A security or wellbeing standard is a standard "which obliges conditions, or the reception or utilization of one or more practices, means, systems, operations, or procedures, sensibly vital or fitting to give sheltered or fortifying occupation". A standard is sensibly important or fitting inside the importance of Section 652(8) on the off chance that it generously lessens or disposes of critical hazard, and is monetarily achievable, mechanically attainable, and practical, and is reliable with earlier Agency activity or is a legitimized takeoff, is upheld by generous confirmation, and is better ready to effectuate the Act's reasons than any national agreement standard it supersedes. A standard is mechanically plausible if the defensive measures it obliges as of now exist, can be brought into presence with accessible innovation, or can be made with innovation that can sensibly be required to be created. A standard is monetarily possible if industry can retain or go on the expenses of consistence without undermining its long haul benefit or focused structure. See ATMI, 452 U.S. at 530 n. 55; AISI, 939 F.2d at 980. A standard is financially savvy if the defensive measures it requires are the minimum expensive of the accessible options that attain to the same level of assurance.
Area 6(b)(7) approves OSHA to incorporate among a standard's prerequisites naming, observing, medicinal testing and other data social occasion and transmittal procurements. All norms must be profoundly defensive. At long last, at whatever point useful, guidelines might "be communicated regarding target criteria and of the execution coveted." As examined in different places in this introduction, OSHA has established that dangers connected with steel erection exercises posture critical dangers to workers and that the procurements of the last administer are sensible and important to shield influenced representatives from those dangers. The Agency evaluates that full consistence with the current and overhauled steel erection standard will diminish the danger of recognized dangers. This constitutes a generous decrease of noteworthy danger of material damage for the uncovered populace of pretty nearly 56,840 steel erection representatives.
OSHA has established that there are no innovative hindrances to agreeability with the last run the show. As examined in Section IV, Summary and Explanation of the Final Rule, the rulemaking record demonstrates that a large portion of the prerequisites contained in the last manage are now as a rule use all through the business. OSHA additionally presumes that agreeability is monetarily doable on the grounds that, as reported in the Final Economic Analysis, all directed parts can promptly assimilate or go on consistence expenses and the standard's expenses, advantages, and agreeability prerequisites are reliable with those of other security norms. The record demonstrates plainly that steel erection workers face noteworthy dangers and that agre.
1. The document discusses the mechanisms of adhesion, which can be divided into chemical bonding and physical bonding. Chemical bonding involves primary bonds formed by electron sharing or exchange, and secondary bonds formed through mechanical linking. Physical bonding involves mechanical interlocking, diffusion, adsorption, and electrostatic forces.
2. Mechanical interlocking occurs when an adhesive penetrates pores and irregularities in a substrate to create a mechanical link. Diffusion bonding is caused by compatibility between polymer chains that allows for mixing and penetration. Adsorption bonding is through intermolecular attraction like van der Waals forces, requiring wetting of the substrate. Electrostatic bonding arises from separation of charges at interfaces, affecting polar adhesives.
This document provides an introduction to rheology, which is the science of flow and deformation of matter. It describes different types of fluid flow behaviors including Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. Key rheological parameters like viscosity and factors that affect viscosity are explained. The document also outlines three schools of thought on rheological measurement and discusses why rheological measurements are important.
Tensile testing is used to determine the strength and ductility of materials. A specimen is placed in grips and pulled apart under increasing tensile force while measuring elongation. The resulting stress-strain curve provides properties like yield strength, tensile strength, and Young's modulus. Tensile tests are important for engineering design and quality control by ensuring materials can withstand expected loads and comparing new materials. Common applications include testing aircraft components, bolts, and other loaded structures.
Viscoelastic response of polymeric solids to sliding contactsPadmanabhan Krishnan
A polymeric solid is seen to produce its own signatures in sliding contacts. This has immense applications. The viscoelastic phenomena and signatures are discussed with the relevant models.
This document analyzes the relationship between absorption, swelling, and elastic properties of fibers. It discusses how absorption causes swelling, which alters fiber dimensions and properties. Absorption and swelling are dependent on stresses within the fiber from internal or external forces. The document also examines how applied mechanical forces influence absorption according to thermodynamic models of osmosis. It proposes methods to account for these mechanical effects, including using a reduced vapor pressure based on swelling and elastic properties.
The document discusses various theories of adhesion including physical absorption, chemical bonding, diffusion, electrostatic, and mechanical interlocking theories. It explains that adhesion occurs due to molecular contact and surface forces between two materials. Adhesives are now commonly used in manufacturing across many industries like construction, automobiles, footwear, and more due to advantages like joining dissimilar materials and reducing weight.
Influence of Local Effects on Hold Period Fatigue Assessments for Reel-LayPaul Brett
Local effects at the hang-off clamp (HOC) where a pipeline is held during offshore installation can influence fatigue damage assessments. Finite element analysis found that local frictional slip and insulation compliance reduce the stress concentration factor compared to assuming full fixity. This lower stiffness and added damping were incorporated into dynamic simulations, finding lower predicted fatigue damage than with full fixity. Accounting for local HOC effects more accurately represents pipeline behavior and could allow longer hold periods.
1. The document discusses the mechanisms of adhesion, which can be divided into chemical bonding and physical bonding. Chemical bonding involves primary bonds formed by electron sharing or exchange, and secondary bonds formed through mechanical linking. Physical bonding involves mechanical interlocking, diffusion, adsorption, and electrostatic forces.
2. Mechanical interlocking occurs when an adhesive penetrates pores and irregularities in a substrate to create a mechanical link. Diffusion bonding is caused by compatibility between polymer chains that allows for mixing and penetration. Adsorption bonding is through intermolecular attraction like van der Waals forces, requiring wetting of the substrate. Electrostatic bonding arises from separation of charges at interfaces, affecting polar adhesives.
This document provides an introduction to rheology, which is the science of flow and deformation of matter. It describes different types of fluid flow behaviors including Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. Key rheological parameters like viscosity and factors that affect viscosity are explained. The document also outlines three schools of thought on rheological measurement and discusses why rheological measurements are important.
Tensile testing is used to determine the strength and ductility of materials. A specimen is placed in grips and pulled apart under increasing tensile force while measuring elongation. The resulting stress-strain curve provides properties like yield strength, tensile strength, and Young's modulus. Tensile tests are important for engineering design and quality control by ensuring materials can withstand expected loads and comparing new materials. Common applications include testing aircraft components, bolts, and other loaded structures.
Viscoelastic response of polymeric solids to sliding contactsPadmanabhan Krishnan
A polymeric solid is seen to produce its own signatures in sliding contacts. This has immense applications. The viscoelastic phenomena and signatures are discussed with the relevant models.
This document analyzes the relationship between absorption, swelling, and elastic properties of fibers. It discusses how absorption causes swelling, which alters fiber dimensions and properties. Absorption and swelling are dependent on stresses within the fiber from internal or external forces. The document also examines how applied mechanical forces influence absorption according to thermodynamic models of osmosis. It proposes methods to account for these mechanical effects, including using a reduced vapor pressure based on swelling and elastic properties.
