non-motorized open-space recreational activities.
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3.2.2 Recreation Activities
The California Desert’s diversity of natural values provides a myriad of
things for people to do in pursuing their recreational interests.
There is a wealth of geological areas to lure the rock-hound and the
hobby prospector. Hunters find the Desert a challenge for game species
from quail to mule deer.
Sightseers, painters, and photographers have long known the
recreational delights of spectacular spring wildflower displays and yearround bird watching, as well as just “poking around” and soaking up the
desert atmosphere.
Regardless of the methods available to participate in the desert
recreation provision to ensure that these opportunities will continue
must be a constant concern of both management and desert users.
Where significant demand exists for recreation use immediately
adjacent to desert communities, BLM will manage public lands to assist
in meeting that demand.
3.2.3 Nature Study and Resource-Oriented Recreation
The emphasis of this opportunity is on the natural environment, as there
is, to many, a close correlation between environmental quality and the
quality of the recreational experience. Many activities, such as
sightseeing, camping, and hiking, depend on an unspoiled natural
setting for a rewarding experience. Public lands will be managed
according to their specific multiple-use class designation to provide for a
wide range of natural resource recreational opportunities.
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Construction has been completed (in 1980) on 70 miles of the 160 miles
of the Pacific Crest National Scenic Trail which traverses BLM-managed
lands. Survey and construction activities are continuing on the
remaining sections. A management plan is being completed for the
entire BLM portion of the trail.
The Bureau is also proposing portions of the 139-mile Old Mojave Road
and Butterfield State Route as a National Historic Trail. Portions of the
road, which extend from the Colorado River to San Bernardino, are open
to motorized-vehicle travel. The proposal is presently in the second
phase of study.
In response to public comment urging the inclusion of a Desert Trail in
the National Trails System, the Bureau will reconsider the Desert Trail
concepts and work toward its implementation if its feasibility appears
positive. Recreation Activity Management Plans will consider connector
trails from urban centers to trail systems in the CDCA.
3.2.4 Education and Research
Scientific-research and education on public lands, while not recreation in
a strict sense, account for a quarter of a million visitor-use days
annually. Many college, university, and pre-college classes visit the
Desert for educational purposes. A number of special areas have been
set aside for in-depth study of desert ecology and the effect of human
use on desert resources. Still other research areas are devoted to the
study of rare or endangered plans and wildlife species. Many of the
studies and research findings are incorporated into the Bureau’s
evaluation of its management programs and environmental studies and
assessments. Some new areas will be establishing. All will be
incorporated into BLM’s on-going monitoring systems.
3.2.5 Wilderness Opportunities
Opportunities for solitude and primitive or unconfined forms of
recreation are provided in the Desert. The Bureau has assured the public
of opportunities for quality wilderness experiences by proposing
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wilderness areas which will protect many features unique to the desert
and which will provide protection for a variety of ecosystems.
3.2.6 Motorized-Vehicle Play
Motorized-vehicle play open areas are designated for the enjoyment
and challenge of the vehicle operator. They possess a variety of terrain
types, surface textiles, and grade variations. Selections were bases on
the following considerations and criteria:
(1) Traditional, intense motorized-vehicle use has been recorded in the
area.
(2) Boundaries of the area are easily recognizable in order to manage
the activity.
(3) Soil characteristics are acceptable for such use.
(4) Sensitive and significant plants and wildlife are not present or can be
avoided, or adverse impacts on them mitigated.
(5) Cultural and Native American resources can be avoided or adverse
impacts on them mitigated.
(6) Land-use patterns, access, and private and other public ownership
conflicts can be resolved.
Recreation Activity Management Plans will be developed for each
vehicle play open area. The BLM is also currently working with the State
of California Parks and Recreation Department personnel to provide a
variety of motorized-vehicle use opportunities and facilities through the
State Off-Highway Vehicle Grant Fund. The primary thrust of this
program is to make areas suitable for motorized-vehicle recreation
available to the public. Use of the State OHV funds in the CDCA will be
consistent with the objectives of this element and of the multiple-use
guidelines of the Plan.