The document discusses various theories of adhesion including physical absorption, chemical bonding, diffusion, electrostatic, and mechanical interlocking theories. It explains that adhesion occurs due to molecular contact and surface forces between two materials. Adhesives are now commonly used in manufacturing across many industries like construction, automobiles, footwear, and more due to advantages like joining dissimilar materials and reducing weight.
Influence of Local Effects on Hold Period Fatigue Assessments for Reel-LayPaul Brett
Local effects at the hang-off clamp (HOC) where a pipeline is held during offshore installation can influence fatigue damage assessments. Finite element analysis found that local frictional slip and insulation compliance reduce the stress concentration factor compared to assuming full fixity. This lower stiffness and added damping were incorporated into dynamic simulations, finding lower predicted fatigue damage than with full fixity. Accounting for local HOC effects more accurately represents pipeline behavior and could allow longer hold periods.
D3878.40664 Standard Terminology for Composite Materials.pdfmahmoodkhan77
This document defines terminology related to composite materials. It provides definitions for over 50 composite material terms in 3 sections. Section 1 describes the scope covering terms for composites with high-modulus fibers. Section 2 lists referenced industry standards. Section 3 gives definitions for terms ranging from "645° laminate" to "damage tolerance" with some including brief discussions or explanations.
www.elsevier.comlocatecompstrucComputers and Structures .docxjeffevans62972
www.elsevier.com/locate/compstruc
Computers and Structures 85 (2007) 235–243
On the treatment of uncertainties in structural mechanics and analysis q
G.I. Schuëller *
Institute of Engineering Mechanics, Leopold-Franzens University Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 13, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
Received 9 August 2006; accepted 31 October 2006
Available online 22 December 2006
Abstract
In this paper the need for a rational treatment of uncertainties in structural mechanics and analysis is reasoned. It is shown that the
traditional deterministic conception can be easily extended by applying statistical and probabilistic concepts. The so-called Monte Carlo
simulation procedure is the key for those developments, as it allows the straightforward use of the currently used deterministic analysis
procedures.
A numerical example exemplifies the methodology. It is concluded that uncertainty analysis may ensure robust predictions of vari-
ability, model verification, safety assessment, etc.
� 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Uncertainty; Monte Carlo simulaton; Finite elements; Response variability; Model verification; Robustness
1. Introduction
Structural mechanics analysis up to this date, generally is
still based on a deterministic conception. Observed varia-
tions in loading conditions, material properties, geometry,
etc. are taken into account by either selecting extremely
high, low or average values, respectively, for representing
the parameters. Hence, this way, uncertainties inherent in
almost every analysis process are considered just intuitively.
Observations and measurements of physical processes,
however, show not only variability, but also random char-
acteristics. Statistical and probabilistic procedures provide
a sound frame work for a rational treatment of analysis
of these uncertainties. Moreover there are various types of
uncertainties to be dealt with. While the uncertainties in
mechanical modeling can be reduced as additional knowl-
edge becomes available, the physical or intrinsic uncertain-
ties, e.g. of environmental loading, can not. Furthermore,
0045-7949/$ - see front matter � 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
doi:10.1016/j.compstruc.2006.10.009
q Plenary Keynote Lecture presented at the 3rd MIT Conference on
Computational Fluid and Solid Mechanics, Boston, MA, USA, June 14–
17, 2005.
* Tel.: +43 512 507 6841; fax: +43 512 507 2905.
E-mail address: [email protected]
the entire spectrum of uncertainties is also not known. In
reality, neither the true model nor the model parameters
are deterministically known. Assuming that by finite ele-
ment (FE) procedures structures and continua can be repre-
sented reasonably well the question of the effect of the
discretization still remains. It is generally expected, that
an increase in the size of the structural models, in terms of
degrees of freedom, will increase the level of realism of the
model. Comparisons with measurements, however, clearly
show that this expect.
Polymer Rheology(Properties study of polymer)Haseeb Ahmad
This document discusses fundamentals of polymer rheology. It defines rheology as the study of flow of matter, primarily liquids but also soft solids. Rheology is important for characterizing polymers and understanding how polymer structure affects processing behavior. The document describes different types of fluids and their viscosity properties. It also discusses various rheological measurement techniques like rotational rheometers, capillary rheometers and melt flow indexers.
A critical comparison of shear tests for adhesive joints.pdfssuser9f67f31
This document summarizes and compares four methods for testing the shear strength of adhesive joints: single lap shear test (SLJ), thick adherent shear test (TAST), ARCAN test, and napkin ring test. It analyzes each method based on the stress and strain distributions within the joint, and the triaxiality ratio of normal to shear stresses, using analytical calculations and finite element modeling. The goal is to determine an optimal test configuration by understanding the advantages and limitations of each method for characterizing the mechanical behavior and fatigue properties of adhesive joints.
The different faces of mass action in virus assemblyXequeMateShannon
The spontaneous encapsulation of genomic and non-genomic polyanions by coat proteins of simple icosahedral viruses is driven, in the first instance, by electrostatic interactions with polycationic RNA binding domains on these proteins. The efficiency with which the polyanions can be encapsulated in vitro, and presumably also in vivo, must in addition be governed by the loss of translational and mixing entropy associated with co-assembly, at least if this co-assembly constitutes a reversible process. These forms of entropy counteract the impact of attractive interactions between the constituents and hence they counteract complexation. By invoking mass action-type arguments and a simple model describing electrostatic interactions, we show how these forms of entropy might settle the competition between negatively charged polymers of different molecular weights for co-assembly with the coat proteins. In direct competition, mass action turns out to strongly work against the encapsulation of RNAs that are significantly shorter, which is typically the case for non-viral (host) RNAs. We also find that coat proteins favor forming virus particles over nonspecific binding to other proteins in the cytosol even if these are present in vast excess. Our results rationalize a number of recent in vitro co-assembly experiments showing that short polyanions are less effective at attracting virus coat proteins to form virus-like particles than long ones do, even if both are present at equal weight concentrations in the assembly mixture.
This document summarizes a paper presented at the 24th ICAF Symposium on the selection of test factors for determining safe-life in fatigue analysis. It discusses two main methods: the Combined Distribution Method and the Mean Estimation Method. The Combined Distribution Method, which is widely used, has limitations as it does not accurately represent the probability of failure. The Mean Estimation Method overcomes these limitations by estimating the mean fatigue life from test data as an intermediate step to determine the life-factor and safe-life in a conservative manner. The document explains the assumptions, derivations and limitations of each method.
Plasticity, Theory of Plasticity ,Creep in concrete ,Creep, Stiffness ,Elasticity ,Plasticity ,Euler-Bernoulli beam equation, Buckling, Ductility VS Malleability, Ductile Materials, Brittle Materials ,Modulus of Elasticity, Plastic Strain, Tensile Strength, Yield Strength, Ultimate Strength, Solid mechanics or Mechanics of solids, Strength of Materials, Types of forces, Normal forces, Fatigue , Resilience, Unit of Resilience, Modulus of rigidity , Modulus of Resilience, Modulus of Toughness Poisson’s Ratio.
Roman Boulatov and colleagues developed a new approach to force spectroscopy using small molecule probes to apply mechanical forces to reactive groups and study chemomechanical phenomena. They designed a cyclic molecule, stilbene, that can be switched between a relatively unstrained and highly strained state using light, applying forces in the range of tens to hundreds of piconewtons. They observed the rate of dissociation of a carbon-carbon bond increase by a factor of 106 under the highest forces. This new approach miniaturizes force spectroscopy to the nanoscale and allows reactions to be monitored using conventional spectroscopy tools, providing insights into mechanically assisted chemistry not visible to other methods.
This document provides an overview of tensile testing. It discusses tensile specimens, testing machines, stress-strain curves, and key mechanical properties measured by tensile tests such as strength, ductility, and elastic modulus. Tensile tests are used to select materials, ensure quality, compare new materials/processes, and predict behavior under other loads. Stress-strain curves are generated by applying tension to a specimen and recording the resulting force and elongation. Important aspects of the curves, like yield strength and plastic deformation, are defined.
This presentation discusses tensile properties of textile fibers. It defines tensile properties and explains that tensile tests are used to load fiber specimens in a controlled manner while measuring applied load and elongation. The presentation outlines factors that determine tensile test results, such as fiber material and dimensions. It also discusses expressing tensile properties through load-elongation curves and metrics like stress, strain, work of rupture, and Hooke's law. Finally, it examines tensile properties of different fiber types like protein fibers and summarizes that tensile tests provide important information about a material's strength and elasticity.
This chapter discusses molecular motions in complex media containing fluid-solid interfaces, such as porous media and colloidal particles. It aims to classify the key mechanisms determining molecular dynamics in these systems, including adsorption/desorption kinetics, translational and rotational diffusion, and liquid-vapor coexistence phenomena. The chapter distinguishes between effects due to fluid-wall interactions and geometric confinement in mesoporous spaces. It surveys fundamental definitions for characterizing pore spaces and fluid phases, and categories of restricted geometry effects on translational and rotational diffusion.
Physics 7, 113 (2014)ViewpointPushing on a Nonlinear Mat.docxmattjtoni51554
This document summarizes a study that assessed the effectiveness of a computer-based social skills training program called FaceSay for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The study found that using FaceSay to practice recognizing facial expressions, emotions, and social interactions with avatar assistants improved social skills for both children with low-functioning autism and high-functioning autism. Children with low-functioning autism showed improvements in emotion recognition and social interactions, while children with high-functioning autism demonstrated broader improvements in facial recognition, emotion recognition, and social interactions. The findings provide encouraging evidence that computer-based interventions can help children with ASD develop important social skills.
This document discusses cladistic methodology, which aims to estimate evolutionary history from similarities and differences among units of evolution. It addresses several challenges in doing so, including defining units of comparison, detecting convergence, and measuring evolutionary divergence. The document emphasizes applying scientific methodology rigorously, distinguishing empirical data from hypotheses and deduced implications. While mathematics can clarify hypotheses, observations are still needed. Heuristic techniques may be used provisionally if full logical implications are unclear, but must be justified as reasonable approximations.
HYDRODYNAMIC SQUEEZE FILM LUBRICATION BETWEEN ROUGH PARALLEL PLATES: HIP-JOIN...IAEME Publication
Objectives: The objective of this paper is to analyze the unsteady hydrodynamics queeze film lubrication between rough parallel plates with changed boundaryconditions.
Methods/Statistical analysis: The stochastic model of Christensen and Tonder hasbeen deployed here to evaluate the effect of surface roughness. Also the effect ofroughness parameters on different moments is numerically modelled. The associated stochastically averaged Reynolds equation is solved to obtain the pressure distribution. The results obtained here are presented in graphical forms.
Findings: It has been conclusively establish that in general the transverse surfaceroughness effects the bearing performance adversely. Out of the three roughnessparameters the standard deviation influences the bearing system significantly. Further
a better situation is registered with reference to X3 axis.
Application/Improvements: This theory can be developed to manufacture a suitable design for hip-joint.
This document discusses various material models used to describe the mechanical behavior of materials, including biological tissues. It introduces concepts such as stress, strain, linear elasticity, non-linear elasticity, plasticity, damage, fatigue, viscoelasticity, and poroelasticity. Models may describe elastic behavior, inelastic behavior from damage or plasticity, or time-dependent behavior from viscoelasticity or poroelasticity. Finite element methods are useful for applying these models to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the complex behavior of tissues and implant-tissue interactions.
Viscoelastic response of polymeric solids in sliding contactspadmanabhankrishnan4
Abstract: The viscoelastic response of polymeric solids to sliding contact conditions
is observed and analyzed with respect to the sliding speed, material composition,
and geometry. It was discovered that polymeric solids produced their own distinct
viscoelastic signatures that cause resonance at certain sliding speeds which can be
explained with resonance conditions for electromagnetic waves. The observed viscolelastic phenomenon is characterized with respect to the relaxation and recovery
times for rigid polymeric solids. It is confirmatory as a demonstration of proof of
existence of viscoelasticity and self-organization in these materials under sliding contact conditions. Viscoelastic observations are also made on the aged specimens in
sliding contact.
lecturenote_1177425455CAPTER TWO-Design for static strength.pdfPraveen Kumar
1) The document discusses static strength and load design. It describes how static loads do not change over time and can produce tension, compression, shear, bending or torsion stresses.
2) Ideally, strength tests would match the actual loading conditions and part geometry, but this is often not feasible. Instead, published material properties are used, which provides less information for design.
3) Stress concentrations occur where there are geometric changes like holes, notches or threads and increase the stresses beyond nominal values. Various stress concentration factors are used to relate actual and nominal stresses.
This dissertation examines energy storage methods for small to medium-sized smart grids with distributed energy production. It provides an overview of various energy storage systems, including electrochemical, mechanical, chemical and thermal methods. A case study of the island of Tilos, Greece is presented, where load profile data is analyzed to determine the optimal hybrid energy storage system for the island's smart grid, consisting of a flywheel and flow battery. The dissertation concludes that different energy storage methods can contribute uniquely to grid stability, frequency regulation and supply security in small smart grids.
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Writea minimum 300 word reflection in which you compare and.docxannetnash8266
Write
a minimum 300 word reflection in which you compare and
contrast the Chinese Spiritual Worldview with the Indian Spiritual
Worldview based on the textbook readings.
Describe the early Daoist teachers.
Explain basic Daoist teachings.
Characterize the ideal society according to Confucius.
Illustrate the influence of the natural world on Shinto belief and practice
.
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D3878.40664 Standard Terminology for Composite Materials.pdfmahmoodkhan77
This document defines terminology related to composite materials. It provides definitions for over 50 composite material terms in 3 sections. Section 1 describes the scope covering terms for composites with high-modulus fibers. Section 2 lists referenced industry standards. Section 3 gives definitions for terms ranging from "645° laminate" to "damage tolerance" with some including brief discussions or explanations.
www.elsevier.comlocatecompstrucComputers and Structures .docxjeffevans62972
www.elsevier.com/locate/compstruc
Computers and Structures 85 (2007) 235–243
On the treatment of uncertainties in structural mechanics and analysis q
G.I. Schuëller *
Institute of Engineering Mechanics, Leopold-Franzens University Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 13, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
Received 9 August 2006; accepted 31 October 2006
Available online 22 December 2006
Abstract
In this paper the need for a rational treatment of uncertainties in structural mechanics and analysis is reasoned. It is shown that the
traditional deterministic conception can be easily extended by applying statistical and probabilistic concepts. The so-called Monte Carlo
simulation procedure is the key for those developments, as it allows the straightforward use of the currently used deterministic analysis
procedures.