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3.2.7 Organized Competitive Vehicle Events
The Plan provides for long-distance, point to-point events in the CDCA
by delineating three competitive recreation routes and one motorcycle
race course. These three routes—Johnson Valley to Parker, Parker
“400", Stoddard Valley to Johnson Valley, —reflect a combination of; (1)
completion of environmental assessments, (2) minimal environmental
impact resulting from past events, (3) variety of competitive challenge,
and (4) previous usage. These routes are established exclusively for
permitted competitive recreation use and are not for access or casual
recreation unless specifically “approved” in later actions. Permits issued
for the use of these routes will include stipulations consistent with the
classes through which they pass. All competitive events will require
permits and appropriate resource, safety, and management stipulations.
3.2.8 Access
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To engage in most desert recreational activities outside of open areas,
visitors must use motorized vehicles and usually travel on some
previously used or marked motorized- vehicle route. Understandably,
vehicle access is among the most important recreation issues in the
Desert. A primary consideration of the recreation program, therefore, is
to ensure that access routes necessary for recreation enjoyment are
provided. Specific route identification, as outlined in the MotorizedVehicle Access Element, will be initiated upon adoption of this Plan.
3.3 VISITOR FACILITIES
As previously cited, most desert recreationists desire a minimum of
facilities and such facilities will be kept to a minimum in the Desert. Due to
limiting environmental conditions, visitor safety, resource protection,
requirements of certain recreation activities, and the trend toward fewer
but longer visits in economy vehicles which are not self-contained, some
facility development may be necessary.
Campgrounds, trail heads, parking loops, and visitor information kiosks are
examples of visitor facilities which may be developed. The location, type,
and extent of facility development will be determined in Recreation Activity
Management Plans, which will be developed for specific geographic regions
of the CDCA, using the Plan as a management framework. These will be
developed with public participation.
Detailed resource studies (on-site investigations) will be conducted as an
integral part of each specific site development plan to assure compatibility
of resource values and facility development. Special attention will be given
to avoidance of impacts on riparian areas. Facility development and
recreational use will be allowed in these areas only if the quality and
quantity of the wetland areas are not impacted.
Specific consideration will be given to developing facilities to accommodate
the elderly and the handicapped. Consideration will include interpretive
facilities and services for all of the senses.
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3.4 IMPLIMENTATION
With adoption of this Plan the various guidelines outlined above are
immediately effective. The planned actions will be implemented primarily
through the Recreation Activity Management Plan and Site Plan processes.
A public outdoor-recreation interagency coordinating group, composed of
representatives from local governments within the CDCA and from State
and Federal agencies, will be formed to insure communications with all
concerned public agencies within the CDCA for efficient and responsive
management of the recreation resources.
In conjunction with the interagency group, public input will be encouraged
to determine specific actions to be initiated in a given fiscal year. This will
assist BLM in developing a priority action plan which will guide visitor
management activities. Site-specific planning and management activity can
be expected to occur first within areas containing sensitive and/or unique
resources. Wilderness Study Areas will receive priority attention as
suitability determinations are finalized.
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CALIFORNIA DESERT MAP
4. CONCLUSION
Recreational facilities will have been modified orcontracted in order to be usable
by all citizens. Interpretiveand recreational experiences will be available to
everyone,including those with physical limitations.Wildlife habitat will have been
maintained and improved so that declining wildlife populations will beshowing
improving trends or stabilization. The number ofspecies on threatened, rare, or
endangered species listwill be decreasing.
Range management project will have been completed.Vegetative condition will
be improving in those areaswhere it was in fair, poor, or declining in condition at
thetime Plan preparation began. The rangelands for all areasin the CDCA will be in
good or better condition. Excessnumbers of wild horses and burros will have
beenremoved to maintain healthy, stable population levels. Areas of Critical
Environmental Concern will be intensively managed. Special resource values will
be protected, whilestill allowing for compatible uses within the ACEC area.
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The Desert will continue to be accessible to people invehicles, as consistent with
changing tends and needs.The Motorized-Vehicle Access Element will not
remainstatic but will give guidance by responding to newdemands for resource
protection and access.
5. REFERENCE
Http://archive.org/stream/californiadesert5115unit#page/168/mode/2up
The California desert conservation area plan, 1980.
http://www.wikipedia.com
http://www.blm.gov/co/st/en/fo/gjfo/recreation/north_fruita_desert.html
http://pib.nic.in/archieve/others/2005/nedocuments2005dec/ruraldevdec
2005/chapter21.pdf