A numerical example exemplifies the methodology. It is concluded that uncertainty analysis may ensure robust predictions of vari-
ability, model verification, safety assessment, etc.
� 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Uncertainty; Monte Carlo simulaton; Finite elements; Response variability; Model verification; Robustness
1. Introduction
Structural mechanics analysis up to this date, generally is
still based on a deterministic conception. Observed varia-
tions in loading conditions, material properties, geometry,
etc. are taken into account by either selecting extremely
high, low or average values, respectively, for representing
the parameters. Hence, this way, uncertainties inherent in
almost every analysis process are considered just intuitively.
Observations and measurements of physical processes,
however, show not only variability, but also random char-
acteristics. Statistical and probabilistic procedures provide
a sound frame work for a rational treatment of analysis
of these uncertainties. Moreover there are various types of
uncertainties to be dealt with. While the uncertainties in
mechanical modeling can be reduced as additional knowl-
edge becomes available, the physical or intrinsic uncertain-
ties, e.g. of environmental loading, can not. Furthermore,
0045-7949/$ - see front matter � 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
doi:10.1016/j.compstruc.2006.10.009
q Plenary Keynote Lecture presented at the 3rd MIT Conference on
Computational Fluid and Solid Mechanics, Boston, MA, USA, June 14–
17, 2005.
* Tel.: +43 512 507 6841; fax: +43 512 507 2905.
E-mail address: [email protected]
the entire spectrum of uncertainties is also not known. In
reality, neither the true model nor the model parameters
are deterministically known. Assuming that by finite ele-
ment (FE) procedures structures and continua can be repre-
sented reasonably well the question of the effect of the
discretization still remains. It is generally expected, that
an increase in the size of the structural models, in terms of
degrees of freedom, will increase the level of realism of the
model. Comparisons with measurements, however, clearly
show that this expect.
Polymer Rheology(Properties study of polymer)Haseeb Ahmad
This document discusses fundamentals of polymer rheology. It defines rheology as the study of flow of matter, primarily liquids but also soft solids. Rheology is important for characterizing polymers and understanding how polymer structure affects processing behavior. The document describes different types of fluids and their viscosity properties. It also discusses various rheological measurement techniques like rotational rheometers, capillary rheometers and melt flow indexers.
A critical comparison of shear tests for adhesive joints.pdfssuser9f67f31
This document summarizes and compares four methods for testing the shear strength of adhesive joints: single lap shear test (SLJ), thick adherent shear test (TAST), ARCAN test, and napkin ring test. It analyzes each method based on the stress and strain distributions within the joint, and the triaxiality ratio of normal to shear stresses, using analytical calculations and finite element modeling. The goal is to determine an optimal test configuration by understanding the advantages and limitations of each method for characterizing the mechanical behavior and fatigue properties of adhesive joints.
The different faces of mass action in virus assemblyXequeMateShannon
The spontaneous encapsulation of genomic and non-genomic polyanions by coat proteins of simple icosahedral viruses is driven, in the first instance, by electrostatic interactions with polycationic RNA binding domains on these proteins. The efficiency with which the polyanions can be encapsulated in vitro, and presumably also in vivo, must in addition be governed by the loss of translational and mixing entropy associated with co-assembly, at least if this co-assembly constitutes a reversible process. These forms of entropy counteract the impact of attractive interactions between the constituents and hence they counteract complexation. By invoking mass action-type arguments and a simple model describing electrostatic interactions, we show how these forms of entropy might settle the competition between negatively charged polymers of different molecular weights for co-assembly with the coat proteins. In direct competition, mass action turns out to strongly work against the encapsulation of RNAs that are significantly shorter, which is typically the case for non-viral (host) RNAs. We also find that coat proteins favor forming virus particles over nonspecific binding to other proteins in the cytosol even if these are present in vast excess. Our results rationalize a number of recent in vitro co-assembly experiments showing that short polyanions are less effective at attracting virus coat proteins to form virus-like particles than long ones do, even if both are present at equal weight concentrations in the assembly mixture.
This document summarizes a paper presented at the 24th ICAF Symposium on the selection of test factors for determining safe-life in fatigue analysis. It discusses two main methods: the Combined Distribution Method and the Mean Estimation Method. The Combined Distribution Method, which is widely used, has limitations as it does not accurately represent the probability of failure. The Mean Estimation Method overcomes these limitations by estimating the mean fatigue life from test data as an intermediate step to determine the life-factor and safe-life in a conservative manner. The document explains the assumptions, derivations and limitations of each method.
Plasticity, Theory of Plasticity ,Creep in concrete ,Creep, Stiffness ,Elasticity ,Plasticity ,Euler-Bernoulli beam equation, Buckling, Ductility VS Malleability, Ductile Materials, Brittle Materials ,Modulus of Elasticity, Plastic Strain, Tensile Strength, Yield Strength, Ultimate Strength, Solid mechanics or Mechanics of solids, Strength of Materials, Types of forces, Normal forces, Fatigue , Resilience, Unit of Resilience, Modulus of rigidity , Modulus of Resilience, Modulus of Toughness Poisson’s Ratio.
Roman Boulatov and colleagues developed a new approach to force spectroscopy using small molecule probes to apply mechanical forces to reactive groups and study chemomechanical phenomena. They designed a cyclic molecule, stilbene, that can be switched between a relatively unstrained and highly strained state using light, applying forces in the range of tens to hundreds of piconewtons. They observed the rate of dissociation of a carbon-carbon bond increase by a factor of 106 under the highest forces. This new approach miniaturizes force spectroscopy to the nanoscale and allows reactions to be monitored using conventional spectroscopy tools, providing insights into mechanically assisted chemistry not visible to other methods.
This document provides an overview of tensile testing. It discusses tensile specimens, testing machines, stress-strain curves, and key mechanical properties measured by tensile tests such as strength, ductility, and elastic modulus. Tensile tests are used to select materials, ensure quality, compare new materials/processes, and predict behavior under other loads. Stress-strain curves are generated by applying tension to a specimen and recording the resulting force and elongation. Important aspects of the curves, like yield strength and plastic deformation, are defined.
This presentation discusses tensile properties of textile fibers. It defines tensile properties and explains that tensile tests are used to load fiber specimens in a controlled manner while measuring applied load and elongation. The presentation outlines factors that determine tensile test results, such as fiber material and dimensions. It also discusses expressing tensile properties through load-elongation curves and metrics like stress, strain, work of rupture, and Hooke's law. Finally, it examines tensile properties of different fiber types like protein fibers and summarizes that tensile tests provide important information about a material's strength and elasticity.
This chapter discusses molecular motions in complex media containing fluid-solid interfaces, such as porous media and colloidal particles. It aims to classify the key mechanisms determining molecular dynamics in these systems, including adsorption/desorption kinetics, translational and rotational diffusion, and liquid-vapor coexistence phenomena. The chapter distinguishes between effects due to fluid-wall interactions and geometric confinement in mesoporous spaces. It surveys fundamental definitions for characterizing pore spaces and fluid phases, and categories of restricted geometry effects on translational and rotational diffusion.
Physics 7, 113 (2014)ViewpointPushing on a Nonlinear Mat.docxmattjtoni51554
This document summarizes a study that assessed the effectiveness of a computer-based social skills training program called FaceSay for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The study found that using FaceSay to practice recognizing facial expressions, emotions, and social interactions with avatar assistants improved social skills for both children with low-functioning autism and high-functioning autism. Children with low-functioning autism showed improvements in emotion recognition and social interactions, while children with high-functioning autism demonstrated broader improvements in facial recognition, emotion recognition, and social interactions. The findings provide encouraging evidence that computer-based interventions can help children with ASD develop important social skills.
This document discusses cladistic methodology, which aims to estimate evolutionary history from similarities and differences among units of evolution. It addresses several challenges in doing so, including defining units of comparison, detecting convergence, and measuring evolutionary divergence. The document emphasizes applying scientific methodology rigorously, distinguishing empirical data from hypotheses and deduced implications. While mathematics can clarify hypotheses, observations are still needed. Heuristic techniques may be used provisionally if full logical implications are unclear, but must be justified as reasonable approximations.
HYDRODYNAMIC SQUEEZE FILM LUBRICATION BETWEEN ROUGH PARALLEL PLATES: HIP-JOIN...IAEME Publication
Objectives: The objective of this paper is to analyze the unsteady hydrodynamics queeze film lubrication between rough parallel plates with changed boundaryconditions.
Methods/Statistical analysis: The stochastic model of Christensen and Tonder hasbeen deployed here to evaluate the effect of surface roughness. Also the effect ofroughness parameters on different moments is numerically modelled. The associated stochastically averaged Reynolds equation is solved to obtain the pressure distribution. The results obtained here are presented in graphical forms.
Findings: It has been conclusively establish that in general the transverse surfaceroughness effects the bearing performance adversely. Out of the three roughnessparameters the standard deviation influences the bearing system significantly. Further
a better situation is registered with reference to X3 axis.
Application/Improvements: This theory can be developed to manufacture a suitable design for hip-joint.
This document discusses various material models used to describe the mechanical behavior of materials, including biological tissues. It introduces concepts such as stress, strain, linear elasticity, non-linear elasticity, plasticity, damage, fatigue, viscoelasticity, and poroelasticity. Models may describe elastic behavior, inelastic behavior from damage or plasticity, or time-dependent behavior from viscoelasticity or poroelasticity. Finite element methods are useful for applying these models to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the complex behavior of tissues and implant-tissue interactions.
Viscoelastic response of polymeric solids in sliding contactspadmanabhankrishnan4
Abstract: The viscoelastic response of polymeric solids to sliding contact conditions
is observed and analyzed with respect to the sliding speed, material composition,
and geometry. It was discovered that polymeric solids produced their own distinct
viscoelastic signatures that cause resonance at certain sliding speeds which can be
explained with resonance conditions for electromagnetic waves. The observed viscolelastic phenomenon is characterized with respect to the relaxation and recovery
times for rigid polymeric solids. It is confirmatory as a demonstration of proof of
existence of viscoelasticity and self-organization in these materials under sliding contact conditions. Viscoelastic observations are also made on the aged specimens in
sliding contact.
lecturenote_1177425455CAPTER TWO-Design for static strength.pdfPraveen Kumar
1) The document discusses static strength and load design. It describes how static loads do not change over time and can produce tension, compression, shear, bending or torsion stresses.
2) Ideally, strength tests would match the actual loading conditions and part geometry, but this is often not feasible. Instead, published material properties are used, which provides less information for design.
3) Stress concentrations occur where there are geometric changes like holes, notches or threads and increase the stresses beyond nominal values. Various stress concentration factors are used to relate actual and nominal stresses.
This dissertation examines energy storage methods for small to medium-sized smart grids with distributed energy production. It provides an overview of various energy storage systems, including electrochemical, mechanical, chemical and thermal methods. A case study of the island of Tilos, Greece is presented, where load profile data is analyzed to determine the optimal hybrid energy storage system for the island's smart grid, consisting of a flywheel and flow battery. The dissertation concludes that different energy storage methods can contribute uniquely to grid stability, frequency regulation and supply security in small smart grids.
Similar to A security or wellbeing standard is a standard which obliges cond.docx (20)
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Writea minimum 300 word reflection in which you compare and.docxannetnash8266
Write
a minimum 300 word reflection in which you compare and
contrast the Chinese Spiritual Worldview with the Indian Spiritual
Worldview based on the textbook readings.
Describe the early Daoist teachers.
Explain basic Daoist teachings.
Characterize the ideal society according to Confucius.
Illustrate the influence of the natural world on Shinto belief and practice
.
Writea draft of the paper on case tools and include the followin.docxannetnash8266
Write
a draft of the paper on case tools and include the following:
·
Define the term
case tools
and provide at least three examples.
·
Describe how case tools are used in the design of a database.
·
Explain how three different case tools are used in database design, including their advantages and disadvantages.
Format
your paper consistent with APA guidelines.
.
Write To complete the assignment, open the OUTLINE ATTACHMENT fi.docxannetnash8266
Write:
To complete the assignment, open the OUTLINE ATTACHMENT fill it out entirely. Within the worksheet, you will state your thesis statement, provide an outline of your paper, and integrate the four sources (below),
and FIND two more sources being a (webpage and online magazine ONLY) on the topic “The Affordable Care Act 2010”, into your outline to showcase how these resources support your ideas. Provide a full APA references list with a minimum of six sources. Please be sure to utilize outline format and to support all statements with scholarly research. All references should be listed in full APA format and cited appropriately.
Source 1-
Burkhauser, R. V., Larrimore, J., & Simon, K. (2013). Measuring the impact of valuing health insurance on levels and trends in inequality and how the Affordable Care Act of 2010 could affect them.
Contemporary Economic Policy
,
31
(4), 779-794.
Source 2-
Cooper, R. W., & Gardner, L. A. (2016). Extensive Changes and Major Challenges Encountered in Health Insurance Markets under the Affordable Care Act.
Journal of Financial Service Professionals
,
70
(5).
Source 3-
Hester, R. D. (2017). The successful innovations of the affordable care act of 2010.
Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship
,
6
(1), 18
Source 4-
Martin, E. J. (2015). Healthcare policy legislation and administration: Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010.
Journal of health and human services administration
, 407-411.
Source 5-
Sparer, M. S. (2011). Federalism and the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010: The founding fathers would not be surprised.
Journal of health politics, policy and law
,
36
(3), 461-468.
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Write your proposal based on the criterias listed below Pr.docxannetnash8266
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Write a 350- to no more than 700-word paper using APA format.D.docxannetnash8266
Write
a 350- to no more than 700-word paper using APA format.
Describe
the flow of information in your company, or in a company at which you have been employed. In your paper, discuss the following:
The intrapersonal, interpersonal, group, organizational, and intercultural levels of communication within your company
How information travels up, down, and across your organization, and how it relates to the basic communications model
The functions of the Y hierarchy of managerial communications. Does it apply to your organization's communication hierarchy?
A comparison of at least three managerial communication approaches you have observed in your organization
At least three potential barriers to effective communications that exist in your company
A minimum of one reference and one in-text citation is required.
First person is acceptable.
.
Write a 350- to 700-word paper in which you investigate the interr.docxannetnash8266
Write
a 350- to 700-word paper in which you investigate the interrelationship between culture and visual entertainment media, such as television and film. Include answers to the following questions:
·
In what ways have various forms of visual entertainment media shaped American culture and its values?
·
Are the social influences of visual entertainment media mostly positive or negative? Explain.
Illustrate
your answers with specific examples.
Conclude
your paper by summarizing how visual media either reflect or influence social behavior and attitudes.
Format
your paper consistent with APA guidelines.
.
Write a 350 word analysis about juvenile attitudes toward poli.docxannetnash8266
Write
a 350 word analysis about juvenile attitudes toward police. Consider recent cases in the media regarding juvenile interactions with police departments. Analyze the attitudes today's youth have toward police. Address the following:
Summary of current media piece you are analyzing
Evaluation of attitudes and factors influencing attitudes
Is remediation of these attitudes necessary?
.
Write a 350- to 700-word paper in which you do the followingExp.docxannetnash8266
Write
a 350- to 700-word paper in which you do the following:
Explain what database systems are and how they are used.
Define database architecture. Consider Microsoft
®
Access
®
, Microsoft
®
SQL Server
®
, Oracle
®
, and IBM DB2
®
software as possible examples.
Summarize your paper by describing the database systems in your workplace, identifying which database systems and architecture they fall under.
Include
2 to 4 references.
Format
your paper consistent with APA guidelines.
.
Write a 350- to 700- word response to the following questionsHo.docxannetnash8266
Write
a 350- to 700- word response to the following questions:
How did psychology evolve into a science?
What are some psychological perspectives that explain human behavior?
A long-standing debate in the field of psychology is the degree to which nature and nurture shape human behaviors and traits. How would you describe the interaction between genetic potential, environmental influences, and personal choice?
Format
your response consistent with APA guidelines.
Click
the Assignment Files tab to submit your assignment.
AND
Write
a 500- to 1000-word essay contrasting the roles of the temporal and frontal lobes on behavior. Include the types of behaviors for which each lobe is responsible, as well as the effects of heredity on the development of these behaviors. Additionally, include what may happen if there is damage to these lobes, including Broca's and Wernicke's aphasias.
Format
your essay consistent with APA guidelines.
Click
the Assignment Files tab to submit your assignment.
.
Write a 1,400- to 1,750 word APA format paper regarding a so.docxannetnash8266
Write
a 1,400- to 1,750 word
APA format paper
regarding a social networking interview.
Identify
whom you interviewed, their title, and years of working experience in the area of Operations Management.
Provide
insights into your subject's role and why Operations Management is vital to his/her organization.
Provide
the reason for selecting the individual you chose to interview.
List
the questions you asked.
Include
a summary of the organization.
Give
a summary of what you learned as a result of this interview.
Provide
a reflection of what is important about this assignment.
Discuss
any follow-up activities the person you interviewed suggested.
Provide
at least two peer reviewed academic references. Make sure that the in-text citations matched the reference list.
Format
your paper consistent with APA guidelines.
IMPORTANT:
Make sure to review your assignment submission for content similarity on Safe Assign before submission. Assignment is preferred to have no more than 10% content similarity.
.
Write a 350- to 500-word summary in which you answer the following.docxannetnash8266
Write
a 350- to 500-word summary in which you answer the following questions:
What were the major developments in the evolution of mass media during the last century?
How did each development influence American culture?
What is meant by the term
media convergence
, and how has it affected everyday life?
700 word max.
.
Write a 300- to 350-word response to the followingWhen thinki.docxannetnash8266
Write
a 300- to 350-word response to the following:
When thinking about all the types of diversity that can exist within a group, what is the most important thing for group members to keep in mind when interacting with each other? Explain.
APA format
Include 2 references
.
WRITE A 2-page paper on the following questions. Your answers must.docxannetnash8266
WRITE
A 2-page paper on the following questions. Your answers must be written in paragraph style after each question.
1. What personal interests do you have in regard to the field of social work?
2. What are your personal values? List three or more
3. How do your identified values influence what you believe about how people should be served?
4. What do you think you will be doing in 7 years?
5. What are the values/interests/beliefs of your selected state representative or state senator (name them and cite their website) and how are they reflected in the policies of your state? Give concrete examples of your state policy.
.
Write a 1- to 2-page report for the Director of IT describing .docxannetnash8266
Write
a 1- to 2-page report for the Director of IT describing the requirements you are considering as your team implements the wireless network. Include the following:
Design requirements that must be addressed
Justification to use different frequencies, channels, and antennae in the installation
Regulatory requirements to consider in implementation
Security requirements
Create
a 1/2- to 1-page table for your team. In the table, summarize possible frequency choices, including an explanation of the strength and weakness of each.
No plagiarism please use attached files for the scenario!!!!
.
Write a 1,400- to 2,100-word paper in which you assess criminal ju.docxannetnash8266
Write
a 1,400- to 2,100-word paper in which you assess criminal justice from a global perspective. In your paper be sure to analyze the following:
Assess the impact of globalization on the U.S. criminal justice system.
Compare and contrast international criminal justice systems (Civil Law, Common law, and Islamic Law and Socialist Law traditions).
Discuss the impact that cyber crime and technology have had on worldwide justice systems.
Differentiate the policing systems on a worldwide scale.
Identify major crimes and criminal issues that have a global impact on justice systems and processes (e.g., Somalia, Rwanda, Bosnia, Darfur, Congo, etc.).
Include
at least four peer reviewed references.
Format
your paper according to APA guidelines.
Submit
your assignment.
.
Write a 1,750-word paper that includes the following(UNITED.docxannetnash8266
Write
a 1,750-word paper that includes the following:
(UNITED STATES COAST GUARD)
The organizational overview.
Prioritized assessment of the strengths, weaknesses, threats and vulnerabilities of your selected organization's security system(s), including facilities, people, information systems, and other appropriate assets.
The influence of crime and criminology in your assessment, as well as applicable national and global issues.
Format
your assignment consistent with APA guidelines.
ATTACH TURN IT IN REPORT
.
Write a 1.400 to 1,700 word essay that summarizes your Week 4 .docxannetnash8266
Write
a 1.400 to 1,700 word essay that summarizes your Week 4 presentation and additionally includes the following:
Summary of each of the following from your Week 4 presentation:
What are cultural groups?
How can you work toward more effective intercultural communication?
How is globalization challenging traditional hierarchies of culture?
What are co-cultural groups?
What are the five belief domains and how do they influence intercultural communication? (Refer to Ch. 9)
Summary of the following Week 5 concepts:
Positive and negative examples of how the media acts as a cultural socialization agent
Discussion of one media theory as it relates to how you interact with mass media
How to develop media literacy
How technology has fostered global intercultural communication
The challenges and opportunities within intercultural communication for women and minority success in the future
.
Write a 1,400- to 1,750-word paper highlighting considerations for.docxannetnash8266
Write
a 1,400- to 1,750-word paper highlighting considerations for creating a security budget.
Include
the following:
Identify the key player involved in creating the budget.
Discuss liabilities a budget can create for an organization.
Consider how these liabilities can be addressed.
Determine the need for executive protection using a cost-benefit analysis.
Also Include
a
Created Tree Graph outlining the steps that make up the budgeting process.
Format
your assignment consistent with APA guidelines.
.
Write a 1,050-word minimum strategic implementation plan in wh.docxannetnash8266
Write
a 1,050-word minimum strategic implementation plan in which you include the following:
Create an implementation plan including:
Objectives
Functional tactics
Action items
Milestones and deadlines
Tasks and task ownership
Resource allocation
Recommend any organizational change management strategies that may enhance successful implementation.
Develop key success factors, budget, and forecasted financials, including a break-even chart.
Create a risk management plan including contingency plans for the identified risks.
Format
your paper according to APA guidelines.
.
Creative Restart 2024: Mike Martin - Finding a way around “no”Taste
Ideas that are good for business and good for the world that we live in, are what I’m passionate about.
Some ideas take a year to make, some take 8 years. I want to share two projects that best illustrate this and why it is never good to stop at “no”.
Brand Guideline of Bashundhara A4 Paper - 2024khabri85
It outlines the basic identity elements such as symbol, logotype, colors, and typefaces. It provides examples of applying the identity to materials like letterhead, business cards, reports, folders, and websites.
CapTechTalks Webinar Slides June 2024 Donovan Wright.pptxCapitolTechU
Slides from a Capitol Technology University webinar held June 20, 2024. The webinar featured Dr. Donovan Wright, presenting on the Department of Defense Digital Transformation.
How to Download & Install Module From the Odoo App Store in Odoo 17Celine George
Custom modules offer the flexibility to extend Odoo's capabilities, address unique requirements, and optimize workflows to align seamlessly with your organization's processes. By leveraging custom modules, businesses can unlock greater efficiency, productivity, and innovation, empowering them to stay competitive in today's dynamic market landscape. In this tutorial, we'll guide you step by step on how to easily download and install modules from the Odoo App Store.
How to Manage Reception Report in Odoo 17Celine George
A business may deal with both sales and purchases occasionally. They buy things from vendors and then sell them to their customers. Such dealings can be confusing at times. Because multiple clients may inquire about the same product at the same time, after purchasing those products, customers must be assigned to them. Odoo has a tool called Reception Report that can be used to complete this assignment. By enabling this, a reception report comes automatically after confirming a receipt, from which we can assign products to orders.
Contiguity Of Various Message Forms - Rupam Chandra.pptx
A security or wellbeing standard is a standard which obliges cond.docx
1. A security or wellbeing standard is a standard "which obliges
conditions, or the reception or utilization of one or more
practices, means, systems, operations, or procedures, sensibly
vital or fitting to give sheltered or fortifying occupation". A
standard is sensibly important or fitting inside the importance
of Section 652(8) on the off chance that it generously lessens or
disposes of critical hazard, and is monetarily achievable,
mechanically attainable, and practical, and is reliable with
earlier Agency activity or is a legitimized takeoff, is upheld by
generous confirmation, and is better ready to effectuate the
Act's reasons than any national agreement standard it
supersedes. A standard is mechanically plausible if the
defensive measures it obliges as of now exist, can be brought
into presence with accessible innovation, or can be made with
innovation that can sensibly be required to be created. A
standard is monetarily possible if industry can retain or go on
the expenses of consistence without undermining its long haul
benefit or focused structure. See ATMI, 452 U.S. at 530 n. 55;
AISI, 939 F.2d at 980. A standard is financially savvy if the
defensive measures it requires are the minimum expensive of
the accessible options that attain to the same level of assurance.
Area 6(b)(7) approves OSHA to incorporate among a standard's
prerequisites naming, observing, medicinal testing and other
data social occasion and transmittal procurements. All norms
must be profoundly defensive. At long last, at whatever point
useful, guidelines might "be communicated regarding target
criteria and of the execution coveted." As examined in different
places in this introduction, OSHA has established that dangers
connected with steel erection exercises posture critical dangers
to workers and that the procurements of the last administer are
sensible and important to shield influenced representatives from
those dangers. The Agency evaluates that full consistence with
the current and overhauled steel erection standard will diminish
the danger of recognized dangers. This constitutes a generous
2. decrease of noteworthy danger of material damage for the
uncovered populace of pretty nearly 56,840 steel erection
representatives.
OSHA has established that there are no innovative hindrances to
agreeability with the last run the show. As examined in Section
IV, Summary and Explanation of the Final Rule, the rulemaking
record demonstrates that a large portion of the prerequisites
contained in the last manage are now as a rule use all through
the business. OSHA additionally presumes that agreeability is
monetarily doable on the grounds that, as reported in the Final
Economic Analysis, all directed parts can promptly assimilate
or go on consistence expenses and the standard's expenses,
advantages, and agreeability prerequisites are reliable with
those of other security norms. The record demonstrates plainly
that steel erection workers face noteworthy dangers and that
agreeability with the last steel erection standard is sensibly
important to shield influenced representatives from that hazard.
OSHA has considered and reacted to all substantive remarks
with respect to the proposed steel erection standard on their
benefits in Section IV, Summary and Explanation of the Final
Rule. Specifically, OSHA assessed all recommended changes to
the proposed administer regarding their effect on laborer
security, their attainability, their expense viability, and their
congruity with the OSH Act.
The Poisson’s ratio is a dimensionless parameter that provides a
good deal of insight into the nature of the material. The major
classes of engineered structural materials fall neatly into order
when ranked by Poisson’s ratio:
It will be noticed that the most weak materials have the
least Poisson's degree, and that the materials seem to wind up
by and large more adaptable as the Poisson's degree increments.
The capacity of a material to contract horizontally as it is
augmented longitudinally is related specifically to its atomic
versatility, with elastic being fluid like and pottery being
exceptionally firmly reinforced. The Poisson's proportion is
3. additionally identified with the compressibility of the material.
The mass modulus K, additionally called the modulus of
compressibility, is the proportion of the hydrostatic weight p
required for a unit relative decline in volume ∆V/V.
The shape, or "conformity" of a polymer atom can extend
from a completely stretched out bind to a haphazardly curled
circle. Factually, the wound shape is substantially more likely
than the amplified one, basically in light of the fact that there
are such a variety of ways the chain can be wound and one and
only way it can be completely amplified. In thermodynamic
terms, the entropy of the curled adaptation is high, and the
entropy of the amplified compliance is extremely low. In the
event that the chain is broadened and afterward discharged,
there will be more wriggling movements watching out for the
most likely state than to significantly all the more exceptionally
extended states; the material would consequently psychologist
back to its unstretched and most noteworthy entropy state.
Identically, a individual holding the material in the extended
state would feel a tractable constrain as the material tries to
unstretch and is kept from doing as such. These impacts are
because of entropic elements, and not inner bond vitality. It is
feasible for materials to show both inner vitality and entropic
versatility. Vitality impacts command in many materials, yet
elastic is substantially more reliant on entropic impacts. A
perfect elastic is one in which the reaction is totally entropic,
with the inward vitality changes being unimportant. When we
extend an elastic band, the particles in its inside get to be
expanded in light of the fact that they are crosslinked by
synthetic or physical intersections as indicated in Fig. 2.9.
Without these connections, the particles could basically slide
past each other with practically zero uncoiling. "Senseless Putty
" is an sample of uncrosslinked polymer, and its absence of
intersection associations cause it to be a thick liquid as opposed
to a helpful elastomer that can tolerate managed burdens
without proceeding with stream. The crosslinks give a methods
by which one atom can pull on an alternate, and hence secure
4. burden exchange inside the materials. They additionally have
the impact of constraining how far the elastic can be extended
some time recently breaking, subsequent to the degree of the
entropic uncoiling is constrained by how far the material can
develop before pulling up tight against the system of
intersection focuses. We will see underneath that the solidness
of an elastic can be controlled specifically by changing the
crosslink thickness, and this is a case of methodology structure-
property control in materials.
As the temperature is raised, the Brownian-sort wriggling
of the polymer is strengthened, so that the material looks for all
the more enthusiastically to expect its irregular high-entropy
state. This implies that the power expected to hold an elastic
band at settled prolongation increments with expanding
temperature. Correspondingly, if the band is extended by
hanging a settled weight on it, the band will recoil as the
temperature is raised. In some thermodynamic formalisms it is
helpful to model this conduct by letting the coefficient of warm
extension be a variable parameter, with the capacity to turn into
negative for sufficiently extensive tractable strains. This is
somewhat dubious, be that as it may; for case, the extended
elastic band will contract just along its long hub when the
temperature is raised, and will get to be thicker in the transverse
bearings. The coefficient of warm development would have to
be made stretch-subordinate as well as reliant on bearing. It is
beneficial to study the reaction of rubbery materials in some
profundity, part of the way on the grounds that this gives a more
extensive perspective of the versatility of materials. However
this isn't an absolutely scholarly objective. Rubbery materials
are being utilized as a part of progressively requesting
mechanical applications (notwithstanding tires, which is an
exceptionally requesting application itself). Elastomeric
heading, vibration-control bolsters, and biomedical prostheses
are yet a couple of cases. We will layout what is known as the
"active hypothesis of elastic versatility," which treats the
entropic impact utilizing ideas of measurable thermodynamics.
5. This hypothesis remains as one of the best atomistic
speculations of mechanical reaction. It prompts an aftereffect of
fulfilling exactness without the requirement for movable
parameters or other fudge variables.
Legend. The legend is the essential and unequivocal
distinguishing proof of content. Positive distinguishing proof of
the substance of the channeling framework is by lettered legend
giving the name of the substance, in full or shortened structure,
as demonstrated in table. Shafts ought to be utilized to
demonstrate the course of stream. Utilize the legend to
recognize substance precisely and to give temperature, weight,
and different subtle elements important to distinguish the
danger. The legend might be short, instructive, pointed, and
straightforward. Legends should be connected near to valves
and contiguous changes in heading, extensions, and where
channels go through dividers or floors, what's more, as
regularly as required along straight hurries to give clear and
positive ID. ID may be connected by stenciling, tape, or
markers. The number and area of ID markers on a specific
channeling framework is in light of judgment.
Shading. Hues recorded in the table are utilized to
recognize the trademark properties of the substance. Shading
can be indicated on or adjacent to the channeling by any
physical means, yet it ought to be utilized as a part of mix with
a legend. Shading can be utilized as a part of ceaseless
aggregate length scope or in discontinuous presentations.
Perceivability. Channel markings ought to be very obvious. On
the off chance that pipe lines are over the ordinary line of
vision, the lettering is set underneath the flat centerline of the
funnel.Sort and Size of Letters. Give the greatest complexity
between shading field and legend, which demonstrates the
measure of letters prescribed. Utilization of standard size letters
of 1/2 in. then again bigger is suggested. For recognizing
materials in funnels of not exactly 3/4 in. in measurement and
for valve and fitting ID, utilize a forever decipherable tag.
6. Abnormal or Extreme Situations. At the point when the
channeling design happens in or makes a zone of restricted
availability or is amazingly perplexing, other distinguishing
proof methods may be needed. While a certain measure of
creative ability may be required, the planner ought to
dependably unmistakably distinguish the risk and utilize the
prescribed shading and legend rules.
References
ASME. 1987. Illuminating engineering. Standard Y10.18-1967
(R1977). American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New
York.
NEMA. 2002. Safety color code. Standard Z535-2002. National
Electrical Manufacturers Association, Rosslyn, VA.
NFPA. 2006. Standard for fire safety and emergency symbols,
2006 edition. Standard 170. National Fire Protection
Association, Quincy, MA.
Please understand every statement below:
1- You would be working for the Standard Come-Along Hand
Power Unit. Here is their website for more clear vision, their
website is http://jeshaffer.com
2- You need to look for the safety standard regulation and
standard specification for the Standard Come-Along hand power
unit.
3- You need to look for OSHA, ASME, and ANSI in order for
you to get the information needed.
4- I need you to compare those safety regulations among 4
fields which are oil field, marine, timber, and transportation.
5- I need tables for the specification for every field that
includes: Maximum load tension, WLL, stiffness, stress, factor
of safety, and any other engineering specification.
6- I need it to be shown in tables and paragraphs with
explanation. I need to know if the Come-Along actually can be
working or not.
7. 7- Most importantly, I need the specific title and standard
numbers for the safety regulation and specification that have
been used (OSHA, ASME and ANSI) or any other source that
you have used, please place at the end of the page, or anywhere
that fits. (I have to see how you did the engineering
specification and the sources you have used to double check
with the numbers).
8- I need to be 6-8 pages long.
VERY IMP
I expect perfect work full of sources that you have used,
nothing plagiarism. All that has to be related to the Standard
Come-Along for JE Shaffer Company.
Please do your best! Focus more in the oil field for standard
Come-Along.
The safety regulation has to be very clear and calculation shown
if needed.
Sources have to be all shown too!
Please be very specific and details for every field! And most
important thing is using the standard Come-Along in the oil
field!
In all
It is a senior design in Mechanical Engineering.
Basically we are working on modify the standard Come-Along
hand power unit. (Like changing the dimension, materials, etc)
and the part I sent it to you is the safety! How safe this tool is?
What the worst could happen? How can the come-along handle
before it breaks in several conditions? The stress, strain,
maximum load before it breaks? (This has to be shown how you
did it) I can't have numbers in the assignment that I don’t know
where you came from. Calculation must be show as well as the
equation.
This assignment might take several pages. (5-8) pages maybe. If
8. there is a possibility of having 2-4 ppt slides. That would be
great for my next presentation.